Viral and host cofactors facilitate HIV-1 replication in macrophages (original) (raw)

2003, Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of CD4+ T lymphocytes leads to their progressive loss, whereas HIV-1-infected macrophages appear to resist HIV-1-mediated apoptotic death. The differential response of these two host-cell populations may be critical in the development of immunodeficiency and long-term persistence of the virus. Multiple contributing factors may favor the macrophage as a resilient host, not only supporting infection by HIV-1 but also promoting replication and persistence of this member of the lentivirus subfamily of primate retroviruses. An encounter between macrophages and R5 virus engages a signal cascade eventuating in transcriptional regulation of multiple genes including those associated with host defense, cell cycle, nuclear factor-κB regulation, and apoptosis. It is important that enhanced gene expression is transient, declining to near control levels, and during this quiescent state, the virus continues its life cycle unimpeded. However, wh...

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