Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) and Its Components Relaxant Effect on Smooth Muscles and Clinical Applications of This Effect (original) (raw)

Elsevier eBooks, 2020

Abstract

Abstract Crocus sativus L. (C. sativus) or saffron is used as an herbal medicine in various diseases and health problems including amenorrhea, coughs, asthma, as well as cardiovascular and stomach disorders. The relaxant effect of saffron on smooth muscles could be the base of some therapeutic effects of the plant. The plant is rich in carotenoids, and its main components are crocin, safranal, crocetin, and kaempferol. Medline/PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, Google Scholar, Chemical Abstracts, and Biological Abstracts databases were searched using keywords including Crocus sativus, crocetin, saffron, safranal, crocin, relaxant effects, and smooth muscles from 1964 until the end of December 2018. C. sativus (saffron) and its component relaxant effect on smooth muscles of various organs, including blood vessels, trachea, gastrointestinal, and urogenital, have been shown. The effects of saffron stigma and its constituent on systolic blood pressure were also reported. In addition, the possible mechanism of this effects (smooth muscles relaxant) of saffron and its constituent including its effect on beta-adrenergic, muscarinic, and histamine (H1) receptors, as well as their effect on calcium and potassium channels and modulation of nitric oxide pathway, were reported. The aforementioned finding suggested the therapeutic effect of saffron and its constituents on cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital disorders because of the relaxant effect of the plant and its constituents on the smooth muscle of the above systems.

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