Dissociative Identity Disorder and Pseudo-Hysteria (original) (raw)

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) Article Review

This paper examines and reviews the article, “Personality Differences on the Rorschach of Dissociative Identity Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Psychotic Inpatients” (Brand, Armstrong, Loewenstein & McNary, 2009). Reviewing this article revealed a study conducted by the authors that used the Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS), with the hypothesis of theoretically and clinically being able to discriminate personality traits of clients diagnosed with DID, versus those diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and Psychotic Disorders (PSD). Their study also hypothesized the determination of variables such as reflecting capacity for working alliance, complexity of experience, and the ability to reason despite traumatic flooding. This author explores this specific empirical study in regards to how and why it was performed, as well as the efficacy of their chosen methods or procedures. This paper explains the relevancy of their findings, the strengths and weakness that were viewed during the course of analyzing this article. In closing, this author expounds on the importance and value of this type of empirical study and article to the field of psychology in general, as well as to this author’s training and education, and finally its marketability to the consumer. Key Terms: Borderline Personality Disorder; Dissociative Identity Disorder; Psychotic Disorder, Rorschach Test.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) w/ annotated bibliography

Abstract This paper is a literature review of present-day instruments and evaluations that are used to diagnose dissociative identity disorder (DID). The paper examines current literature that evaluate different tests and evaluations for DID. Each article review contains the name of the test, what it is used for, a description of the test, the test’s validity and reliability, determination if the test is adequate for DID, ethical considerations in the research, and what the reviewers said, positive and negative about the test. The paper concludes with a synthesis of current scientific knowledge and informed clinical procedures from the measurements presented and provides recommendations for future research.

Revisiting False-Positive and Imitated Dissociative Identity Disorder

Frontiers in Psychology, 2021

ICD-10 and DSM-5 do not provide clear diagnosing guidelines for DID, making it difficult to distinguish ‘genuine’ DID from imitated or false-positive cases. This study explores meaning which patients with false-positive or imitated DID attributed to their diagnosis. 85 people who reported elevated levels of dissociative symptoms in SDQ-20 participated in clinical assessment using the Trauma and Dissociation Symptoms Interview, followed by a psychiatric interview. The recordings of six women, whose earlier DID diagnosis was disconfirmed, were transcribed and subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Five main themes were identified: (1) endorsement and identification with the diagnosis. (2) The notion of dissociative parts justifies identity confusion and conflicting ego-states. (3) Gaining knowledge about DID affects the clinical presentation. (4) Fragmented personality becomes an important discussion topic with others. (5) Ruling out DID leads to disappointment or ange...

Dissociative Phenomenology of Dissociative Identity Disorder

Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 2002

The goal of this study was to investigate the dissociative phenomenology of dissociative identity disorder (DID). The Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID) was administered to 34 patients with DID, 23 patients with dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS), 52 patients with mixed psychiatric disorders, and 58 normal individuals. DID patients obtained significantly higher scores than the other three groups on 27 dissociation-related variables. DDNOS patients had significantly higher scores than normals and mixed psychiatric patients on 17 and 15 dissociation-related variables, respectively. The findings of the present study are virtually identical to a large body of replicated findings about the dissociative phenomenology of DID. This broad range of dissociation-related phenomena, which routinely occurs in individuals with DID, is largely absent from the DSM-IV-TR account of DID. Factor analysis of the 11 dimensions of dissociation that are measured by the MID extracted only one factor that accounted for 85% of the variance. It was concluded that dissociation is a unifactorial taxon or natural type that has different aspects or epiphenomena (i.e., amnesia, depersonalization, voices, trance, etc.).

Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview

The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2014

Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the contextual challenges to its scientific investigation. The overview is limited to DID-specific research in which one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, (ii) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, (iii) comparisons were made with other samples, (iv) DID was differentiated from other disorders, including other dissociative disorders, (v) extraneous variables were controlled or (vi) DID diagnosis was confirmed. Following an examination of challenges to research, data are organised around the validity and phenomenology of DID, its aetiology and epidemiology, the neurobiological and cognitive correlates of the disorder, and finally its treatment. DID was found to be a complex yet vali...

Dissociative Identity Disorder Frequently Misdiagnosed

2006

P osttraumatic disorders have attracted increasing interest in psychiatry and psychotherapy in recent years. Various clinical syndromes, such as bordeline personality disorder, somatization disorder and dissociative identity disorder (DID), have been re-interpreted in the light of new findings in psychotraumatology. "Complex posttraumatic stress disorder" is now being postulated as a generalized diagnosis in order to appropriately categorize the consequences of severe childhood stress in the form of serious neglect and emotional, physical and sexual trauma (1). Although still at the research stage, the diagnosis is gaining acceptance in daily clinical practice, especially since it has valuable clinical implications. Patients thus diagnosed generally benefit well from trauma adapted therapy programs of the kind offered in a suitably modified form both by depth psychology and behavioural therapy practitioners (2). Whereas borderline personality disorder and somatization disorder may now be regarded as well accepted diagnoses, this is not yet sufficiently the case for DID (3, e1). In the ICD-10, DID is described as a rare condition (4), although it occurs with a similar incidence to borderline personality disorder. Studies suggest a DID prevalence of 0.5% to 1% in the general population and 5% in hospitalized psychiatric populations (e2-e14; for a review and discussion of the study results see [5]). Women are much more commonly affected than men with a ratio of 9:1 (4). Although the condition is by no means rare, it is either missed or frequently misdiagnosed (6; e15-e19). Consequently, these patients do not receive appropriate psychotherapy or do not benefit from it as expected because the underlying DID is overlooked. Early diagnosis, however, can allow disorder-specific psychotherapy to be instituted and thereby favourably influence the course of the disease (6). The purpose of this article is to review the current state of knowledge regarding DID and to raise awareness of this diagnosis both among general practitioners as well as psychiatrists and psychotherapists. The review is based both on the authors' clinical experience and the results of a systematic literature search in the most important medical and psychological literature databases (Medline, Psycinfo, Psyindex). The main standard works, review

Academic study that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder

2023

Dissociative Identity Disorder, commonly known as DID, is characterized by a disruption of anindividual's identity due to the presence of two or more identities that exist and have the potentialto take control of the person, also known as personality states. Signs of this condition are changesin behavior, awareness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning, as wellas a keen sense of spontaneous dissociation and agency. It is possible for the person to experiencerecurrent memory loss about normal, daily events, important personal information, and/ortraumatic experiences (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The symptoms of dissociative dentity disorder (DID) can be significant enough to cause suffering not only forthe person affected, but also for their family, friends, and the wider community. Comorbidconditions such as helplessness, anxiety, drug use, self-harm and non-epileptic seizures areoutcomes; moreover, seventy percent of outpatients tried suicide multiple times in addition to self-harm (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). They may suffer from deficits in awareness andforgetfulness, unaware that they may be suffering from dissociative identity disorder (DID), anunknown disease. This may be because they are not aware of their condition. There is a debate asto whether dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a real condition, and there is also a debate as towhy it occurs. Media presented DID; however, the way it is presented is not always correct andmay prove to be just a media gimmick to grab the public's attention and make the issue morecaptivating. According to Robert T. Muller (2013), fiction tends to overgeneralize and exaggeratethe situation, giving the public a false impression and concept that the disorder exists, and that thediagnosis is incorrect. For example, in films such as Raising Cain (1992), Fight Club (1999), SecretWindow (2004), the main character gradually transforms into someone with a more sinistermindset to achieve their most sinister goals.

Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Challenge For Researchers

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is the famous psychiatric condition which is controversial and often been confused and misunderstood over the years. It is previously known as multiple personality disorder. Some people believed it as a spiritual phenomenon, while the scientific community believes it to be a pathophysiological disorder. Various studies are conducted in search of pathophysiology of this mysterious condition, some studies shown results while some had failed. In this review, we had discussed the history of DID along with symptoms, diagnosis and pathophysiological nature of this disorder. We had also discussed possible treatment interventions for DID, with a focus on psychotherapy interventions and current psychopharmacology treatment. We hope, the studies which are currently ongoing will give positive results, and will be helpful to treat and manage the patients with DID successfully in the near future.