The risk factors of antenatal depression: A cross‐sectional survey (original) (raw)
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Antenatal prevention of postnatal depression
Archives of Women's Mental Health, 1999
Twenty three women at risk for postpartum depression were offered ten classes in pregnancy and postpartum, focusing on parenting and coping strategies. Twenty one controls attended standard six antenatal classes. Postpartum there were no differences in depression scores, however, anxiety was less at six weeks postpartum in the intervention group. Over time both groups had reduced numbers and reduced satisfaction with supports, but this was greater in the control group. With respect to the marital relationship, this was also less satisfactory postpartum in the control group. The intervention group was well attended and participants satisfied with the alternative antenatal class format; larger studies for all first time mothers are recommended.
Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2010
Depression during pregnancy may negatively influence social functioning, birth outcomes and postnatal mental health. A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline survey of a prospective study was undertaken with an objective of determining the prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with depressive morbidity during pregnancy in a Tanzanian peri-urban setting. Seven hundred and eighty seven second to third trimester pregnant women were recruited at booking for antenatal care at two primary health care clinics. Prenatal structured interviews assessed socioeconomic, quality of partner relationships and selected physical health measures. Depressive symptoms were measured at recruitment and three and eight months postpartum using the Kiswahili version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Completed antenatal measures available for 76.2% participants, showed a 39.5% prevalence of depression. Having a previous depressive episode (OR 4.35, P<0.01), low (OR 2.18, P<0.01) or moderate (OR 1.86, P=0.04) satisfaction with ability to access basic needs, conflicts with the current partner (OR 1.89, P<0.01), or booking earlier for antenatal care (OR 1.87, P=0.02) were independent predictors of antenatal depression in the logistic regression model; together explaining 21% of variance in depression scores. Attenuation of strength of multivariate associations suggests confounding between the independent risk factors and sociodemographic and economic measures. In conclusion, clinically significant depressive symptoms are common in mid and late trimester antenatal clinic attendees. Interventions for early recognition of depression should target women with a history of previous depressive episodes or low satisfaction with ability to access basic needs, conflict in partner relationships and relatively earlier booking for antenatal care. Findings support a recommendation that antenatal services consider integrating screening for depression in routine antenatal care.
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2014
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) and poor childbirth outcomes are associated with poverty; these variables should be addressed by an adapted approach. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of an antenatal programme based on a novel psychosomatic approach to pregnancy and delivery, regarding the risk of PPD and childbirth outcomes in disadvantaged women. Methods: A multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial comparing a novel to standard antenatal programme. Primary outcome was depressive symptoms (using EPDS) and secondary outcome was preterm childbirth (fewer 37 weeks). The sample comprised 184 couples in which the women were identified to be at PPD risk by validated interview. The study was conducted in three public hospitals with comparable standards of perinatal care. Women were randomly distributed in to an experimental group (EG) or a control group (CG), and evaluated twice: during pregnancy (T1) and four weeks post-partum (T2). At T2, the variables were compared using the chi square test. Data analysis was based on intention to treat. The novel programme used the Tourné psychosomatic approach focusing on body awareness sensations, construction of an individualized childbirth model, and attachment. The 10 group antenatal sessions each lasted two hours, with one telephone conversation between sessions. In the control group, the participants choose the standard model of antenatal education, i.e., 8 to 10 two-hour sessions focused on childbirth by obstetrical prophylaxis. Results: A difference of 11.2% was noted in postpartum percentages of PPD risk (EPDS ≥ 12): 34.3% (24) in EG and 45.5% (27) in CG (p = 0.26). The number of depressive symptoms among EG women decreased at T 2 (intragroup p = 0.01). Premature childbirth was four times less in EG women: three (4.4%) compared to 13 (22.4%) among CG women (p = 0.003). Birth weight was higher in EG women (p = 0.01). Conclusions: The decrease of depressive symptoms in women was not conclusive. However, because birth weight was higher and the rate of preterm childbirth was lower in the EG, our results suggest that the psychosomatic approach may be more helpful to the target population than the standard antenatal programs.
Prevalence of Depression among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at BPKIHS
South Asian Research Journal of Nursing and Healthcare
Pregnancy is a time of increased vulnerability for the development of anxiety and depression because there are profound physiological and emotional changes in the mother during this period. Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and the symptoms can range from mild to severe. The study aimed to identify the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant women. A descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted among 414 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at BPKIHS through Systematic Random Sampling. Data were collected by interview technique using standardized and validated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression (EPDS) tool and Self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and binary logistic regression in SPSS version16. The prevalence of antenatal depression among the study population was 24.2 %. Antenatal depression was significantly associated with religion, gender of previous child, mod...
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2010
This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, effectiveness, and helpfulness of Insight-Plus, a brief culturally-tailored cognitive behavioral intervention for African-American and Caucasian rural lowincome women at risk for APD [Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) ≥ 10]. Forty two percent (63/149) of women in this non-randomized study were at risk for APD and 41% (26/63) of women, who met all eligibility criteria, initially agreed to participate. Seventeen participants completed all six intervention sessions. Ninety-four percent (16/17) who completed their one-month postintervention interviews had an antepartum recovery rate of 81% (13/16, EPDS ≤ 10). Participants reported that many aspects of the program were helpful and they continued to use the intervention exercises after the sessions ended. Each year, as many as 50% of pregnant women experience depressive symptoms (Bennett et al., 2004; Gaynes et al., 2005) and 11-14.5% meet the diagnostic criteria for antepartum depression (APD), which is defined as a major or minor depressive This research was supported by a grant from East Carolina University's Division of Research and Graduate Studies. We thank Dr. John Morrow, the maternal child health nurses, and other members of the health department for their collaboration on this project, and we thank the women who enrolled in our study.
Psychosocial Antenatal Care: A Midwifery Context
Selected Topics in Midwifery Care, 2018
The rationale of any national screening programme is to recognise the benefits for public health, to assess a predominantly healthy population including pregnant women and to detect risk factors for morbidity in order to provide timely care interventions. The focus of antenatal care screening is to identify wider determinants of health that may have an impact on a pregnant woman's well-being that includes the physical, psychological, social and religious factors. Psychosocial risks, among others, include poor socioeconomic conditions such as poverty, lack of social support, general health inequalities, domestic violence and a history of either personal or familial mental illness, all of which have the capacity to influence a pregnant woman's decision to utilise health care services. This chapter highlights the antenatal care process, the importance of psychosocial care during pregnancy, maternal risks during pregnancy, the impact of pregnancy on maternal well-being, the possible psychosocial risk factors during pregnancy, psychosocial assessment, psychosocial care as a missing piece of the antenatal care puzzle, the presentation of the results of a study on psychosocial risk assessment and support and further outlining various antenatal care approaches that could be adopted to offer pregnant women holistic care.
Prevalence of antenatal depressive symptoms among women in Sabah, Malaysia
BACKGROUND: Antenatal depression is one of the common problems during pregnancy with a magnitude of 20% to 30% globally. It can negatively endanger women's and off springs lives. As there are scarce reports on this area in Northern Ethiopia, it is important to carry out different studies that explore the magnitude of the problem and related factors in rural areas. The aim of this study is thus to assess the magnitude of antenatal depressive symptoms and associated factors among women at Maichew Town, North Ethiopia. METHODS: A facility based cross sectional study was conducted among 196 pregnant women from April to June 2015. Pregnant women who had antenatal care follow-ups at the public health facilities were included in the study. Through proportional allocation to each facility, systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. We used the local language version of Beck Depression Inventory to assess depressive symptoms with a cutoff point of 14 or more. Data was collected by trained Psychiatric Nurses; data entry and analysis were processed by SPSS window 20. The level of significance was determined using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. RESULT: About 16.3% of the participants had never given birth before, and 46.4% and 42.3% were in the third and second trimesters of pregnancy respectively. Unwanted pregnancy was reported by 25.5% of the participants. Among those with previous pregnancy, 7.1% had previous obstetric complication. The magnitude of depression was 31.1%. Pregnant women with low level of income (AOR=3.66 (95%CI; 1.12, 11.96)), unmarried (AOR=4.07 (95% CI; 1.18, 14.04)) and house wives (AOR= 4.24 (1.38, 13.03)) were risk groups for depression. CONCLUSION: Antenatal depression is a common problem; thus screening activities of depression in antenatal care services should be emphasized with more concern to unmarried women, those with low level of income and house wives.
Antenatal Depression and Its Determinant Factors in Urban Community Setting
Advanced Science Letters, 2017
Background: Antenatal depression occurs in nearly 20% of pregnancies. There are various risk factors associated with antenatal depression. This study determined the risk factors for antenatal depression in urban community setting. Method: There were 107 pregnant mothers with median age 28 years old who utilized maternal health services in Primary Health Care of Matraman during April-August 2016. A cross sectional study with consecutive sampling method was used. Demographical characteristics were collected using identity form. Antenatal depression was determined using self-report questionnaire of Lembar Pengenalan Gejala Depresi with cut off ≥5 for the presence of depression, social support using Dukungan Sosial questionnaire, relationship situation with husband using Kesesuaian Hubungan Suami Istri questionnaire, and level of stress experienced in the past years using Holmes-Rahe questionnaire. Respondents took 25 minutes to complete the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression with 95% of confidence interval. Results: Antenatal depression occurred in 15% among the subjects. The risk for antenatal depression was five times higher in pregnant mothers with poor social support (OR: 4.79; 95% CI 1.18-19.43, p = 0 028) and 14 times higher than those with stress (OR: 14.04; 95% CI 2.41-81.97, p = 0 003). Conclusion: Psychosocial situation played major roles in determining antenatal depression. Poor social support increased risk of antenatal depression and stress during pregnancy. Identification of antenatal depression and its determinants is important to ensure a safe motherhood journey.
Psychosocial Study of Depression in Early Pregnancy
British Journal of Psychiatry, 1996
BackgroundThe psychosocial correlates of depression during pregnancy were explored.MethodPregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of a general hospital (n=1329) received a set of questionnaires including Zung's Self-Rating Depression Score (SDS). SDS high scorers (>49) (the cases: n=179) were compared with low scorers (<38) (the controls; n=343).ResultsThe cases were characterised by: first delivery; more nausea, vomiting, and anorexia; more menstrual pains and premenstrual irritability; early paternal loss; lower maternal care and higher paternal overprotection; higher public self-consciousness score; more smoking and use of medication in pregnancy; unwanted pregnancy; negative psychological response to the pregnancy by the woman and husband; poor intimacy by the husband; and having remarried.ConclusionsDepression in early pregnancy is determined mainly by psychosocial factors.