The Social Multiplier and Labour Market Participation of Mothers (original) (raw)

The Social Multiplier and Labor Market Participation of Mothers

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2009

In France as in the US, the participation of a mother in the labour market is influenced by the sex of her oldest siblings. Same-sex mothers tend to have more children and to work significantly less than the other mothers. In contrast, the sex of the oldest siblings does not have any perceptible influence on neighbourhood choices. There is no correlation between the sex of the siblings of a mother and the sex of the siblings of the other mothers living in the same close neighbourhood. Given these facts, the distribution of the sex of the siblings of the other mothers provides us with a plausible instrumental variable to identify the influence of other mothers' participation on a mother's participation in the labour market. Reduced-form analysis reveals that a mother's participation in the labour market is significantly affected by the sex of the oldest siblings of the other mothers living in the same neighbourhood. IV estimates suggest a strong impact of close neighbours' participation in the labour market on individual participation. We compare this result to estimates produced using the distribution of children's quarters of birth to generate instruments. Mothers whose children were born at the end of the year cannot send their children to pre-elementary school as early as the other mothers and participate less in the labour market. Interestingly enough, estimates using the distribution of quarters of birth in the neighbourhood as instruments are as strong as estimates using the sex-mix instruments.

Mothers Welfare and Labour Market Activation

Within the EU policy ,framework ,paid work ,is seen ,as the ,key ,to participation, and social inclusion and as a route out of poverty. At policy level, there is an endorsement ofthe adult worker model, with a particular focus on increasing the labour force participation of mothers. This paper,examines,the framework,that directs and,informs transitions between ,welfare ,and ,paid work ,for mothers ,in low-income ,families. The paper,considers ,the ambiguity ,concerning ,the new ,norm ,of working ,parenthood ,on

Exploring Mothers' Relationship to the Labour Market

Just Policy, 2005

Family policy actively encourages married mothers to concentrate on mothering duties on one hand whereas on the other hand for sole mothers, welfare reform is the master policy framework. The domain of motherhood model offers an alternative perspective for viewing the different labour market relationships of Australian sole and married mothers.

of LaborSingle Mothers and Work

2014

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The impact of institutions on motherhood and work

2006

Address for Correspondence: Silvia Pasqua, Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Corso Unione Sovietica 218bis, 10100 – Torino – ITALY; silvia.pasqua@unito.it We thank the Collegio Carlo Alberto for its hospitality and support. ... Readers wishing to cite this document are asked ...

Metropolitan mothers: Mothers, mothering and paid work

Women's Studies International Forum, 2004

is currently directing this research project on parents' choice of childcare. Other research interests include parents' relationships with the education system and she has published widely in this area. Her most recent book is an edited collection, entitled Social Justice, Education and Identity (RoutledgeFalmer, 2003). She has two children. Stephen J. Ball has written and researched extensively, particularly in the area of social class and education policy. His new book, Class Strategies and the Education Market: the Middle Class and Social Advantage (2003) is published by RoutledgeFalmer. He lacks the 'pleasures' of fatherhood. Soile Pietikainen is the Research Officer on the choice of childcare project. Her previous work has included a study of the experiences of au pairs in the UK. She has two children.

City Size and Mothers' Labour Force Participation

Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 1990

The enormous increase in the number of married women and women living conjugally, with dependent children, and who are now part of the workforce has been one of the most important changes in the social and economic make-up of Western countries over the past 20 years. For example, in France, the percentage of married women who have two children (under 17 years of age), and who work, has risen from 32 070 in 1968 to 64 Yo in 1982; for those with one child the rate has increased from 51 Vo in 1968 to 77% in 1982.