Antibacterial activity of Acacia nilotica and Jatropha curcas plants leave extracts against multi-drug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (original) (raw)

With an elevated increase in the emergence of multidrug resistance strains of different kinds of virulent Pathogenic Bacteria to various kinds of antibiotics worldwide, which has ultimately became a serious medical and economic public health issues in Nigeria and other African Countries. It however remains a serious medical, economic and social problem. This necessitates the need for finding novel antimicrobial agents, especially from natural systems like ethno-medicinal plants with minimal pathogenic resistance and therapeutic side effects. This research is aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of Acacia nilotica and Jatropha curcas ethno-medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. A. nilotica and J. curcas leaves were extracted using chloroform, to get the crude extracts of the various plants material. One hundred and fifty (150) clinical and environmental samples each, were collected for the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus each. The antibiogram profile and resistance level of the isolated strains was ascertain using the standard disc diffusion bioassay. Multi-drug resistance genes; BLA-TEM, BLA-SHV and CTX-M presence were evaluated and also served as another form of selection protocol for extremely resistant strains of the selected pathogenic bacterial species. In-vitro and in-vivo bioassay was done to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the plants extracts on the most resistant strains of the two pathogenic bacteria. Tannins, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, quinones, phytosterols and phlobatanins were found present in these plants extracts. Eleven Pseudomonas aeruginosa and four Staphylococcus aureus extreme multi-drug resistance strains were successfully isolated and identified. The in-vitro bioassay reveals that J. curcas extracts has the highest antimicrobial activity against the various multi-drug resistant strains, while A. nilotica extract also maintains some level of activity against the resistant strains. The in-vivo bioassay reconfirmed the antibacterial effects of the plants, against all the resistant bacteria. Decoction of the plants extracts also proofs an even more effective activity on the resistant strains of both bacteria. J. curcas and A. nilotica plant extracts could provide an alternative pharmaceutics against multidrug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.