Biological activities of essential oils and lipopeptides applied to control plant pests and diseases: a review (original) (raw)
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A review on prospects of essential oils as biopesticide in insect-pest management
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2009
Plant essential oils in general have been recognized as an important natural source of pesticides. They represent a market estimated at US $700.00 millions and a total world production of 45,000 tons. The genera capable of elaborating the compounds that constitute essential oils are distributed in a limited number of families but the widespread range of activities of essential oils is being considered for both industrial and household uses. Essential oil compounds and their derivatives are considered to be an alternative means of controlling many harmful insects and their rapid degradation in the environment have increased specificity that favours beneficial insects. Essential oils based commercial products are being developed for a wide range of human and animal uses, including pest control. Unfortunately, most of the natural products used for pest control, are not always subject to rigorous testing. In view of the above points, the present paper focuses on the work done in the field of essential oils as biopesticides with special emphasis on essential oil chemistry, extraction, pesticidal properties, mode of action, synergism, phytotoxicity, commercialization prospects, safety aspects, socioeconomic impacts and sustainability.
Plant essential oils for pest and disease management
Crop Protection, 2000
Certain essential plant oils, widely used as fragrances and #avors in the perfume and food industries, have long been reputed to repel insects. Recent investigations in several countries con"rm that some plant essential oils not only repel insects, but have contact and fumigant insecticidal actions against speci"c pests, and fungicidal actions against some important plant pathogens. As part of an e!ort aimed at the development of reduced-risk pesticides based on plant essential oils, toxic and sublethal e!ects of some essential oil terpenes and phenols have been investigated using the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) and the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) as model pest species. In this paper I review (i) the range of biological activities of essential oils and their constituents; (ii) their toxicity and proposed mode-of-action in insects; (iii) their potential health and environmental impacts as crop protectants; and (iv) commercialization of pesticides based on plant essential oils.
Review of Essential Oils: A Viable Pest Control Alternative
Journal of Human Ecology, 2020
Indiscriminate use of pesticides is troublesome in our environment, creating toxic soils, groundwater, ponds and lakes, and oceans. Application of chemical pest control results in the death of many insects. These toxic chemicals interrupt entire ecosystems, causing havoc on pollinators such as bees and other beneficial insects, birds and animals as well as humans. It has been estimated that about 2.5 million tons of pesticides are used on crops each year, and that the worldwide damage caused by pesticides reaches $100 billion annually. This paper summarizes the results found in the scientific literature and highlights the fact that secondary metabolites of plants are involved in the interaction with other species, primarily in the defense response of plants against pests. These secondary metabolites sometimes called botanicals represent a huge reservoir of chemical structures with pesticidal activity largely underutilized in modern times compared to the industrial scale seen with chemical pesticides. There are several advantages of botanical pesticides including fast degradation by sunlight and moisture or by detoxifying enzymes. The target-specific nature and lower phytotoxicity of these botanicals have prompted researchers to investigate more in depth the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship of these botanicals in order to evaluate their potential as a viable pest management system. Higher plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, which include phenols, terpenes, alkaloids, lignans and their glycosides. This variety of active compounds plays a significant role in the defense mechanisms of plants, and potentially offers a more sustainable platform to develop structural prototypes in order to identify lead molecules/products that can eventually serve as new environmentally friendly pest control agents. Alternative green methods of pest control are found in essential oils as single or multi component preparations. The positive results in repellency and killing of predatory insects proved to be both safe and biodegradable and have a broad spectrum of applications with no re-entry time. Essential oil pest controls are widely used in organic pest management practices globally, and the emerging market reflects steady growth in agriculture, home and garden, equine, livestock, turf, pets and more. Moreover, new fields of business, research and development for understanding the complexities of plant-based oils and their benefits can be created.
Foods, 2021
The management of insect pests and fungal diseases that cause damage to crops has become challenging due to the rise of pesticide and fungicide resistance. The recent developments in studies related to plant-derived essential oil products has led to the discovery of a range of phytochemicals with the potential to combat pesticide and fungicide resistance. This review paper summarizes and interprets the findings of experimental work based on plant-based essential oils in combination with existing pesticidal and fungicidal agents and novel bioactive natural and synthetic molecules against the insect pests and fungi responsible for the damage of crops. The insect mortality rate and fractional inhibitory concentration were used to evaluate the insecticidal and fungicidal activities of essential oil synergists against crop-associated pests. A number of studies have revealed that plant-derived essential oils are capable of enhancing the insect mortality rate and reducing the minimum inhib...
Essential oils as green pesticides: An overview
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022
Essential oils (EOs) obtained from different parts of plants consist of diverse chemical constituents. Most of the essential oils are rich in monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylpropenes. The diversity of chemical constituents imparts several biological activities such as insecticidal, repellent, attractant, antifeedant, oviposition deterrent, disruption in growth regulation, fungicidal and antiviral to these essential oils. Traditionally, EOs are being utilised for management of insect pests both in field crops and storage. Mostly these essential oils are found to affect insects by inhibiting several enzymes such as acetylcholine esterages, Glutathion S-transferages and also octopaminergic nervous system. They do not show toxicity against the mammals and fishes, due to absence of target site in these organisms. A few essential oils are exempted from pesticide registration and are being used as seasoning agents in food and beverage products. Moreover, these EOs can be a potential "green pesticide" against agricultural pests and support to the organic food production. The main purpose of this review is to emphasize on biological activities of EOs. This comprehensive and critical review will be helpful for chemists to develop more candidates based on these moieties and also for plant protectionists to identify promising EOs as per the need.
Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative
International journal of ecotoxicology and ecobiology, 2020
Indiscriminate use of pesticides is troublesome in our environment, creating toxic soils, groundwater, ponds and lakes, and oceans. Application of chemical pest control results in the death of many insects. These toxic chemicals interrupt entire ecosystems, causing havoc on pollinators such as bees and other beneficial insects, birds and animals as well as humans. It has been estimated that about 2.5 million tons of pesticides are used on crops each year, and that the worldwide damage caused by pesticides reaches $100 billion annually. This paper summarizes the results found in the scientific literature and highlights the fact that secondary metabolites of plants are involved in the interaction with other species, primarily in the defense response of plants against pests. These secondary metabolites sometimes called botanicals represent a huge reservoir of chemical structures with pesticidal activity largely underutilized in modern times compared to the industrial scale seen with chemical pesticides. There are several advantages of botanical pesticides including fast degradation by sunlight and moisture or by detoxifying enzymes. The target-specific nature and lower phytotoxicity of these botanicals have prompted researchers to investigate more in depth the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship of these botanicals in order to evaluate their potential as a viable pest management system. Higher plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, which include phenols, terpenes, alkaloids, lignans and their glycosides. This variety of active compounds plays a significant role in the defense mechanisms of plants, and potentially offers a more sustainable platform to develop structural prototypes in order to identify lead molecules/products that can eventually serve as new environmentally friendly pest control agents. Alternative green methods of pest control are found in essential oils as single or multi component preparations. The positive results in repellency and killing of predatory insects proved to be both safe and biodegradable and have a broad spectrum of applications with no re-entry time. Essential oil pest controls are widely used in organic pest management practices globally, and the emerging market reflects steady growth in agriculture, home and garden, equine, livestock, turf, pets and more. Moreover, new fields of business, research and development for understanding the complexities of plant-based oils and their benefits can be created.
Investigation of the efficacy of essential oils used in pest control
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2023
Due to the negative effects of chemicals used on human and environmental health in recent years, alternative methods have been started to be used in the control against pests. At the beginning of these alternative methods is the use of essential oils in the pest management. Essential oils are biodegradable, species-specific, side-effect-free components that do not threaten human, animal and environmental health. Essential oils, as a rule, have a low molecular weight. Essential oils are produced from almost all plant organs, including roots, stems, leaves, fruits, flowers, seeds and tree bark. The purpose of this review is to investigate the effectiveness of essential oils used in the control against pests. In the study, essential oils obtained from species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, the general properties of essential oils with a repellent effect against pests, plant essential oils (EO), which are among the biologically active components, the possibilities of their use in decontaminating pests were discussed. This review will shed light on future studies on the development of alternative products to chemicals used in the pest management.
Comparison of Insecticidal Activity of Three Essential Oil with A Synthetic Product
To see the comparison of insecticidal activity of the essential oils (Kanuka, Ravintsara and Tea tree) on the aphid green alfalfa and the synthetic product, we conducted tests on these oils and the synthetic product Malyphos most used by farmers in our region. For this purpose, fields of green alfalfa parasitized by aphids were treated with different doses of this product and of these oils as a function of time. During the summer when there is a large number of aphids and after a controlled time we were determined the percentage mortality for this parasite versus time and dose of the product synthesis and of these oils. Comparison of the insecticidal activity between the product Malyphos and these essential oils has revealed the role of these natural extracts on the limitation of chemical insecticides and their possible use as naturalness without side effects on human health and the environment.
The potential of botanical essential oils for insect pest control
Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 1997
Today,Insect Pest management (IPM) has to face up to the economic andecological consequences of the use of pest control measures.Fifty years of sustained struggle against harmful insects usingsynthetic and oil-derivative molecules has produced perversesecondary effects (mammalian toxicity, insect resistance andecological hazards). The diversification of the approachesinherent in IPM is necessary for better environmental protection.Among the alternative strategies, the use of
Toxicity and repellent effect of essential oils and a major component against Lipaphis erysimi
Journal of Crop Protection, 2017
Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aerial parts of Aster indamellus Grierson, Calamintha umbrosa Benth. and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pres. were analyzed by GC, GC/MS. The major acetylenic constituent (cis-lachnophyllum ester) of E. annuus was isolated and characterized by 1 H and 13 C-NMR spectra. Their toxicity and repellent effect against Lipaphis erysimi was tested. Oils of E. annuus and C. umbrosa exhibited higher toxicity on direct spray and by fumigation. LC 50 value of E. annuus oil was 0.43 mg/ml as direct spray. By fumigation, LC 50 value for E. annuus was 1.29 ml/l air, while for C. umbrosa; it was 1.00 ml/l air. With acetylenic ester, about half of L. erysimi were killed at 10 mg/ml approximately within 13.25 h, while with E. annuus oil the LT 50 value was approximately 8.89 h. In conclusion, the EO of E. annuus and its acetylenic constituent have potential as biopesticide for economically important crop pests.