A Review of the Dermatological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (original) (raw)
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Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients with COVID-19: A Review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic after its emergence in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 causes a wide range of clinical manifestations involving multiple organ systems. After the first report of cutaneous manifestation by Dr. Recalcati, the role of dermatologists in the management of COVID-19 has increased, skin involvement in COVID-19 have been higher than expected. In this article, we have reviewed the skin presentations in COVID-19 by analyzing the published literature in PubMed and Google scholar, using the search terms “COVID-19” and “dermatological presentation”. Petechial rash, livedo reticularis, vesicular eruptions, morbilliform rash, and erythema multiforme-like rash have been observed in many patients. Newly reported eruptions like vascular lesions and peculiar (perniosis-like) skin lesions could be of concern. There is also a need to differentiate these lesions from drug reactions. Given the high mortality rate of the infection, timely and accurate identification of relevant cutaneous manifestations could help physicians in the early diagnosis and management, triage of patients, and risk stratification. Associated symptoms, latency time, treatment, and prognosis are also summarized in this manuscript.
The dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19: a mini-review
Annals of proteomics and bioinformatics, 2021
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identifi ed in Wuhan, China, and caused coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), which is still a global pandemic. Dermatologic manifestations have increasingly been identifi ed as signifi cant extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. The dermatologic manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection reported to date include maculopapular rash, vesicular lesions, urticaria-like lesions, and chilblain-like lesions. Knowledge of dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19 may be essential for early diagnosis and a better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. This review summarizes the current understanding of common COVID-19-associated dermatologic manifestations.
Dermatologic Manifestation Of COVID-19: Review Of Case Series Review Article
SciDoc Publishers, 2021
Our literature review identified several common types of cutaneous eruptions associated with COVID-19 with different proposed pathophysiological mechanisms for inflammatory and vascular rashes. This review is limited by its data sources which includes only case series as well as the fact that at this stage in the pandemic, little biomolecular research has been conducted to definitively associate SARS-CoV-2 infection with cutaneous manifestations.
Pathobiology of Cutaneous Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 and Their Management
Viruses
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a rising concern since its declaration as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Recently, its association with multiple underlying organs has been identified that includes cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, nervous systems, and cutaneous manifestations. Cutaneous COVID-19 findings have been supposedly classified into the following categories: vesicular (varicella-like), papulo-vesiculsar, chilblains-like (“COVID toes”) maculopapular, and urticarial morphologies. In this review, we aim to focus on the proposed pathophysiology behind the various dermatological manifestations associated with COVID-19 and their associated management. We also included prevalence and clinical features of the different COVID-19-related skin lesions in our review. A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was performed in PubMed databases. Data from case reports, ...
Cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID‐19: a preliminary review of an emerging issue
British Journal of Dermatology, 2020
Background The infection caused by the recently identified SARS-CoV-2, called coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), has rapidly spread throughout the world. With the exponential increase of patients worldwide, the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is being better defined and new symptoms are emerging. Numerous reports are documenting the occurrence of different cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19. Objectives To provide a brief overview of cutaneous lesions associated with COVID-19. Methods A literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to 30 April 2020. This narrative review summarizes the available data regarding the clinical and histological features of COVID-19-associated skin manifestations. Results The literature reports showed a great heterogeneity in COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations, as well as in their latency periods and associated extracutaneous symptoms. Pathogenic mechanisms are unknown, although the roles of a hyperactive immune response, complement activation and microvascular injury have been hypothesized. Based on our experience and the literature data, we subdivided the reported cutaneous lesions into six main clinical patterns: (i) urticarial rash; (ii) confluent erythematous-maculopapular-morbilliform rash; (iii) papulovesicular exanthem; (iv) chilblain-like acral pattern; (v) livedo reticularis-livedo racemosa-like pattern; and (vi) purpuric 'vasculitic' pattern. These six patterns can be merged into two main groups: the firstinflammatory and exanthematousincludes the first three groups listed above, and the second includes the vasculopathic and vasculitic lesions of the last three groups. Conclusions The possible presence of cutaneous findings leading to suspect COVID-19 puts dermatologists in a relevant position. Further studies are needed to delineate the diagnostic and prognostic values of such cutaneous manifestations. What is already known about this topic? • The infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2, called coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), has rapidly spread throughout the world, becoming pandemic. • The heterogeneous spectrum of COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations is based on preliminary reports of different types of skin lesions, leading to a need for clarity. What does this study add? • A summary of the clinical and histological features of COVID-19-associated skin manifestations is provided.
Dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19: a systematic review
International Journal of Research in Dermatology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, causing disease known as COVID-19, has been associated with a myriad of symptoms, including dermatological ones. Despite there has been a consensus on pulmonary and systemic signs and symptoms of COVID-19, the same cannot be said of dermatological ones. We write in attempt to find a common theme of dermatological manifestations of COVID-19. We conducted literature searches from Medline databases as well as Google Scholar using keywords “cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19” and “dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19”. We included case series in our pooled descriptive analysis to describe types of cutaneous eruptions, localizations, and associated symptoms among COVID-19 patients with confirmed real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. We included 12 case series in our pooled analyses with 2 more analyzed separately due to non-comparable data presentations. The results identified common types of cu...
Cutaneous Manifestations in COVID-19: Report on 31 Cases from Five Countries
Biology, 2021
The increasingly frequent cutaneous manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remain to pose a problem to clinicians. Herein, we aimed to describe the clinical and pathological findings of skin lesions in patients with COVID-19. The case series, which was based on the International Dermatological Registry circulated to dermatologists worldwide, was conducted across organizations and societies belonging to five different countries. We documented 31 patients with dermatologic manifestations associated with COVID-19, including maculopapular rashes (16.10%), urticarial lesions (26.80%), pseudochilblains (22.60%), petechiae/purpura (6.50%), distal ischaemia and necrosis (6.50%), livedo racemosa (12.90%), and others (9.70%). Twenty-six cases (83.90%) were qRT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases, two (6.50%) were serologically confirmed, while two others (9.7%) were suspected cases owing to previous contact with COVID-19-positive patients. Therefore, our findings indicate that a febrile ra...
Cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19: A case report
Balıkesir Medical Journal, 2022
COVID-19 disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) results in several manifestations involving the lungs, upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and hematological system. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, skin lesions were observed. These lesions resolve rapidly on treatment with corticoid creams and antihistamines. In this report, we present a case of COVID-19 with cutaneous manifestations.
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 2020
Purpose of Review COVID-19 (coronavirus viral disease 2019), due to the novel SARS-CoV-2, may present with different types of cutaneous manifestations of varying pathophysiology. During the ongoing pandemic, publications reporting dermatologic findings in COVID-19 continue to emerge. Recent Findings Cutaneous vasculopathy and microthrombus-related changes including acral and sacral lesions, retiform purpura, livedo reticularis, and cutaneous vasculitis are notable findings in adult patients. Other exanthems include urticaria or angioedema, morbilliform/maculopapular exanthems, erythema multiforme, and vesicular eruptions. Increased recognition of these findings, especially those consistent with cutaneous microthrombi or vasculitis, is of particular importance. Additionally, occupational dermatologic disease related to extended personal protective equipment (PPE) use, such as skin damage and irritant or allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), represents another emerging problem amidst the pandemic. Summary In this review, we highlight the various cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 in adult patients and occupational dermatitis in health care workers (HCWs) caring for this patient population. Keywords COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2. Cutaneous manifestations. Dermatologic. Rash. Contact dermatitis Abbreviations AAD American Academy of Dermatology ACD Allergic contact dermatitis ACE2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 AD Atopic dermatitis AGEP Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome COVID-19 Coronarvirus viral disease 2019 CSSV Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation DiHS/DRESS Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms HCW Health care worker ICD Irritant contact dermatitis ITP Immune thrombocytopenic purpura PPE Personal protective equipment PT Patch test RT-PCR Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 SDRIFE Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema This article is part of the Topical Collection on Allergic Skin Diseases