The role of alignment in morphology and prosody : the case of Polish (original) (raw)
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ZAS papers in linguistics, 2000
The present paper investigates the relationship between the morphological word and the prosodie word in Polish sequences consisting of proclitics and lexical words. Let us start by examining the placement of primary and secondary stresses in the phrases given in (1) in careful Polish.! Stressed syllables are marked below by capitalizing the appropriate vowels: (I) a. pO after polowAniu hunting.loc.sg 'after the hunting' b. dIA nieszczt(snlka for wretch.gen.sg 'for the/a wretched person' In (2) the phrases from (l) are represented as sequences of feet. The digit I stands for the primary stress and 2 for secondary (or tertiary) stresses (as in Kraska-Szlenk 1995 or Rubaeh and Booij 1985). Polish words have penultimate stress, i.e. a prosodie word (henceforth PW d) has a prominent trochaic foot at the right edge. 2 Following McCarthy and Prince (1993) and Selkirk (1995), I assurne that feet are binary and that some unstressed syllables remain unparsed, i.e.-10in (2a) and-szczes-in (2b). (2) a. (2 0) 0 (1 0) b. (2 0) o (I 0) po po 10 wa niu (=Ia) dIa me szezt(s ni ka (= 1 b) The monosyllabie preposition and the initial syllable of the host in eaeh phrase in (2) form a foot. MeCarthy and Prince (1993:129) assert that '[b]y the Prosodie Hierarehy, no foot can , This is a revised version of the talk given at the workshop 'Das Wort in der Phonologie' during the 22"d meeting of the Linguislic Associalion of Germany (DGfS) in Marburg in March 2000. I would like to express my gratitude to the participants of thc workshop for their questions and remarks, and to thc editors of the present volume for their help in preparing the final version of the manuscript. I am particularly indebted to GraZyna Rowicka and Marzena Rochon for reading carefully an earlier version of the paper. I would also like to thank Geert Booij and Gienek Cyran for their comments. I am alone responsible for any remaining eITors. 1 Thc phrases quoted hefe from Polish occur in their standard orthographie; form. Thc letter 'w' is used to represent a voiced labiodental fricative (i.e. the sound transcribed as [vJ in IPA transcription). The letter 'I' represents a labia-velar semivowel (i.c. [w] in IPA transcription) and 'j' stands a palatal semivowel. The digraph 'eh' is used for a voiceless velar fricative [xl. The digraphs 'cz' and 'dt' stand for post-alveolar affricates (voieeless and voiced, respeetively). Dental-alveolar affrieates are represented in spelling as 'c' (voiceless) and 'dz' (voiced). Post-alveolar tricalives are spelIed 'sz' (voiceless) and 'z' (voiced, with the variant spelling being 'rz'). Prepalatal equivalents of dental-alveolar and post-alveolar consonants are represented as sequences of such consonants and the letter 'i' (e.g. 'i', 'zi') or as the symbols 's', 't', 'c', 'dt' and 'TI'. The letter 'y' stands for a high central vowel. Nasal vowels are spelIed ''I' (back) and ',' (front). 2 A useful discussion of stress pattern in Polish can be found in Hayes (1995).