Analytics vs. Elements (original) (raw)

Revista de Humanidades de Valparaíso

En este documento, presento una interpretación general de los Primeros y Segundos Analíticos de Aristóteles que podría expresar, para decirlo en pocas palabras, el punto de vista de que los Analíticos de Aristóteles son analíticos. Es decir, no establecen procesos progresivos o constructivos, en los que, dadas ciertas premisas, términos o reglas fundamentales, uno podría avanzar y sacar conclusiones o incluso construir un cuerpo sistemático de conocimiento sobre la base de estos principios. Más bien, describen un retroceso, a partir de una conclusión propuesta o provisional y preguntando qué premisas podrían (o podrían mejor) ser utilizadas para deducir, apoyar, probar o explicar.

Interpreting Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics in Late Antiquity and the Byzantine Period

2011

Recent years have seen the publication of a number of collective volumes studying the fate of particular Aristotelian works through the centuries. The present volume is a welcome addition to the bibliography. Its 10 essays are arranged in three parts: (1) Concept Formation in Posterior Analytics II 19, (2) Metaphysics as a Science, and (3) Demonstration, Definition and Causation.

Review of Striker's 2009 Oxford UP translation of Aristotle's Prior Analytics I

The author of this translation and commentary, is a prolific and respected scholar, a leading figure in a large and still rapidly growing area of scholarship: Prior Analytics studies PAS. PAS treats many aspects of Aristotle's Prior Analytics: historical context, previous writings that influenced it, preservation and transmission of its manuscripts, editions of its manuscripts, interpretations, commentaries, translations, and its influence on subsequent logic, philosophy, and mathematics. All this attention is warranted because Prior Analytics marks the origin of logic: the field that, among other things, asks of a given proposition whether it follows from a given set of propositions; and, if it follows, how we determine that it follows; and, if it does not follow, how we determine that it does not follow. Striker is currently Professor of Philosophy and Classics at Harvard University. Her doctoral supervisor was Günther Patzig, the most noted German scholar in this area. His im...

Prior Analytics and Aristotle's Commitment to Logos

1996

It is evident from the character of his extensive philosophical writings that Aristotle was animated by a profound commitment to logos and to the centrality of reason in human life. We can, first of all, recognize Aristotle's commanding commitments to discovering truth and to establishing knowledge, whether in the natural sciences, in metaphysics, or in ethics and politics. While "all men by nature desire to know", Aristotle is exemplary in aspiring to realize wisdom, to possess genuine "knowledge of causes and first principles". It is little wonder that St. Thomas was fond of calling him "the philosopher". Secondly, we see that Aristotle expressed his commitment to logos by affirming the principle that nature in its diversity and human beings in their complexity are indeed comprehensible. He writes in Metaphysics 1.2: The acquisition of this knowledge [epistêmê] may rightly be regarded as not suited for man. ... God may alone have this prerogative, and it is fitting that a man should seek only such knowledge as becomes him [and not, as the poets say, arouse the gods' jealousy]. But we should not believe in divine jealousy; for it is proverbial that bards tell many lies, arid we ought to regard nothing more worthy of honor than such knowledge. ... This science alone may be divine, and in a double sense: for a science which God would most appropriately have is divine among the sciences; and one whose object is divine, if such there be, is likewise divine. (982b28-983a7; emphasis added) Perhaps Aristotle can be appreciated in this respect as sharing the Enlightenment's spirit of daring to know and its optimistic confidence in reason's ability to establish objective knowledge. We can see, furthermore, from the mission statement of the Analytics 'to inquire about demonstration and about demonstrative science' (24al0-l 1), that Aristotle was committed to representing the truth iritelligibly and honestly. Posterior Analytics in particular is concerned with the organization and presentation of the results of scientific study-each science is to be axiomatized in order to make its subject matter intelligible and thus accessible. Aristotle remarks in Metaphysics 1.2 that 'wisdom pertains to scientific knowledge of that which is most intelligible, namely, of causes and first principles, since it is through them that any given subject matter becomes intelligible'. From this we can understand his other remarks 2 J. Lukasiewicz takes Aristotle's letters 'A ', 'B ', 'C', 'Μ', 'Ν ', 'X ', 'P', 'R', and 'S' to be non-logical variables for which only universal terms may be substitùted (see J. Lukasiewicz 1958: 7-9; cf. G. Patzig 1968: 12-13). The ia \ 'e ', 7 ', and 'o ' are our abbreviations for Aristotle's logical constants (see below section 4 and n7). The '& ' and 'z>' are symbols (not Lukasiewicz's notation) for familiar logical constants o f propositional logic. , 3 An argumentation is a three part system consisting in a chain o f reasoning in addition to premises and conclusion and is either cogent, in which case it is a deduction, or fallacious, in which case it is a fallacy. An argument pattern is a two part system consisting in a set o f sentence patterns in a role analogous to the premise-set o f an argument and a single sentence pattern in the analogous role o f conclusion. An argument is said to fit or to be an

Understanding, Explanation and Insight in Aristotle's Posterior Analytics

Exegesis and Argument, 1973

The Posterior Analytics, like the Theaetetus, is an essay on e0 pisth/ mh, or understanding. For Aristotle, e0 pisth/ mh is, in broadest terms, the explanatory art; one who understands is someone able to explain what he understands. In this sense, e0 pisth/ mh is, as Aristotle repeatedly urges, a discursive disposition or habit of soul, a e3 cij, the locus of whose e0 ne/ rgeia is in the activity of a0 po/ deicij, an activity which I shall with qualification call in English "explanation." The explanatory art presupposes another sort of understanding, nou= j, which is itself a e3 cij, and whose nature and connection to e0 pisth/ mh is complex and subtle.

Aristotelian Fundamentals of the Practice of Knowledge and Information.

Aristotelian Thinking. Impact on the Technological Evolution and Social Progress. , 2017

The Posterior Analytics undertakes to analyze what science is, and how to use language, logos, as an instrument, an organon, to formulate and express it. In the Posterior Analytics Aristotle thus answers the question raised in the Theatetus: What is επιστήμη, science? Aristotle’s answer is we have genuine science, επιστήμη, when we can state in precise language not only that things are so, ότι, but also why they are as they are, διότι, and why they have to be that way. We possess science when we can prove and demonstrate statements about things and states of affairs by relating those statements to other statements of which they are the necessary consequences. ISBN 978-3-9503983-3-2. Copyright by IAFeS Publisher: IAFeS – International Association for eScience. (Network Entities) Piraeus University of Applied Sciences (P.U.A.S), Athens May 4 - 6, 2017 Volume 5 „IAFeS Edition“ „Aristotelian Thinking Impact on the Technological Evolution and Social Progress 15th NETTIES Conference“

Prior Analytics and Aristotle\u27s Commitment to Logos

1996

Prior Analytics describes a natural deduction system as part of an underlying logic. It is a proof-theoretic treatise concerned principally to establish and to perfect a deduction system for science. Aristotle knew that deductions about matters pertaining to a given subject matter are content specific and that they employ a topic neutral deduction system; such a system makes evident that given sentences logically follow from other given sentences. One process of deduction is accomplished through taking pairs of given categorical sentences to generate immediate inferences according to prescribed rules, which categorical inferences are then added to the given sentences and then again taken in pairs, to wit, syllogistically, until a final conclusion is obtained (see esp. A25). This process is treated in Prior Analytics in an exactly analogous fashion as chaining immediate inferences by using rules of propositional logic

Posterior Analytics and the Endoxic Method in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics VII

Eirene. Studia Graeca Et Latina, 2022

This paper revisits Aristotle’s discussion of akrasia in NE VII. 1–10. I try to offer a scientific reading of the book, according to which NE VII. 1–10 closely instantiates the main guidelines of Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics. I propose that NE VII. 1–2, which aims to establish the fact that akrasia exists, corresponds to the ὅτι-stage of an Aristotelian scientific inquiry, and NE VII. 3–10, which aims to explain both the cause and the object of akrasia, corresponds to the διότι-stage of the inquiry.