C-D2-01: Outcomes Associated With Thiazide Combinations for Second-line Treatment of Hypertension in Older Patients (original) (raw)

2010, Clinical Medicine & Research

Mammography utilization gap has been significantly narrowed between urban and rural settings in recent years. Yet, evaluation of breast cancer incidence and mortality data suggest that women residing in rural areas in the US experience a higher incidence of breast cancer and shorter disease free and overall survival regardless of access to health care services. We have implemented a cohort study design to evaluate the pathologic prognostic indicators of breast cancer at the initial presentation of the disease and their association with shorter survival among women in rural PA. We identified women (n=550) diagnosed with their first primary invasive cancer between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2007 from the Cancer Registry at Geisinger Health System (GHS). Pathologic, clinical and demographic data were retrieved from electronic health records. The mean age at the initial clinical presentation of the disease was 67(± 12.5). The majority, were diagnosed with either stages I and II, 58.6% and 26.8%, respectively. About 6.9% of women were diagnosed with stage III and 7.6% with stages IV. The proportions of women diagnosed with histologic grade 1, 2, and 3 were 31.8%, 41.7% and 26.5%, respectively. Assessment of the joint distribution of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) yielded 58.6% as phenotypic positive for both receptors and, 26.8% as negative. The remaining 16.5% were discordant for the expression of hormone receptors. Sub-typing of breast cancer biomarkers by the three prognostic markers, ER, PR and HER 2/neu, yielded 69.7% as hormone receptor positive, epidermal growth factor negative; 7.5% as triple positive; 3.5% as hormone receptor negative, epidermal growth factor positive and 19.3% as triple negative. Preliminary findings from this ongoing research project suggest that the prevalence of triple negative breast cancer is higher in this population. Expression of other markers such as HER1, Viminetin, CK 5/6, P53 and E-Cadherin are also being evaluated.