The mechanism of Copper effect on Alzheimer's disease (original) (raw)
Related papers
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2013
Background & aim: Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between oxidants and reluctant in the individual or its cells. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of antioxidant vitamins E and C in prevention of the toxicity of copper and molybdenum in rabbits. Methods: In this experimental study, 25 adult rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group (control group) received no medication The second group received 80 mg/Kg/day sodium molybdate orally until symptoms of toxicity, the third group received 4 mg/kg of copper sulfate orally with sodium molybdate, Group IV 150 mg/kg of vitamin E with sodium molybdate orally, and group V 20 mg/kg orally received vitamin C with sodium molybdate. Using the total antioxidant capacity parameters, malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin levels in rabbit's serum parameters levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense were obtained after a 35-day trial. The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey's test. Results: The results of the present study indicated that molybdenum induced alopecia and depigmentation and molybdenum as a stress factor increased levels of malondialdehyde. So that the amount of malondialdehyde from 1.285 in the control group to 1.849 µM/L Molybdenum increased significantly. Although this indexes in the groups receiving vitamin E and C decreased significantly from 0.375 to 0.426 µM/L respectively. However, the total antioxidant capacity in any of the groups compared with the control group showed no change. Conclusion: Molybdenum toxicity is involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and antioxidant agents of vitamins E and C can reduce its toxic effects.
Assessment of Copper Pollution in the Surface Layer of Vineyard Soils in Malayer, Iran
Journal of Health in the Field, 2017
Background and Aims : Soil contamination by copper (Cu) very often occurs in the soil surface layer of vineyard cultivations, due to the heavy use of copper fungicides in order to protect against fungal grape diseases. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate copper concentration in the superficial layer of vineyard cultivation in Malayer, Iran, and also to prepare the pollution map of copper in this region. Materials and Methods : Twenty five surface soil samples (0-20 cm) of Malayer vineyard region were collected and consequently were subjected to Cu concentration assessment. Soil samples were air dried and sieved, and the categorized <0.149 mm fraction was used in subsequent digestion operation. The concentrations of Cu in extracted solutions were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was used to interpolate copper concentrations in the whole study area owing to the limited amount of data. Results: The...
Effect of Soil Copper and Salinity on Growth and Chemical Composition of Two Pistachio Cultivars
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology, 2012
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil copper (Cu) and salinity on growth and chemical composition of two pistachio cultivars. A factorial experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments consisted of four Cu levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg Kg-1 soil as CuSO 4 .2H 2 O), five salinity levels (0, 800, 1600, 2400, and 3200 mg NaCl Kg-1 soil) and two pistachio cultivars (Badami-e-Zarand and Ghazvini). Results showed that salinity significantly decreased growth parameters. Application of 3200 mg NaCl Kg-1 soil decreased shoot and root dry weights, leaf area and stem height by 67, 72, 45 and 76 % respectively. Application of 7.5 mg Cu Kg-1 soil increased shoot dry weight and leaf area by 24 and 26% respectively. Morever, there was no significant difference between growth parameters of two pistachio cultivars, except for leaf area index. Salinity stress significantly decreased shoot and root P, k and Cu total uptake, and increased that of Na and Cl. Application of 5 mg Cu Kg-1 soil significantly increased shoot Cu uptake. Since total uptake of all elements for Badami cultivar was significantly higher than the Ghazvini, it could be concluded that the latter cultivar is probably more resistant to the saline conditions.
Effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of Haversian cortical bone
Bone, 2006
A two dimensional finite element model for the human Haversian cortical bone is represented. The interstitial bone tissue, the osteons and the cement line were modeled as the matrix, the fibers and the interface, respectively. This was due to similarities between fiber-ceramic composite materials and the human Haversian cortical bone. The stress intensity factor in the microcrack tips vicinity was computed using the linear elastic fracture mechanics theory and assuming a plane strain condition. It was therefore possible to study the effect of microstructure and mechanical properties of Haversian cortical bone on microcrack propagation trajectory. The results indicated that this effect was limited to the vicinity of the osteon. If both osteon and cement line were assumed to be softer than the interstitial tissue, the stress intensity factor was increased when the crack distance to the osteon reduced. The stress intensity factor decreased if both osteon and cement line were assumed to be stiffer than the interstitial tissue. The resulting simulation indicated that the effect of existence of osteon on the stress intensity factor was no significance, if both the interstitial tissue and cement line were assumed either stiffer or softer than the osteon. Microcrack trajectory was observed to deviate from the osteon under tensile loading; indicating an independence from the mechanical properties of various tissues. In fact, the microcrack adopts a trajectory between the osteons, thereby increasing the necessary absorbed energy for fracture. This results in an increase in the human Haversian cortical bone toughness. The result of this finite element modeling has been confirmed by through evaluation and comparison made with experimental results.
Antidepressant effects of Trifolium pratense hydroalcholic extract in mice
2016
Introduction: Depression is a common and debilitating disease that has many economic, social, and personal consequences for the society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of red clover extract on depression induced by reserpine in mice. Methods: Sixty male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 mice in each. Control mice received normal saline (1 mg/kg, i.p.), negative control received reserpine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and positive control received reserpine (5mg/kg, i.p.) + fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Intervention groups received reserpine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and red clover extract at doses of 250, 500, 750 mg/kg. Depression was tested using forced swimming test and motor coordination was evaluated using Rotarod. Serum and brain antioxidant capacity and MDA level were also determined. Results: Reserpine significantly increased immobility time in the forced swimming test. Red clover extract at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg significantly reduced the duration of immobilization. There was no significant difference in motor coordination between control and reserpine-treated mice. Reserpine injection significantly decreased brain and serum antioxidant capacity and increased their malondialdehyde level. Red clover extract significantly increased brain antioxidant capacity and reduced the malondialdehyde level. Conclusion: Red clover extract has antidepressant effects due to its components.
ارزش بررسيهاي عصب روانشناختي در تشخيص پيشرس زوال عقل
Neuropsychological studies have demonstrated that preclinical dementia accompanies a decreasing trend in cognitive state a few years prior to clinical diagnosis. Sudden decline in episodic memory and semantic knowledge have been found to have the capability to differentiate patients in preclinical state of dementia from those experiencing normal aging. In addition, decline in episodic memory is usually the earliest cognitive change that occurs prior to the development of clinical dementia syndrome. Asymmetry in cognitive abilities may also occur in this preclinical phase of the disease and predict imminent dementia. This review summarizes the contributions of neuropsychological assessment in early diagnosis of dementia.