Assessment of Prevalence and Associated Factors of under Nutrition among School Adolescents in Hawzen Woreda, Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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Malnutrition in School-Going Adolescents in Dessie Town, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2021
Background. Malnutrition among adolescents is a global public health problem. Nutrient intake is a proxy measure of nutritional status, but studies in developing countries describing the actual nutrient intake condition associated with nutrition in the adolescents are limited. On top of this, there is inconsistent finding on the extent of malnutrition among adolescents. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess malnutrition and the associated factors among adolescents at Dessie high school. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 randomly selected high school adolescents. e data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from previous literature studies. Nutrient intakes were estimated by ESHA food processor software from a 24-hour recall, and anthropometric indices were calculated from weight, height, age, and sex. e data analysis was managed by SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to report the associated factors of malnutrition. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was used to reveal the presence of statistical association. Results. e percentage of being stunted, underweight, and overweight/obese was 15.7%, 6.3%, and 8.2%, respectively. Snack consumption (AOR � 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.71) was negatively associated with stunting, while MAR <1 (AOR � 3.36, 95% CI: 1.15, 7.82) was positively associated with stunting. Being a male (AOR � 2.76, 95% CI: 1.03, 7.44) and meal consumption <3 times per day (AOR � 4.21, 95% CI: 1.35, 13.11) were factors positively associated with being underweight/thin. Dietary diversity score <5 (AOR � 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.89) was negatively associated with overweight/obesity, while MAR < 1 (AOR � 3.14, 95% CI: 1.09, 9.09) was positively associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusion. e percent of overweight/obesity among adolescents in the study area was higher compared with the national and regional prevalence, and this was found to be a public health concern. erefore, increasing snack consumption, sex consideration, increasing meal consumption, and intake of diversified foods should be included in the prevention strategies of malnutrition among adolescents.
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SAGE Open Medicine
Objective: This study was aimed at assessing socio-demographic and economic factors associated with nutritional status of adolescent school girls in Lay Guyint Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: The school-based cross-sectional study comprising 362 adolescent girls aged 10-19 years was included in the study. Simple random sampling technique with proportional allocation to size was used to select the participants. An interviewer-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurement were used to collect the data. An anthropometric measurement was converted to the indices of nutritional status using World Health Organization Anthro Plus software. Result: The overall prevalence of stunting and thinness among adolescent girls were 16.3% and 29%, respectively. Adolescents aged 14-15 years (AOR = 3.65; 95% confidence interval: 1.87, 7.11), adolescents living in rural areas (AOR = 1.34; 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 2.33), and adolescents who did not have snack (AOR = 11.39; 95% confidence interval: 1.47, 17.8) were positively associated with stunting. Whereas mother's occupation was negatively associated with stunting (AOR = 0.12; 95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.87). Similarly, being a rural resident (AOR = 2.40; 95% confidence interval: 1.13, 5.08) and adolescents aged 14-15 years (AOR = 6.05; 95% confidence interval: 2.15, 17.04) were positively associated with thinness. Educational status of adolescent girls was negatively associated with thinness (AOR = 0.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.05, 0.35). Conclusion: Stunting and thinness are prevalent among adolescent girls. The age of adolescents, place of residence, having a snack, and mother's occupation was significantly associated with stunting and thinness. Having at least a one-time snack in addition to the usual diet is strongly recommended.
International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
The coexistence of both under nutrition and over nutrition or known as double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a recent emerging nutritional problem documented in most developing countries. In Ethiopia, though there are various studies documenting the magnitude of under-five children nutritional problem, there is a research gap on DBM among adolescents. To fill the identified gap, the extent of the problem among in-school adolescents was assessed. A school based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 634 high school adolescent students in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia from March 2015 to April 2015. Multi-stage sampling was employed to select the sampled participant. Following the school stratification by ownership as governmental and private, two schools were randomly selected from each category and the number of students were allocated proportionately. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and anthropometric measurements. Weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference measurements were taken from all participants using standard procedures. Data were entered into EPI-info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS, version21. The anthropometric data were converted into nutritional indices using WHO Anthro-Plus software, version 1.0.4. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using multinomial regression model. A total of 406 from the government and 228 from the private schools were enrolled in the assessment. The magnitude of underweight, and overweight and/or obesity were 19.7% (95%CI: 16.5%, 23.2%), and 11.2% (95%CI: 8.7%, 13.7%), respectively. Father educational and occupation status, family size and wealth index were significantly associated with underweight. The odds of being underweight among whose fathers' had no formal education was 12 times [AOR=12; 95% CI=4 to 34], higher than those whose education level was above secondary. Those from family size of five or less were 80% times less likely to be underweight [AOR=0.2; 95% CI=0.12 to 0.4] than those whose family size was more than 5. Participants whose fathers' occupation was merchant were 75% times less likely to be underweight than private work [AOR=0.25; 95%CI=0.09 to 0.6]. Wealth index quintile of lowest [AOR=9.4; 95% CI=3 to 29] and second [AOR=5; 95%CI=1.8 to14.9] were 5 times more likely to be underweight than their counterparts. This study revealed the coexistence of double burden of malnutrition among in-school adolescents. Parents' education, family size and wealth index were some of the predictors which require the collaborative effort of health, education and social affair sectors to avert the prevailing problem in the community.