Anisakinae Nematodes in Two Commercial Marine Fish from the East Pacific of Baja California, Mexico (original) (raw)
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Anisakis spp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae), were reported to cause zoonotic disease in many countries. Only A. simplex s.s. and A. pegreffii are reported while no reports were available from other Anisakis species. This parasite commonly infects marine mammals, fish, crustaceans and cephalopods in a wide geographical distribution including the Philippines. This study was to morphologically identify the type of Anisakis infecting different marine species landed in Tayabas Bay, Quezon Province, Philippines. Briefly, Anisakis samples were collected from a total of ten marine fishes marketed from Dalahican Fish Port, Lucena City, Quezon province. Prevalence and intensity of infection were recorded and the collected worms were subjected to morphological screening using light microscopy guided by the reported taxonomic keys for the identification of Anisakis type groupings. There were differences on the prevalence and mean intensity of infection observed between fish species. Jarbua terapon was the most susceptible species with the prevalence rate (100%), this was followed by longfin grouper (58.33%), striped ponyfish (50%) then purple-spotted big-eye with the prevalence of (33.33 %). While, one-spot snapper and splendid ponyfish were less susceptible to larval anisakid infection with the prevalence rate recorded at 27.27 % and 15.94 %, respectively. The highest mean intensity of infection was found in longfin grouper (Epinephelus quoyanus) (14.57) and jarbua terapon (Terapon jarbua), (12 larvae) while the lowest intensity of infection was found in one-spot snapper (Lutjanus monostigma) and purple-spotted big eye (Priacanthus tayenus) (2). Anisakis spp. were categorized into Anisakis type I and type II based on the size of its ventriculus and the presence of the mucro. A total of 101 out of 178 worms from the fish samples were morphologically identified as Anisakis type I. Three species of anisakids were identified; Anisakis simplex s.s, Anisakis typica and Pseudoterranova sp. Philometrid nematode was also classified. Despite the harmful effects of these zoonotic parasites to human, these can be used beneficially for several ecological studies as biological tags.
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 2017
Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection caused by larval stages of nematodes of the genus Anisakis, Pseudoterranova and Contracaecum, of the Anisakidae family. The lifecycle of these nematodes develops in aquatic organisms and their final hosts are marine mammals. However, humans can act as accidental hosts and become infected with infective stage larvae (L3) by consuming raw or undercooked fish or shellfish carrying the parasite. Of this group of parasites, the genus Anisakis is the most studied: its presence in humans is associated with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms or allergic responses that can trigger anaphylactic shock. The lack of studies in anisakiasis and Anisakis in Colombia has resulted in this infection being little-known by medical practitioners and therefore potentially underreported. The objective of this study was to identify anisakid nematodes in the flathead grey mullet fish (Mugil cephalus), caught by artisanal fishing methods and commercialized in Buenaventura. Morphological identification was carried out by classical taxonomy complemented by microscopy study using the histochemical technique Hematoxylin-Eosin. Nematodes of the genus Anisakis were found in the host M. cephalus. The Prevalence of Anisakis larvae in flathead grey mullet fish was 33%. The findings confirm the presence of Anisakis sp. in fish for human consumption in the Colombian Pacific region, a justification for further investigation into a possible emerging disease in this country.
Infectio, 2018
Objective: Nematodes of the Anisakidae family are parasites found in aquatic organisms. The lack of studies on anisakidosis and Anisakis in Colombia has meant this type of parasitosis is not widely known by health personnel and underreporting of the disease is highly likely. The objective of this study was to identify anisakid nematodes in the armed snook fish (Centropomus armatus) obtained by artisanal fishing and sold commercially in the coastal port city of Buenaventura.Material and methods: Morphological identification of these worms was performed using taxonomic keys and supplemented with microscopic study using the histochemical Hematoxylin-Eosin technique.Results: Nematodes of the genus Anisakis were found in 42% and the mean abundance was 2.8 in the C. armatus.Conclusions: The findings confirm the presence of Anisakis sp. in fish for human consumption in Buenaventura, the main fishing port in the Colombian Pacific region. This finding in itself warrants further investigation...
Presence of anisakid larvae in commercial fishes landed in the Pacific coast of Ecuador and Colombia
Infectio, 2018
Introduction: Anisakidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish or crustaceans parasitized by nematode larvae of the Anisakidae family. In this study, the presence of anisakid larvae was identified in fish species of consumer of the Pacific coast in Ecuador and Colombia.Methods: We obtained 438 samples grouped into twenty species of fish caught in the fishing ports of Manta, Santa Rosa, Buenaventura and Tumaco. The morphological identification of the larvae was made by taxonomy and the percentage of infection, were calculated. For the identification of species, a multiplex PCR was carried.Results: The taxonomic review identified eight species of fish as hosts of the genders Anisakis andPseudoterranova. The larvae were isolated mainly from the intestine with a percentage of infection between 18 and 100%. The percentage of infection and identification of anisakids in these fish will aid in the prevention and control of anisakiasis as a possible e...
Nuevos retos en investigación, docencia y clínica en Ciencias de la Salud, 2013
Molina-Fernández, D., Hidalgo-Hidalgo, V., Soria-Soto, M., Malagón, D., Martín-Sánchez, J., Benítez, R., Adroher, F.J., 2013. Survey of parasitization by Anisakis simplex, etiological agent of the human anisakiasis, in sardines, in: III Jornadas Internacionales y V Nacionales en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada (Eds.), "Nuevos Retos en Investigación, Docencia y Clínica en Ciencias de la Salud". Granada, pp. 259–263. Anisakis simplex is a nematode of the family Anisakidae which parasitizes a large number of fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods, as intermediate/paratenic hosts, and cetaceans, as final hosts. This parasite affects the man causing the human anisakiasis. The man is usually infected by eating raw, marinated or undercooked fish and squid with third larval stage (L3) of A. simplex. Anisakiasis is a concern of public health in those countries where the fish is consumed raw. For example in Japan, 2000-3000 new cases per year are recorded (Umehara et al., 2007). Also in Spain, new cases every year are recorded and three cases caused by sardines ingestion were described in 1992 (Barros et al., 1992; López-Vélez et al., 1992). The presence of Anisakis larvae in commercial fishes is frequent, especially in fishes such as European hake (Merluccius merluccius) with a prevalence of 87.97% (Valero et al. 2006), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) 81.7% (Martín-Sánchez et al., 2005) and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) 43.9% (Sanmartín et al., 1989).
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2018
Anisakis spp. and Hysterothylacium spp. are nematodes that commonly parasitize several fish species. Nematode larvae can be recovered in coelomic cavity and viscera, but also in flesh and have an important economic and public health impact. A total of 1144 subjects of wild teleosts, 340 samples of cephalopods and 128 specimens of farmed fish collected from Apulia region were analysed for anisakid larvae detection by visual inspection of coelomic cavity and viscera and by digestion of the flesh. No nematode larvae were found in farmed fish and cephalopod molluscs. All examined wild-caught fish species were parasitized, except for 5 species for each of which only a few subjects belonging to the same batch were sampled, therefore the results are just indicative. A total of 6153 larvae were isolated; among these, 271 larvae were found in the muscular portion. Larvae were identified by morphological method as belonging to the genera Anisakis (97.2%) (type I and type II) and Hysterothylacium (2.8%). Both nematodes could be found in all fish species, except for round sardinella (Sardinella aurita), infected only by Hysterothylacium spp. and for Mediterranean scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna), little tunny (Euthynnus alleteratus) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) infected only with Anisakis spp.. A sample of 185 larvae was sent to the National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.) of Sicily for identification at the species level: 180 larvae belonged to the species A. pegreffii and 2 larvae to A. physeteris. The remaining 3 larvae were identified at genus level as Hysterothylacium. Statistical indices such as prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance were calculated. Chub mackerel (S. japonicus) was the species with the highest prevalence and mean intensity. Moreover, the average and the median values of larvae per 100 g of edible part for each fish species were determined to estimate the consumer exposure to Anisakis spp.. The obtained values were then recalculated by referring to the edible part of all specimens (infected and non-infected) forming a single parasitized batch, getting more realistic and objective data useful for risk assessment. Our results indicate that the consumption of raw or undercooked wild fish caught off Apulian coasts could result in the acquisition of anisakiasis; on the contrary, farmed fish and cephalopods appear to be safer for the consumer. 1. Introduction Anisakid nematodes from the superfamily Ascaridoidea (families: Anisakidae and Raphidascarididae) are parasites commonly present in marine environment. Anisakids with economic and public health importance are Anisakis, Pseudoterranova and Contracaecum, genera of family Anisakidae (EFSA, 2010) while Hysterothylacium, genus of family Raphidascarididae, is commonly considered not zoonotic (Iglesias et al., 2002), except for sporadic cases (González-Amores et al., 2015; Yagi et al., 1996). Member of the Anisakidae family may infect a wide variety of aquatic organisms, marine mammals and fish-eating birds and are distributed worldwide with a complex life cycle depending on aquatic ecosystem and various intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts (Anderson, 1992; Mattiucci and Nascetti, 2008). Larvae (L3) are consumed by krill (euphausiid) and copepods, which are intermediate
Pathogens, 2020
The study aims to perform, for the first time, the molecular identification of anisakid larvae in commercial fish from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off the Peru coast, and to provide data on their infection level by fishing ground, fish host, and site of infection. Fish specimens (N = 348) from the northern and the central coast of Peru were examined for parasites. The fish fillets were examined by the UV-press method. Anisakis spp. larvae (N = 305) were identified by mtDNA cox2 sequences analysis and by the ARMS-PCR of the locus nas10 nDNA. Two hundred and eighty-eight Anisakis Type I larvae corresponded to Anisakis pegreffii, whereas 17 Anisakis Type II larvae clustered in a phylogenetic lineage distinct from Anisakis physeteris deposited in GenBank, and corresponding to a phylogenetic lineage indicated as Anisakis sp. 2, previously detected in fish from both Pacific and Atlantic waters. Anisakis pegreffii was found to infect both the flesh and viscera, while Anisakis sp. 2 occu...
Parasitology International, 2011
Anisakis pegreffii Experimental infection Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout Paralichthys olivaceus Olive flounder Site of infection The third-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex sensu lato (s.l.) are found in many marine fishes. To ensure food safety, it is important to determine whether these larvae are present in the body muscle of commercial fish species. However, there is little information regarding the tissue specificity of Anisakis and two of its sibling species, A. simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anisakis pegreffii, that are common in marine fish in Japanese waters. We orally challenged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)), and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel)) with L3 larvae of these two sibling species and monitored infection for 5 weeks. In rainbow trout, A. simplex s.s., but not A. pegreffii larvae, migrated into the body muscle. A small number of freely moving A. pegreffii larvae were recovered within the body cavity. In olive flounder, A. simplex s.s. larvae were found in both the body cavity and body muscle. A. pegreffii larvae were found only in the body cavity and primarily encapsulated in lumps. Our results indicate that there are differences in the sites of infection and host specificity between the two sibling species of A. simplex s.l.
Animals
The study aimed to perform the molecular identification of Anisakis larvae in commercial fish from the coast of the Canary Islands and to provide data on their infection level for the host and the species of this nematode parasite that we could find in several species of commercial interest in the Canary Archipelago. Fish specimens (n = 172) from the Canary coasts were examined for parasites. In total, 495 larvae were identified; PCR was carried out for the entire ITS rDNA and cox2 mtDNA region, obtaining sixteen sequences for the entire ITS rDNA region and fifteen for the cox2 mtDNA, this being the first contribution of nucleotide sequences of Anisakis species of fish caught from the Canary Islands. An overall prevalence of 25% was obtained in the fish analyzed, and five species of Anisakis were identified, these being Anisakis simplex (s.s.), Anisakis pegreffii, Anisakis physeteris, Anisakis nascettii and Anisakis typica and the hybrid Anisakis simplex x Anisakis pegreffii. The re...
Distribution of Anisakis species larvae from fishes of the Japanese waters
Parasitology International, 2011
Human anisakiasis is caused by the consumption of raw, marinated or undercooked fish and squid infected with nematodes of the genus Anisakis Dujardin, 1845. In view of food safety, this study was carried out to examine the distribution of Anisakis species in marine fishes within Japanese waters. Seven fish species from six localities were collected and examined for Anisakis infection. Morphological and molecular (ITS region and mtDNA cox2 gene) characterization revealed the presence of two, among the three sibling species of Anisakis simplex, viz. A. simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and A. pegreffii. Distribution data were collated with the results from the previous researches to better understand Anisakis distribution in Japanese waters. Distributions of Anisakis species were found to be locality-specific rather than host-specific, particularly between the two major species, A. simplex s.s. and A. pegreffii. Anisakis simplex s.s. is mainly found in fishes from northern Japan to Pacific sides, whereas A. pegreffii is in fishes from the Sea of Japan to East China Sea sides.