Urla Sıra Mahallesi Romanları - Romani in the Sıra Neighbourhood of Urla (original) (raw)
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Cities are sites where natural environmental changes are observed the most, hundreds of thousands and even millions of people take shelter, and which change, develop, affect and are influenced by the events people carry on in order to perpetuate their vital activities (Atalay, 2001:52). And they have become an integral part of human life as a result of this mutual interaction. Since they are locations where people effectuate many of their social, cultural and economic activities such as entertainment, relaxation, employment, etc. besides their sheltering need, they have been developed and changed diversely by the people. In this way, they constitute a cultural geographical view by acquiring specific identifier feature with the aid of architectural structures that reflect the civic culture of the people living in the cities. It is an accepted fact also by the geographers that all residences have a cultural geographical view. Cultural geographical views are artificial views culture groups create with the physical features of the areas they settled. Thus, every area that has a settlement reflects cultural tracks from which they originated (Tümertekin and Özgüç, 2004:93). Cities created by each nation are the product of its own geographical conditions and cultural level, cities do not resemble each other like the people, and they reflect historical structure, customs and traditions of the societies they belong (Tunçdilek, 1986:102). Features that add value to cities and differentiate them from the other cities are characterized as urban identity. Haapala (1998) and Karadağ (2006) have described urban identity as the geographical landscaping that sets the city apart from the other cities and comes on the scene within the framework of the mutual relation of natural, social and environmental components; and as the reflections of this landscaping to its culture (Karadağ, Koçman; 2007:5). Önem and Kılıçaslan have assessed the urban identity by means of factors from natural, human and artifactual environments. Accordingly, identity factors arising from natural environment are properties such as topographical features of the city, climatic conditions, vegetation cover, general location, etc. Identity factors generating from human environment are individuals and the society, because values possessed by the individuals and society are reflected to the city structure and make contribution to the urban identity in this way. Identity factors originating from artifactual environment include all sorts of arrangements performed in the city. Components like squares, wards, monuments, buildings, etc. rank among these arrangements (Birol, 2007:47). From this point of view, artifactual environment enter into the area of interest of cultural geography. All kinds of artifactual buildings provide a geographical view for the city. Architectural features are among the key aspects of cultural geography and offer cultural identity to the cities. Architectural structure is the constituent that reflects the cultural geographical view the most. Architectural structure that ranks among the materialistic cultural constituents of cultural geography easily gives information about a culture and values of that culture. Consequently, all buildings dominating the materialistic cultural view starting from the simplest to the most magnificent ones are fairly important in terms of cultural geography and cultural geographical view (Tümertekin, Özgüç; 2004:96). The factor that gives information at the first stage about the social, cultural and economic structure of the city is its buildings. Thus, they can reflect glory, delicacy, power as well as frailty, visual pollution. As a matter of fact, constructions that are inharmonious with the city development, architecture style create visual pollution. Architectural features that represent a culture system in various ways are examined in categories of religious architecture, architecture of administration buildings or public architecture, and local architecture (Tümertekin, Özgüç; 2004:97). Therefore, examination of buildings of religious architecture, public buildings and buildings of local architecture can be realized. Cities have the characteristics of a laboratory of cultural geography with their architectural features. However, disappearance of architectural features that reflect the cultural texture of Elazığ city center is in question as for throughout Turkey. Architectural features of new settlements in Elazığ do not offer features that distinguish the city from other cities on the contrary Elazığ is being added to the chain of similar cities.
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND IDENTITY. TRADITIONAL ULA HOUSES, TURKEY
Vernacular architecture, bearing the physical and socio-cultural characteristics of its in-situ environment and conveying thousands of years of accumulation and tradition, emerged from the hands of local building masters. While regional architecture is very extrinsic, it exhibits the character of an anonymous architect and is the clearest reflection of the local community's traditions, culture, experience and customs. Behind it lies ancient knowledge, experience, skill and mastery that is passed down from generation to generation. It pertains to the vernacular architecture user's lifestyle, identity and area of production which responds to its in-situ needs and has qualities that are peculiar to the region. The local architecture is a direct and unconscious transformation of community culture into material within the context of certain needs. Deriving from tradition, it is passed down from generation to generation as the community's social and cultural documents. The goal of this article is to introduce, in terms of plan typology, general features and interior decoration, examples of regional housing units utilized by Turks living in Muğla's provincial district of Ula, one of the imporant regions of Anatolia featuring traditional vernacular architecture. INTRODUCTION Local architectural is known in the world by the term 'vernacular architecture.' Appearing for the first time in the year 1861, the term 'vernacular' is derived from the Latin word vernaculus, which means 'local', 'peculiar to a place or region' (Eyüce 2005). Also described as anonymous architect architecture, spontaneous architecture, folk architecture, and rural architecture (Sezgin 2006), the concept of regional architecture goes back as far as Vitruvius under the name of historical regionalism (Kolsal 2014). According to Vitruvius, differences between regional conditions also render buildings different. The relationship of man to nature, the ability to adapt to conditions, as well as the steadily changing and accommodating culture that is shaped by this need over time, is interpreted through the local architecture. Bearing the physical and socio-cultural characteristics of the in-situ environment, the regional architecture is hewn in the hands of local labor forces using local materials, conveying thousands of years of accumulation and tradition. Moreover, the regional architecture that uses materials and the local workforce is reflected in the community's traditions, customs, beliefs, value prejudices and world view of the region to which it belongs. Regional architecture is defined with two basic qualities, human works and the product of time, as cited in the introduction text of the ICOMOS Traditional Architectural Heritage Regulation (Polat 2016). Regional architecture based on knowledge gained from the past accumulates in the historical process. The primary determining factors of regional architecture are climate, geography, topography, natural building materials, lifestyles determined by traditions and religious practices, socio-cultural structure and production style (Sezgin 2006). Natural materials, as well as the region's topography and physical characteristics determine the social and cultural structure of the form and structure of a building in this architecture. In harmony with the climate and nature of their environs, these structures generally have the ability to expand through added-on units. While they are simple, concise, and easy to comprehend, these structures have a lexicon of local construction terms generally used in regional architecture. While regional architecture is very extrinsic, it carries the character of an anonymous architect and is the clearest reflection of the local community's traditions, culture, experience and customs. Exhibiting variances according to the physical conditions of each region, this architecture is a manner of cultural expression. Behind it lies ancient knowledge, experience, skill and mastery that is passed down from generation to generation. It is related with the regional architecture user's lifestyle, identity and area of production which responds to its in-situ needs and has qualities that are peculiar to the region. The local architecture is a direct and unconscious transformation of community culture into material within the context of certain needs. Deriving from tradition, it is eventually passed down from generation to generation as the community's social and cultural documents. Respect for neighbors is shown in this architecture as per traditional values. (Sezgin 1984; Sezgin 2006). Rapoport lists local architectural features in terms of features that have no institutional and aesthetic claims, environment and climatic compatibility, respect shown to the whole natural environment as well as
Building and Environment, 2008
When the historical parts of cities-which are the cultural mosaics and which reflect the feelings, thoughts, tendencies, life experiences and the accumulations of the periods in which they were built-begin to disappear, it affects the historical identities of the cities negatively. Investigating, learning, documenting and transferring to the future the values of these spaces, which are bridges between past and future, are vitally important for the maintenance of the cities. This analytical study carried out in Ü c -Ku¨mbetler and its vicinity in the historical city of Erzurum-where historical and traditional urban elements such as religious buildings, traditional houses, streets, and fountains are intense-aimed at fulfilling these ends.
Transform of Traditional Urfa Houses Located in the Historical Area of the City
WORLD HERITAGE and DWELLING ON EARTH, Le Vie dei Mercanti, XXI International Forum, 2023
The city of Sanliurfa is located on the Syria border,in the southeast of Turkey. The traditional houses of Urfa were built with limestone found in the region, in the late of 18th century. The architecture, buildings and streets were created an urban texture that attracts attention. Due to the shift of the city center to the north and the fact the life in the modern reinforced concrete apartments in the newly urbanized areas was more comfortable, by the time, the traditional houses were abandoned one by one, and the buildings remained empty for many years. In recent years, after the discovery of neolithic settlements such as Göbeklitepe or Karahantepe occurred intense tourist visits, caused demand of hotel accommodation in the city. Today, traditional houses located in the historical area of the city are being restored and re-functionalized as boutique hotels. During this new functionalization, various reinforcements such as wet areas (bath, kitchenet), heating and lighting systems equipment, etc. were inserted to the buildings. These new functions and restorations prevent the building from being demolished and destroy, but they also bring intervention and an additional load to structure. In this study, a discussion was made about the balance of protection and use in cultural heritage by examining local examples in terms.
A Sociocultural Landmark in Ankara: 96'lar Residential Block
IIB INTERNATIONAL REFEREED ACADEMIC SOCIAL SCIENCES JOURNAL , 2012
This paper examines an important sociocultural landmark in Ankara, namely 96'lar Residential Block, within the sociocultural context of its development. As the research reveals, 96'lar Residential Block occupies a significant place in the architectural development of its context, in terms of its planning understanding that is developed under the effect of the contingencies of the housing development in Ankara, between 1950's and 1980's. Attempting to analyze the sociocultural development and architectural formation of the block under the light of the cultural, social and architectural developments of its time, this paper respectively studies the housing production in Ankara between 1950's and 1980's, the position of 96'lar Residential Block within this development, the planning understanding and architectural characteristics of 96'lar Residential Block and the references made to Modern Movement in architecture.
Cities are formed from historical layers. When different periods are examined, it is possible to reach out the information about the relation with the built environment created with the society's owned culture and the location where the built environment is through these historical layers. Cultural and natural values owned by the city, shape the city identity. To have a city identity, it is necessary to provide the continuity of these values and to protect moral and material values which transfer messages of city's past to its future. City identities in the World and in Turkey have been gradually disappearing because of the immigrations which are the results of globalization and industrialization. This situation creates the feeling of " Alienation " in the people who live in the city. Also in Kocaeli, which lost its' agricultural city feature owned until 1960s and whose industrial city feature has come into prominence for 50 years, same problems can be observed. Traditional houses are formed depending on the society's different cultural values. Some places in the traditional houses have disappeared completely or have become useless time-dependently. That's why it is very important to reveal the local similarities. Thanks to the datum gathered by analysing with the Typology method, the historical traces will be the guiding light of continuing structuring and future. On this purpose, Kapanca Street has been chosen as study area. This street is one of the historical layers of Kocaeli city and which is one of the rare places still protecting the authenticity. There are 10 traditional registered houses belonging to the late Ottoman Period in the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century on this street. The values of Kapanca Street, which constitutes an important place in the historical identity of Kocaeli and has a historical background more than a century are thought to be in need of being recorded to provide the cultural continuity and to be transferred to future. The study has been done as two-stage. Firstly; A wide literature search about traditional house in Turkey, history of Kocaeli, type, typology, and typological analysis method which are related to topic, and area survey have been done. Other studies done with this analysis method have been observed and transmitted briefly. In the second step, Typological features of Kapanca Street have been presented by using the typological analysis method. With this study, differences about the city will have been stated and will have contributed to the city's identity value and cultural continuity will have been provided.
The Effect of Architectural Designs on Urban Segregation: Odunpazarı Modern Museum and Arter
InternationalCongress of Engineering and Natural Sciences Studies (ICENSS), 2021
It is inevitable that our cities, -which are shaped by the traces of their experiences, have a historical past and can be defined as a living organism- to renew, change and transform over time. During this transformation, human movements can also be seen in certain areas. The change of the city, the change of life style, economic, political and technological changes affect human movements. These transformations, which can occur in a natural process or can occur very quickly and suddenly from time to time with radical decisions. In the city, projects that are created by making an evaluation on the basis of parcels with the intervention made to the existing texture can not only be integrated with the people living in that area, but also may appear visually incompatible in the structural environment. Although it is known that the designs affect the region economically, it is a normal result to exclude the people living in it. The Odunpazarı Modern Museum in Eskişehir, which was completed and opened to visitors in 2019, and the Arter museum in Istanbul were selected as the study area. Both museums were examined in terms of the environmental data of the area they are located in and their life styles and the architectural language of the buildings. The positioning of architectural designs, especially with aesthetic concerns, ignoring its immediate surroundings and urban texture, was evaluated in terms of the people living in that region and the visitors in the design field, and determinations were made with environmental data.
The Role of Cultural Inventory in Definition of Urban Identity: Bitlis Civil Architecture
International Refereed Journal Of Architecture and Design, 2018
Öz: Amaç: Kentlerin sahip olduğu kültürel, sosyal ve doğal değerler, kent kimliğinin şekillenmesinde önemli bileşenlerdir. Kent kimliği, bir kenti diğerlerinden ayıran özellikler bütünü olarak özetlenebilir ve birçok bileşenin bir araya gelmesiyle oluşur. Kent kimliğinin sürdürülebilir olmasında ise, geçmişinden gelen özgün somut ve somut olmayan değerlerin korunabilir olması büyük önem taşır. Kentin farklı dönemlerine tanıklık etmiş önemli yapılar yada yapı grupları, kentlilerin yaşantısının bir parçası olarak yaşamlarında öncelikli konumda yer alır. Bu nedenle bir kentte, o kentin özgün kimliğine katkısı olan ve ait olduğu döneme ilişkin kayda değer mimari ve yaşamsal özellikler taşıyan yapıların korunması, kültürel sürekliliğin sağlanmasında ve kentin kimliğinin oluşumunda ve geleceğe taşınmasında son derece önemli rol oynar. Kentlerimizin sahip olduğu tarihi, estetik ve sanatsal özellikleri ile zaman içinde oluşan mimari ve mahalli kimlikler, planlama politikalarıyla oluşturulan dönüşüm ve kentsel yenileme plan ve projelerinde temel alınmalıdır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma kapsamında, Bitlis il merkezinde yer alan geleneksel sivil mimari dokuya ait 1985-89 yılları arasında yapılan envanter çalışması incelenmiş, önceki yıllara ait plan kararları araştırılmış, eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bitlis il merkezinde yer alan ve kentin özgün mimari kimliğini yansıtan, Atatürk, Zeydan ve Müştakbaba mahallelerindeki 70 adet tescilli sivil mimarlık örneği yapı yerinde incelenmiş ve güncel durumu tespit edilmiştir. Envanter çalışmalarına ek olarak belgeleme ve rölöve çalışmalarının da yapılması gerekliliği, plan çalışmalarının uygulanmadığı durumlarda ortaya çıkabilecek kentsel bozulmalara örnek olabilecek tespitler yapılmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma örneği olarak seçilen 70 adet yapının son 25 yıldaki değişimin incelenmesi ve sonuçlardan yola çıkarak, bölgede yapılacak planlama çalışmalarına rehber olabilecek ve kente kimliğini kazandıran geleneksel mimari mirasın genel özelliklerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Özellikle kentsel sit ilan edilmemiş Atatürk mahallesindeki nitelikli tarihi yapılar göz önüne alındığında, bu bölgenin de kentsel sit olarak değerlendirilmesi sonucu ortaya konulmuştur.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ACADEMIC RESEARCH, 2014
Rapid changes (in life style, working conditions, cultural values and tendency and so on) in cities affect their historical identity negatively. Thus, historical parts of the cities reflecting the cultural and historical atmosphere, experiences, tendencies, opinions, culture and life style in the years of when they were built have begun to disappear. Learning, determining and saving the historical parts and spaces of a city which function as a bridge between past and future, and allowing for their transference to the next generation have a great importance in terms of the sustainability of these cities. This analytical study was made in Orta Mahalle which is one of the oldest neighborhoods in Akcaabat, Trabzon located in the northeast of Turkey. Orta Mahalle, which has partially preserved its identity in spite of several deformations, was chosen as the area of study due to its historical and traditional elements such as religious buildings reflecting the past, (St. Michael's Church, chapel and church schools), traditional houses, streets, fountains and squares. The study involves the determination of registered buildings in the area, as well as the determination of traditional houses, streets, religious buildings and fountains which will be in the scope of the study, the implementation of relief and photography studies and the documentation of all forms and perceptual values of available houses and streets with the analysis made through the appropriate criteria and the clarification of the typology of traditional housing. Observation and data determination studies were done in the larger area; the protected area was determined within the scope of the plan; and locations of historical church, fountain and church school were determined in the area. The focus of the study is especially on civilian architecture; thus, the church, school and fountain were not analyzed but their locations were determined.