Flood Resilience Community Pathfinder Evaluation Rapid Evidence Assessment (original) (raw)
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Flood Resilience Community Pathfinder Evaluation
The increase in the risk of flooding as a result of extreme weather and climate change makes it essential for local authorities and communities to engage with this issue. Defra is providing grant funding to 13 local authorities throughout England under a new Flood Resilience Community Pathfinder (FRCP) scheme aimed at stimulating community action to increase resilience. The measures being developed include property-level protection, flood resilience groups, volunteer flood wardens and community champions, engagement with more vulnerable groups and efforts to increase financial resilience. Collingwood Environmental Planning (CEP) and a consortium of expert project partners are conducting the evaluation of the Pathfinder scheme. Evaluating policy interventions like the FRCP scheme generates valuable information and contributes to a reliable understanding of which actions work and are effective. Rapid Evidence Assessments (REAs) or systematic reviews are integral to evaluations (HM Treasury, 2011) to provide the conceptual framework. They have been developed in the context of the rapid growth in quantity and availability of evidence specifically via electronic databases, together with the demand in government for transparency and accountability within evidence gathering (JWEG, 2013). REAs involve a systematic search for relevant literature guided by experts, based on: Clear criteria for inclusion and exclusion of documents and studies Measures of quality of research. This report provides details of the process and findings of the REA conducted for FRCP .
Community flood resilience assessment frameworks: a review
SN Applied Sciences, 2019
In response to the inadequacy of flood control infrastructures under uncertainties, building community resilience has become a vital concern in modern flood risk management for flood mitigation and recovery options. Relatedly, there has been growing recognition of the importance of community flood resilience measurement, and several tools to measure resilience have been introduced since the turn of this century. However, overall yield from resilience works can be compromised if the measurements do not conform to theoretical basis. By identifying evaluation methodology which takes the multifaceted nature of resilience into account, this study analyzed existing community flood resilience measurement tools. The results show that the importance of assessing and enhancing community competence in flood resilience building is unnoticed by the majority of the analyzed frameworks. Adopting a participatory approach and measurement under uncertainties are overlooked by a significant proportion of the frameworks. Moreover, issues of spatial and temporal interdependencies have received less attention. Consequently, the multi faceted nature of resilience appears inadequately addressed in existing frameworks, and measurements of community flood resilience tend to be inconsistent. The study would support efforts being made to improve consistency and effectiveness community flood resilience measurements and to operationalize the concept of resilience in flood disaster management.
Lessons Learned from Measuring Flood Resilience
2019
The Zurich Flood Resilience Alliance (ZFRA) has identified the measurement of resilience as a valuable ingredient in building community flood resilience. Measuring resilience is particularly challenging because it is an invisible or latent characteristic of a community until a flood occurs. The Flood Resilience Measurement for Communities (FRMC) framework measures “sources of resilience” before a flood happens and looks at the post-flood impacts afterwards. The FRMC is built around the notion of five types of capital (the 5Cs: human, social, physical, natural, and financial capital) and the 4Rs of a resilient system (robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity). The sources of resilience are graded based on Zurich’s Risk Engineering Technical Grading Standard. Results are displayed according to the 5Cs and 4Rs, the disaster risk management (DRM) cycle, themes and context level, to give the approach further flexibility and accessibility. In the first application phase (2013...
Development and testing of a community flood resilience measurement tool
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2016
Given the increased attention on resilience-strengthening in international humanitarian and development work, there is a growing need to invest in its measurement and the overall accountability of "resilience strengthening" initiatives. We present a framework and tool for measuring community level resilience to flooding, built around the five capitals (5Cs) of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. At the time of writing the tool is being tested in 75 communities across 10 countries. Currently 88 potential sources of resilience are measured at the baseline (initial state) and endline (final state) approximately two years later. If a flood occurs in the community during the study period, resilience outcome measures are recorded. By comparing pre-flood characteristics to post flood outcomes, we aim to empirically verify sources of resilience, something which has never been done in this field. There is an urgent need for the continued development of theoretically anchored, empirically verified and practically applicable disaster resilience measurement frameworks and tools so that the field may: a) deepen understanding of the key components of 'disaster resilience' in order to better target resilience enhancing initiatives, and b) enhance our ability to benchmark and measure disaster resilience over time, and compare how resilience changes as a result of different capacities, actions and hazards.
Methodology for Flood Resilience Index
2013
The number of people affected by flooding increases, the disruption of physical environment and urban communities by flood causes significant damages. It is understood that floods can not be stopped, but the reduction of damages and vulnerability of risk prone communities can be done. The need for a shift to a new approach within flood risk management resulted with integrated flood risk management. The shift from traditional flood risk management put a vulnerability of community in the focus. The way forward is leading to resilience, having in mind all challenges that are obstructing implementation of this new approach. The urban flood resilience methodology brings a new light on existing flood related problems that are urban communities face nowadays. This paper takes a first step in bringing resilience in integrated flood risk management through a framework that is employing five dimensions in order to evaluate the level of disturbance and ability to preserve and functioning durin...
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Three different conceptual frameworks of resilience, including engineering, ecological and social–ecological have been presented and framed within the context of flood risk management. Engineering resilience has demonstrated its value in the design and operation of technological systems in general and in flood resilient technologies in particular. Although limited to the technical domain, it has broadened the objectives of flood resilient technologies and provided guidance in improving their effectiveness. Socio-ecological resilience is conceived as a broader system characteristic that involves the interaction between human and natural systems. It acknowledges that these systems change over time and that these interactions are of complex nature and associated with uncertainties. Building (socio-ecological) resilience in flood risk management strategies calls for an adaptive approach with short-term measures and a set of monitoring criteria for keeping track of developments that migh...
Linking Flood and Flood Resilience Through Scientometric Review for Future Research
International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies
Flood resilience architecture is riddled with challenging and complicated issues. Few studies, meanwhile, have attempted to map the global research on this crucial area. The objectives of the study are connections among the stakeholders, the main areas of research, and the available direction in the body of knowledge. 635 document-related bibliographic records that were collected from Scopus were systematically and quantitatively analysed using the scientific mapping method. The findings showed that the top 3 keywords most frequently used in the field were floods, flood control, and flooding. The top 3 least discussed topics/issues were decision-making, rain, and urban resilience. This study's main contribution and distinction come from its status as the first to present an inclusive, comprehensive, and overall overview of the examined literature. By identifying key research topics, journals, institutions, and countries, as well as how these are connected within currently access...
Flood Resilience Index - Methodology And Application
In recent years the number of people affected by flooding processes increases up to the point where the organizational structure of urban communities threatens to experience the significant direct and indirect damages. The vulnerability to flooding processes due to sophisticated assets is high and the assessment of flood resilience becomes the main direction to follow within integrated flood risk management. This paper takes a first step in bringing resilience in integrated flood risk management through a framework that is employing five dimensions in order to evaluate the level of disturbance and ability to preserve and function during and after the flooding on one side and connected with the flood risk management cycle on the other side. The method recognizes different scales and functions within the urban system. The application is done on city of Nice taking into account existing flooding processes, economic, social and institutional characteristics.
Resilience in Flood Risk Management – A New Communication Tool
Procedia Engineering, 2016
Natural hazards, floods especially nowadays stand as the most frequent one posing huge damages to urban environment and urban communities. The need to reshape existing urban systems and make them able to accept a certain level of disturbance becomes important. Knowing that urban systems have dynamic characteristic and that the changes are visible on daily level regarding new technologies brings a different light to evaluation of flood vulnerability and flood resilience. New trends and more sophisticated assets are not designed to accept disturbance of natural hazards, at least not all of them. This puts evaluation of flood resilience and flood vulnerability as one of focal factors in process of reshaping build environment, reducing vulnerability, preparing urban communities to accept flooding and to create flood friendly environment. Introduction of a new concept to stakeholders stand as a challenge for flood professionals. A developed tool enables evaluation of flood resilience index for whole urban system. Beside the build environment, stakeholders need education and organization. Proposed presentation enables better communication with the key stakeholders. This paper focuses on analysis of urban systems in Europe and in Asia. The method is a research outcome obtained within projects CORFU and PEARL (www.corfu7.eu; http://www.pearl-fp7.eu/). The research focuses also on examination of present flood management strategies and their effectiveness in decreasing flood damage and evaluation of flood resilience.