Elemental Composition and Concentration of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Kuwait (original) (raw)
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The evaluation of heavy metals concentration related to PM10 in ambient air of Ahvaz city, Iran
Airborne particulate matter along with volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, and other compounds have raised many concerns to many countries including Iran. In this study, the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Al) associated with PM10 have been investigated during normal and dusty days from September to February 2012. The mean PM10 concentrations on the normal days in the winter and autumn were 189.4109 and 116.5087 µgm -3 , respectively. PM10 concentrations during dusty days for the winter and autumn were 741.6467 and 410 µgm -3 , respectively. The heavy metals concentrations are vary in different days of a month. Enrichment factors (EF) are used to determine and assess the source type of released heavy metals in particulate matter. The results of EFS analysis showed that Al metal had low enrichment suggesting crustal origin, whereas Zn (zinc) and Pb (lead) metals were appeared to result from non-crustal sources such as vehicular and industrial emissions because of their high enrichment factors. Results of the present study revealed that the concentrations of PM10 were higher than the reliable standards for the two studied seasons.
Trends in Sciences
Particulate matter (PM) significantly influences air quality, visibility, climate change, the earth’s radiative balance, and human health. The significance of carrying out this investigation in its entirety is due to the small amount of data that has been collected and published in Qassim region (26.2078º N, 43.4837º E). Understanding the origins of PM and its chemical species in Qassim districts is advantageous for the purpose of identifying impacts on one’s health Characterization of pollution sources also will assist in the success of mitigation strategies and solve the issue of increased PM concentrations in outdoor areas. Therefore, this study described the physical and chemical properties of PM by measuring the PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations in Qassim’s central urban and rural areas. In urban Qassim, the average PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were 12.23, 33.16, and 155.38 µg/m3, respectively. On the other hand, the average PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations reached ...
PM2.5 and PM10 atmospheric particulate material samples were collected from Irbid city, Northern Jordan using a dichotomous air sampler. Collected samples were digested and analyzed for 17 elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, V and Zn) using ICP-OES. Levels of measured elements were compared to concentrations in many other locations worldwide. Concentrations of most elements are in the lower limits of the reported values for urban and suburban sites. Elements of natural sources; Al, Ca, Fe, and P have higher concentrations compared to other cities worldwide. Results indicated that, elements of crustal origin are associated with the coarse particles, while elements of anthropogenic origins are more associated with fine particles. Crustal enrichment factor calculations showed that concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Sb, and Ag are highly enriched and As, Cu, Co, Ca, and Ni are moderately enriched. Factor analysis calculations permitted the identification of thr...
The Study of PM10 Concentration and Trace Metal Content in Different Areas of Karachi, Pakistan
Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences, 2017
Atmospheric particulate matter may exert serious health hazards because of its chemicalcharacteristics. Aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with anaerodynamic diameter <10 mm (PM10), and air transmitted particulate trace metals in different areas ofKarachis ambient air, for the period of 01 year viz. June 2011 to June 2012. Furthermore, the present workcompares the levels of particulate matter and trace metals with the proposed limiting values from the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (65 mg/m3 for PM10). The sampling for PM10 was performed by usinga high volume air sampler. The PM10 levels were determined by gravimetry and the metals by graphitefurnace. Arithmetic means of 361.0 mg/m3 was determined for PM10 in commercial areas, 275.0 mg/m3 inresidential areas, 438.0 mg/m3 in industrial areas and 68.9 mg/m3 in background areas of Karachi. Tracemetal content in PM10, such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were also analysed separately ...
Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2018
In this study, PM concentrations and elemental (Al, Fe, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pb, and Bi) contents of particles were determined in Düzce, Turkey. The particulate matter samplings were carried out in the winter and summer seasons simultaneously in both urban and sub-urban sampling sites. The average PM concentration measured in the winter season was 86.4 and 27.3 μg/m, respectively, in the urban and sub-urban sampling sites, while it was measured as 53.2 and 34.7 μg/m in the summer season. According to the results, it was observed that the PM levels and the element concentrations reached higher levels, especially at the urban sampling site, in the winter season. The positive matrix factorization model (PMF) was applied to the data set for source apportionment. Analysis with the PMF model revealed six factors for both the urban (coal combustion, traffic, oil combustion, industry, biomass combustion, and soil) and sub-urban (industry, oil combus...
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
Exposure to air pollution in general and Particulate Matter (PM) and its constituents, in particular, can be extremely harmful to human health. Given the importance of PM and its constituents concerning human health, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of PM 2.5 and some HMs in the atmosphere of Makkah City, Saudi Arabia, and assess the health risks associated with exposure to HMs. The 24-h mean concentration of PM 2.5 in Makkah city was 38.0±13.5 µg/m 3 which exceeded the WHO air quality guidelines and national ambient air quality standard of Saudi Arabia. The average concentrations of HMs were Mn (54.3±13.3 ng/m 3)>Pb (40.3±9.2 ng/m 3)>As (27.8±4.1 ng/m 3)>Ni (20.5±12.9 ng/m 3)> Cr (18.2±6.2 ng/m 3)>Cd (13.0±3.1 ng/m 3). The non-carcinogenic risks (non-CRs) and carcinogenic risks (CRs) associated with exposure to measured HMs were analyzed using hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), respectively. Arsenic was found to be the major contributor to health risk and oral ingestion was found to be the most detrimental pathway of exposure to HMs. For future research, it is recommended to evaluate the HMs and their health risks in various environmental media in different Saudi cities.
Impact of mineral components and selected trace metals on ambient PM10 concentrations
Atmospheric Environment, 2009
a b s t r a c t PM10 levels of the mineral components Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg and some trace metals were measured at three different sites in the urban area of Vienna (Austria). Observed trace metal concentrations varied between less than 0.1 ng m À3 (Cd) and approximately 200 ng m À3 (Zn), mineral components showed enhanced concentrations ranging from 0.01 mg m À3 (Ca) to 16.3 mg m À3 (Si). The contribution of the respective mineral oxides to PM10 mass concentrations accounted on average for 26.4 AE 16% (n ¼ 1090) of the PM10 mass, with enhanced rates in spring and autumn (monthly averages of up to 40%) and decreased contributions in the cold season (monthly averages below 10%). The atmospheric occurrence of Al, Ti and Sr could be assigned to crustal sources, whereas for the elements Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn and V an increased contribution of non-crustal origin was observed. PM10 levels of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn were predominantly derived from man-made emissions. Intersite comparison indicated that urban PM10 mass concentrations and PM10 levels of As, Pb and Zn were predominantly influenced from the transport of aerosols from outside into the city, whereas for the elements Ba, Mg, Ca, Cu and Fe a distinctly increased impact of local emissions was observed. The contribution of these urban emissions to total PM10 concentrations was estimated by calculating the so-called ''urban impact'', which was found to be 32.7 AE 18% (n ¼ 392) in the case of PM10 mass concentrations. The investigated elements accounted on average for 31.3 AE 19% (n ¼ 392) of the observed PM10 mass increase. The mean values for the ''urban impacts'' of individual elements varied between 25.5% (As) and 77.0% (Ba).
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2019
This study presents for the first time, the results of a one-year measurement campaign on ambient PM 10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm) at an urban site at Zouaghi, in the south of Constantine, Algeria. The main objective of this work was to provide PM10 mass concentrations, a chemical characterization of atmospheric particles and their seasonal variation and to identify the sources of chemical elements in the PM 10. To accomplish the goal, enrichment factors (EFs), inter-element correlations, elemental ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) were used for the first time in Constantine. A total of 66 PM samples were collected during a sampling campaign which extended from January 2015 to February 2016. The PM 10 samples were analyzed for a total of 48 elements by ICP-AES and ICP-MS for major elements and trace elements respectively. Enrichment factor analysis indicated that Pb, Sb, Cd, Bi, As, and Zn were mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. The ratios of Cu/Sb, Ca/Al, Zn/Pb, La/Ce and V/Ni were calculated and compared to those being reported in previous studies. A significantly higher Ca/Al ratio was dominant indicating the influence of construction dust, while a low Zn/Pb ratio was the consequence of high Pb concentrations resulting from the use of leaded gasoline. Principal component analysis allowed to identify four main groups of sources: crustal aerosol for Al, Fe, Ti, Li, Mg, Ba, Sr and rare earth elements (REEs) (47%), soil and road resuspension for Cr, As,
Toxin Reviews, 2018
This study reports on the characteristics, sources, and health risks of atmospheric PM 10-bound heavy metals (HMs) on citizenship living in different regions of Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran were investigated during 2016-2017. A total of 84 samples were analyzed from different regions: (S1) industrial, (S2) high traffic, and (S3) residential. Blood samples were collected from people who came to the east health center of Ahvaz. High volume air samplers, equipped with quartz fiber filters (8 Â 10) were utilized for sampling in this study. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was also used for HMs. Risk assessment and hazard index of these pollutants were estimated, using USEPA's exposure parameters. Based on the results, the highest and the lowest concentration of HM were observed in industrial and residential areas. Blood's HMs concentration for chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were 2.932, 4.199, 8.425, and 71.2 lg/dL, respectively. In conclusion, increasing exposure concentration of HMs would have a significant potential for increased cancer and risk of diseases. The results of this study show that increasing exposure concentration to HM in the studied scenarios have a significant potential for generating different health endpoints, although exposing to HMs led to generating diseases in individuals particularly in polluted and populated districts; so, environmental measures should be considered by urban air authorities to mitigate the concentration of these pollutants in ambient air.
Atmosphere, 2022
In this paper, atmospheric water-soluble cation and anion contents of PM10 are analysed in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. PM10 samples were collected at five sites for a whole year. PM10 concentrations (µg/m3) ranged from 82.11 to 739.61 at Aziziyah, 65.37 to 421.71 at Sanaiyah, 25.20 to 466.60 at Misfalah, 52.56 to 507.23 at Abdeyah, and 40.91 to 471.99 at Askan. Both daily and annual averaged PM10 concentrations exceeded WHO and Saudi Arabia national air quality limits. Daily averaged PM10 concentration exceeded the national air quality limits of 340 µg/m3, 32% of the time at Aziziyah, 8% of the time at Sanaiyah, and 6% of the time at the other three sites. On average, the cations and anions made a 37.81% contribution to the PM10 concentrations. SO42−, NO3−, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl− contributed 50.25%, 16.43%, 12.11%, 11.12%, and 8.70% to the total ion concentrations, respectively. The minor ions (F−, Br−, Mg2+, NO2−, and PO43−) contributed just over 1% to the ion mass. Four principal components...