Assessment of the Cardiothoracic Ratio and Its Association with Gender and Age: A Nigerian Study (original) (raw)

Establishing the cardiothoracic ratio using chest radiographs in an indigenous Ghanaian population: a simple tool for cardiomegaly screening

Ghana Medical Journal, 2015

Background: Cardiothoracic ratio is a simple and cheap tool in the estimation of heart size. It is a useful index of cardiac size evaluation, and a value of 50% is generally considered to indicate the upper limit of normal. Study Objective: This study is to ascertain the normal mean value in cardiothoracic ratio of Ghanaians using chest radiography to serve as baseline for screening for cardiomegaly. Methodology: Standard postero-anterior radiographs of the-clients/patients were used in the study. The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) was obtained by dividing the transverse cardiac diameter [sum of the horizontal distances from the right and left lateral-most margins of the heart to the midline (spinous processes of the vertebral bodies)] by the maximum internal thoracic diameter. Systematic sampling with appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to obtain a sample size of 1989. Results: The mean transverse cardiac diameter and cardiothoracic ratio increased with age. The transverse thoracic diameter increased with age until the sixth decade when it reduced with age. The mean CTR increased gradually with age with females having greater values than males. The mean CTR of the study population were 0.459, 0.467 and 0.452 for the general population, females and males respectively. Conclusion: This study has been able to establish 0.459 as the mean CTR values for Ghanaians. It has also shown the relationship between age and clients /patient's cardiothoracic ratio which compares favourably with findings of a similar study in Nigeria, a neighbouring country in the West African sub region with similar ethnic and social structure.

Radiographic Determination of Cardiothoracic Ratio and Cardiac Size in the Ijaw Ethnic Group of Nigeria

international medical journal, 2021

This study determined cardiac sizes, with the aid of chest radiographs, using the mean values of the CTR among adult Ijaws in Nigeria. Chest radiographs of 200 adult Ijaws were obtained and placed on a radiological illuminator box to reflect proper views of the radiographs, as cardiac and thoracic diameter values were collected. Data were analysed using SPSS for total number determination, mean, range, standard deviation and t-test value. The results recorded as follows; mean cardiac diameter for males is 13.44±1.10cm; that for female is 12.52±1.20cm and 12.98±1.19cm was recorded for both gender. For mean thoracic diameter, male value is 29.76 ± 1.85cm, that of female is 26.77±1.84cm and 28.26±2.37cm was recorded for both gender. Also the mean CTR (cardio-thoracic ratio) value was also recorded; the value for male is 45.22±3.19, that for female is 46.88±3.87 and 46.05±3.63 was recorded for both gender. Statistical analysis using student t-test showed that male adult Ijaws had higher value (p<0.05) in almost all the parameters except in CTR value, whereas females have higher CTR value (p<0.05). Findings of the index study (46.05 CTR values) provides a reference point for future studies on other Nigerian ethnic groups, which will in turn enhance better clinical interpretations necessary for diagnosing cardiovascular disorders.

Relationship between cardiothoracic ratio and some selected anthropometric parameters in relation to gender in an adult Nigerian population

2018

This study investigated the normal values of the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and asses its relationship to other anthropometric parameters like height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), and waist hip ratio (WHR) of healthy young adult Nigerians in a University setting in relation to gender. In this prospective study, a total of 567 subjects (328 females and 239 males) with mean age of 21.93 ± 7.42 years from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, were used. CTR was obtained by dividing cardiac diameter by thoracic diameter while body mass index was calculated based on the formula Weight (Kg)/Height 2(Kg/m²). The average CTR in males was 0.4310 ± 0.03 while in females it was 0.4449 ± 0.042 showing a significant difference (P≤ 0.05). The mean BMI for males and females were 22.82 ± 2.85 (Kg/m²) and 23.73 ± 4.43 (Kg/m²) respectively. The mean BSA for males and females were 1.844 ± 0.140 and 1.716±0.169 respectively. There was a sign...

Determination of Standard Reference Cardiothoracic Ratio and the Relationship with Body Parameters as A Patients Health Indicator for Clinical Application

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2019

The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that function by pumping blood throughout the body making the body size extremely important in its performance. Hence, the work done by the heart depend largely on the total body size of the individual, measurements of which depends on the weight and height to estimate BMI, BSA and BSI. The aim of the study was to establish Ghanaian based standard reference values of cardiothoracic ratio and determine the relationship with body parameters for clinical application. The maximum transverse diameter of the heart was obtained by adding the widest distance of the right heart border from the midline and the left heart border to the midline (cardiac diameter). This value was then divided by the maximum transverse diameter of the thorax (the thoracic diameter) to give the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR). Which is described as a ratio of the cardiac width as against thoracic width. The measured CTR was approximately 15: 33 (cm) and is therefore within the normal limit of 50%. This is because a CTR of greater than fifty percent is abnormal, in terms of Posterior - Anterior (PA) or an Anterior - Posterior (AP) view. In addition, the height and weight were measured to estimate the BMI, BSA and BSI and the relationship of these parameters with the measured cardiothoracic ratio. The result shows that BSI better correlate with the cardiothoracic ratio than any other body parameter with 92.53% accuracy rate. The determination of the CTR which represent the size of the normal heart is of the greatest importance to cardiologists. This is because the heart size enlargement is better assess by determining the ratio of size of the heart (cardiac diameter) as against the size of the chest wall (the thoracic diameter). This is use for initial assessment of heart condition by cardiologist, with a standard adult heart having a CTR value of 0.5. The study shows that a normal size is so variable and depends so greatly on the sex, age and body parameters of the study population. In conclusion, the study will serve as basis of the relationship between body parameter and the CTR. It also established that a deviation of heart size with BSI may reveal an underlying pathologic condition, and called for further studies to be conducted for clinical decision.

Radiographic determination of cardiomegaly using cardiothoracic ratio and transverse cardiac diameter: can one size fit all? Part one

Pan African Medical Journal

Introduction: The cardio-thoracic ratio (CTR) and the transverse cardiac diameter (TCD) on Plain chest radiography are the two parameters commonly used to diagnose cardiomegaly and heart disease. A CTR of greater than 50% on a PA film is abnormal and normally indicates cardiac or pericardial disease condition, whiles an increase of TCD from 1.5 to 2cm on two consecutive radiographs, taken at short interval, suggests possible cardiac pathology. The aim was to determine the suitability of using the same TCD and CTR to detect cardiomegaly for all age groups and genders respectively. Methods: A retrospective study involved the review of 1047 radiological images of adults aged 21 to 80 years, who had plain postero-anterior chest radiographs between January 2012 and November 2013 by 3 radiologists. Data recorded included the transverse cardiac, thoracic diameter and the cardiothoracic ratios. Descriptive analyses were carried out using the Microsoft excel 2010. Results: The mean age and standard deviation for the study population was 35.1 ± 12.7. The mean and standard deviations for the transverse cardiac diameter, thoracic diameter, and the cardiothoracic ratios for male participants were 13.08cm ± 1.2, 29.7cm ± 2.7 and 46.6% ± 3.9; and 12.9 cm ± 1.3, 27.1 cm ± 2.6, and 47.8% ± 4.8 for females. An increase in TCD of 1cm resulted in a CTR of greater than 50.0% in all but the males aged 21-40 years. Conclusion: The study found that the same TCD and CTR values are not suitable in detecting cardiomegaly for all age groups and genders.

Evaluation of Cardiothoracic Ratio of Normal Subjects in Al madinah Al Munawwara Using Chest Radiographs

La Pensée

The aim of this study was to establish normal constant value for cardiothoracic ratio among Saudi people in Almadinah Almunawwarah. The cardiothoracic ratio of 66 male and 43 female aged between 6 to 83 years old were estimated from the transverse diameters of heart and thorax respectively using posteroanterior normal chest radiographs. The study was conducted at King Fahd Hospital in Radiology Department from the period of January to March 2014. The mean and standard deviation of cardiothoracic ratio, transverse cardiac diameter and transverse thoracic diameter were established .The mean values for cardiothoracic ratio for both males and females were 0.54 and 0.47 respectively and both showed highly significant difference. Conclusion: the cardiothoracic ratio of Saudi people is approximately similar to that of Africa(Nigerian).

Aortic and Heart Dimensions of Adults in Sudanese's Population using Chest X-Ray

The main objective of this study is to measure aortic diameter and to estimate the cardiothoracic ratio. The study was carried out in the College of Radiologic Technology, The National Ribat University,Khartoum Sudan and Special Diagnostic Centres, Khartoum Sudan. PA chest radiographs of 50 individuals their age ranged from(19 -70) years were used for this study included both genders.

Biometric Data of Adults’ Aortic Knob Diameter in Posteroanterior Chest Radiograph, Correlation to Age and Normative Heart Diameter: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Biomedicine, 2022

Background: The aortic knob (AK) is an essential feature on a chest x-ray. It could be the first sign of a cardiovascular problem if there is any deformation or enlargement of the knob. This study aimed to measure the normal AK diameter (AKD) on a posteroanterior chest radiograph in healthy adult Sudanese. Methods and Results: The study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging in Ribat Hospital (Sudan) between Jun 2019 and Jan 2020. A total of 113 participants of both sexes (45.1% males and 54.9% females) with a normal chest x-ray and no history of diabetes, blood hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or skeletal abnormality were selected. Participants' age fluctuated from 18 to 75 years. The measurements (AK, heart diameter [HD], cardiothoracic ratio [CTR]) were carried out with the measuring tools available on the software of the computed radiography system. The mean AKD was 2.8±0.8 cm (2.94±0.8 cm in males and 2.51±0.77 cm in females, P=0.005)). The mean HD was 9.22±2.8 cm (9.8±3.3 cm in males and 8.7±0.2.1 cm in females, P=0.005). The mean CTR was estimated as 46.6±7.7% with a significant difference between males and females and significantly correlated with HD and BMI (P<0.05). The AKD increased by 0.0199 cm with an increase of one year of age (AKD = 0.0199(age)+1.9469), and there was a strong positive correlation between age and AKD (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study found a significant positive correlation between age and AKD. Increased heart sizes increase AKD. The AKD value is greater in males than in females.