Bacillus subtilisandTrichoderma harzianumcontrol postharvest pathogens of strawberry fruits in vitro (original) (raw)
Related papers
Effect of Biological Control of Root Rot Diseases of Strawberry Using Trichoderma spp
Strawberry is one of the most important crops in Egypt for exportation due to the good characteristics and early appearance in market. Several fungi have been reported to attack strawberry roots i.e. Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina causing root rot diseases. These diseases cause economic losses in strawberry and a wide range of other cultivated plants. Isolates of Trichoderma as " Trichoderma album, T. harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum " and commercial preparations " Plant Guard " were used in this study in vitro against isolated root rot pathogens. Maximum growth inhibition of tested pathogens was achieved by T. harzianum (74.67 mm) followed by T. album (71.29 mm) meanwhile, T. hamatum recorded lowest antagonistic effect (57.21 mm). All tested antagonists were used as suspension (30×10 6 spore/ml) and reduced the incidence of root rot disease under field conditions. T. harzianum, T. album, T. viride and Plant Guard were the most effective antagonists as shown by the highest efficacy in plants survival, where they gave 77.0, 72.0, 72.0 and 45.0% in season 2015/16 whereas they gave 67.2, 63.4, 56.7 and 51.5% in season 2016/17, respectively as well as those treatments scored highest best fruits yield under field conditions. Moreover application of these antagonists recorded the highest increase in total phenols, total nitrogen percentage and total chlorophyll of strawberry in comparison with the control. On the other hand, T. hamatum showed the lowest effect. This trend was true during the two successive growing seasons 2015/16 and 2016/17.
A new approach for strawberry disease control
European Journal of Horticultural Science, 2019
Organic farming is one of the fastest growing segments of U.S. agriculture. As consumer interest continues to gather momentum, many U.S. producers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers are specializing in growing, processing, and marketing an ever-widening array of organic agricultural and food products. This report summarizes growth patterns in the U.S. organic sector in recent years, by market category, and describes various research, regulatory, and other ongoing programs on organic agriculture in the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Evaluation of CAY-1, an Experimental, Natural Fungicide, for Control of Strawberry Pathogens
Acta Horticulturae, 2009
CAY-1 is an experimental, natural product being tested as a potential fungicide. This saponin isolated from Capsicum frutescens interacts with membrane sterols causing leakage of cell components and ultimately cell death in a variety of fungi. CAY-1 and the commercial fungicide captan were tested in an in vitro doseresponse dilution-broth assay. They caused at least 85% growth inhibition of the fungal pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides when tested at 3.0 μM. Even though CAY-1 strongly reduced the growth of these fungal pathogens in laboratory assays and prevented anthracnose development in detached leaf assays, it did not control foliar or fruit rot diseases of strawberry in field trials.
Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology, 2020
México es el tercer productor de fresa a nivel mundial, donde la producción de este cultivo es de importancia económica y generación de divisas en el pais. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar y caracterizar morfológicamente los hongos asociados a enfermedades en un cultivo de la fresa, así como determinar la capacidad antagónica in vitro de la cepa T-H4 de Trichoderma harzianum con los hongos identificados. Se colectaron muestras de plantas del cultivo de fresa con síntomas de enfermedades fúngicas, se sembraron en medio PDA y se generaron cultivos monospóricos para su caracterización morfológica. Los hongos identificados y la cepa T-H4 se confrontaron mediante cultivos duales. Se identificaron tres hongos asociados al fruto (A. niger, Colletotrichum sp. y R. stolonifer), tres en hojas y tallo (Pestalotiopsis sp., Curvularia sp. y Alternaria sp.) y dos hongos asociados a la raíz (Rhizoctonia sp. y Fusarium sp.). La cepa T-H4 presentó un nivel antagónico adecuado...
Integrated Management of Fungal Diseases in Strawberry
An experimental trial with eight treatments viz. carbendazim 50 WP (0.05%), hexaconazole 5 EC (0.03%), mancozeb 75 WP (0.3%) cultural control (removal of older leaves + weeding), aqueous extracts of datura leaves, extract of garlic cloves, mulching (polythene) and check (without treatment) in RBD manner was carried out in Research Farm of SKUAST-K. Treatments were replicated thrice. The data on individual effect of treatments revealed that five diseases viz. root rot (Pythium sp. Rhizoctonia solani), fruit rot (Botrytis cineria), Alternaria leaf blight (Alternaria alternata), leaf spot (Hainesia lythri) and foliage blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) were noticed in variable per cent disease index (PDI), whereas, fruit rot caused by Botrytis cineria did not appear in beds where three sprays of carbendazim, mancozeb and hexaconazole were given after 15 days interval but mulching with polyethylene in the month of June also gave excellent result and no fruit rot incidence was observed. Minimum root rot (0.23%) was recorded when carbendazim was sprayed than that of other treatments. Cultural practices comprised with removal of basal leaves and weeding had profound effect after the fungicidal sprays. In case of Alternaria leaf blight, spray of the crop with hexaconazole reduced its incidence and recorded minimum PDI (2.67) than other treatments but cultural practices and extract of garlic cloves exhibited almost at par effect against Alternaria leaf blight. Among the major diseases, leaf spot caused by Hainesia lythri was significantly checked by all the treatments and minimum leaf spot was recorded when crop was treated with carbendazim and hexaconazole followed by cultural practices (5.67) but effects of extracts and mulching had at par effect. Despite, foliage blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii also occurred on vines, blossom and leaves of crop in variable PDI whereas minimum PDI (2.33) was noticed when crop was sprayed with hexaconazole but cultural practices and mulching showed at par effect (7.33). Similarly, maximum fruits weight was computed in carbendazim followed by hexaconazole while as other treatments also gave significant fruit yield over control.
Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 2018
The evolution of anthracnose symptoms on the aerial part (leaves, stems and strawberries) of three varieties Fortuna, Camarosa and Festival of strawberry plants inoculated with the conidial suspensions of Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates was followed. The severity index and infection coefficients increased in function of time. Seven days after inoculation they were low not exceeding 13.43% and 43.33, but they increased four weeks after inoculation, respectively, to 37.96% and 99 on strawberry plants of the Camarosa variety, 54.44% and 105 on those of Fortuna and 51.12% and 85 on those of Festival. At the sixth week, the severity index and infection coefficients became very high, reaching respectively 100% and 408 on Fortuna plants inoculated with C. gloeosporioides isolate (Coll3) followed by Coll2 (89.28%-300), Coll1 (86.66%-378) and Coll4 (80.45%-198) of C. acutatum species. Similarly, the isolate Coll3 caused fruit rot; the percentage of rotten strawberries was 100% on Fortuna variety, 83.33% on Festival and 70.25% on Camarosa. A positive re-isolation of the tested Colletotrichum isolates has been noted from leaves of strawberry varieties and negative from crowns or the roots. A significant to moderate reduction in fresh and dry weights of the aerial part and roots was noted in inoculated strawberry plants compared to the control.
The Use of Fungicide Alternatives for Controlling Postharvest Decay of Strawberry and Orange Fruits
Journal of Plant Protection Research, 2008
Control measures of postharvest diseases of strawberry and navel orange fruits using hydrogen peroxide, calcium chloride and chitosan were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All tested concentrations of chemicals used were able to reduce the linear growth and spore germination of B. cinerea; R. stolonifer; P. digitatum and P. italicum. Complete inhibition of linear growth and spore germination was obtained with concentrations of 1.5 and 2.0% of all treatments. Under storage conditions, significant reduction in descending order of mould incidence was observed in strawberry and orange fruits treated with ascending concentrations of calcium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and chitosan. Obtained data revealed significant reduction in mould incidence in fruits when treated by calcium chloride and chitosan 12h before artificial inoculation with the mould pathogens, while hydrogen peroxide showed the opposite result. The present study demonstrated that the application of hydrogen peroxide is superior to treatment with calcium chloride or chitosan enhanced the control activity against mould pathogens which as it expressed was as either percentage of diseased fruits or decay development as rotted tissue weight of strawberry and navel orange. The applied tested chemical might act as contact and systemic fungicides which have a protective or therapeutic effect.
Journal of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology
Objective: Strawberry postharvest fruits and plants are mainly affected by the fungus Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea), which causes grey mould rot. Biological control agents and biostimulants can effectively control this fungus and promote plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of a novel fungal-derived extract called culture filtrate (CF) to biocontrol grey mould rot in postharvest strawberries and plants while promoting plant growth. Methods: The CF extract was obtained from the liquid culture of a strawberry pathogenic fungus, gauze-filtered and inactivated by autoclave. The Fragaria x ananassa cultivars Camino Real, Benicia, and Merced were used. For the postharvest assay, fruit natural decay was evaluated by simulating real storage conditions. For the phytopathological assays, first-generation plants inoculated with B. cinerea were evaluated 26 days post infection. The effect of CF on plant growth and biomass promotion was evaluated 60 days post treatment (DPT). ...
2017
ZYDLIK P. and Z. ZYDLIK, 2016. The infl uence of effective microorganisms on the occurrence of fungal diseases, growth and the quality of the strawberry fruits. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 22: 408–414 The aim of this study was to establish the possibility of using different forms of the Effective Microorganisms preparation to limit the occurrence of the fungal diseases of the strawberry leaves and fruits and estimation of their infl uence on the growth, crop and quality parameters of the fruits. The EM preparation effectively limited the occurrence of strawberry red-leaf spot (Diplocarpon earliana) and white-leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae) and to a lesser extent – the powdery mildew on the fruits (Botrytis cinerea). From the studied forms of the EM preparation, the best effects were achieved when plants were sprayed with the mixture of two forms EM-A and EM-5 and the EM-5 preparation enriched with the onion extract. In combination with their application the plants had a high diameter...