HIV accomplices and adversaries in macrophage infection (original) (raw)

2006, Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Cell surface and intracellular proteins in macrophages influence various steps in the life cycle of lentiviruses. Characterization of these restriction and/or cofactors is essential to understanding how macrophages become unwitting HIV hosts and in fact, can coexist with a heavy viral burden. Although many of the cellular pathways co-opted by HIV in macrophages mimic those seen in CD4+ T cells, emerging evidence reveals cellular constituents of the macrophage, which may be uniquely usurped by HIV. For example, in addition to CD4 and CCR5, membrane annexin II facilitates early steps in infection of macrophages, but not in T cells. Blockade of this pathway effectively diminishes macrophage infection. Viral binding engages a macrophage-centric signaling pathway and a transcriptional profile, including genes such as p21, which benefit the virus. Once inside the cell, multiple host cell molecules are engaged to facilitate virus replication and assembly. Although the macrophage is an enab...

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