Effect of microstructure on wear behaviour of aluminium 2014 (Al2014) (original) (raw)
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The effect of precipitation-hardening conditions on wear behaviours at 2024 aluminium wrought alloy
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003
In this study, wear behaviours of 2024 aluminium wrought alloy were investigated in different tribological conditions based on its ageing conditions. For this purpose, the alloy aged in five different temperatures and periods (at room temperature for 1 week, at 120 • C for 24 h, at 150 • C for 18 h, at 160 • C for 16 h, at 200 • C for 2 h) was worn in pin-on disc model wear test apparatus using different abrasive grit size (5, 11, 18 and 30 m SiC papers). Furthermore, the effects of different sliding speeds (0.078, 0.156, 0.208 and 0.338 m s −1) and loads (6.45, 9, 9.3 and 11 N) on wear resistance were also examined. It was measured amounts of mass loss and examined worn surfaces. The mass loss of the specimens increased with load and the abrasive grit size.
Effect of heat treatment on wear behaviour of Al-7 wt%Si-X wt% Mg alloys
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020
Age-hardened as-cast aluminum alloys are being more and more used in the automobile industry because of their high strength, lightweight and low cost, which provide affordable improvement in fuel efficiency. In this current research, three different types of alloys are prepared by adding Mg (X = 1-5 wt%) with the Al-7 wt%Si master alloy. Prepared alloy samples were solution treated at a temperature of 535°C for 4 h followed by water quenching. Then ageing is done at 165°C with a span of 4 h. Wear tests were done by pin-on-disc wear testing instrument at normal load 10 N, 20 N, and 30 N, with varying sliding speed 200, 300, 400 rpm respectively for 5 min. Variation of wear with the applied load and sliding speed was studied from the experiment. It is noticed that decreases hardness value with the increasing content of Mg in Al-7 wt%Si+ (1-5 wt%) Mg alloy. Higher wear found with increasing normal load and sliding speed. Highest wear resistance (sliding wear) is seen in the Al-7 wt %Si-1 wt%Mg alloy sample. So heat treatment process improved the wear resistance. The worn surfaces are exhibited through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to check the wear mechanism. Both the adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism is present from the study. Out of which abrasive wear mechanism is a more prominent one.
Pin-on-disc characterization of 2xxx and 6xxx aluminium alloys aged by precipitation age hardening
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010
In this study, wear behaviors of aged aluminium AA 2024 and AA 6063 alloys were investigated. AA 2024 and AA 6063 aluminium alloys were solution treated at two different temperatures of 490 and 520 • C. Then all samples were cooled to room temperature. After this process, the samples were aged at three different temperatures (140 • C, 180 • C and 220 • C) for five different periods of time . The microstructures of the aged samples were examined by optical microscope, SEM-EDS and X-ray analysis. The hardness values of the aged samples were measured by microhardness tests. Wear tests were carried out on the pin-on-disc model wear test apparatus under sliding velocity at 2 m s −1 speed, 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 m sliding distances for 10, 20 and 30 N variable loads. The mass-loss values of the aged samples were tested by wear tests. As a result of this study, the hardness of the second phase precipitated samples was found to be higher than that of the as-cast samples and it increased with increasing the solution temperature and aging periods. The study also revealed that the wear rate and friction coefficient can be decreased with increasing the solution temperatures and aging periods.
The effects of artificial aging on wear properties of AA 6063 alloy
Materials Letters, 2003
Wear behaviour of age-hardened 6063 aluminium alloy was evaluated under dry sliding conditions. A certain part of the aluminium samples was solution treated at 510 jC for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h, water-quenched then aged at 180 jC for 4 h, and the other part was solution treated at 510 jC for 6 h, water-quenched then aged at 180 jC for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h in a muffle furnace. The as-cast and the aged samples were fully characterised before and after the wear testing using hardness, profilometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive detector (EDS). The wear tests using on a pin-on-disc machine showed that the aging treatments improved the wear behaviour of AA 6063 alloy compared to as-cast samples. D
2009
Semisolid AlSiMg casting alloys are attractive alternatives for automotive and aeronautical applications. In this work the effects of heat treatments on hardness and tribological properties of A356 aluminium alloy obtained by Sub-Liquidus Casting (SLC) were studied. The optimum heat treatment conditions, in which the material presents the maximum hardening and wear resistance values, were determined. Heat treatment conditions investigated included: A356 SLC as cast, T5 and T6. Furthermore, AC-46500 and A6061/T6 were analyzed for comparison. The tribological properties of the samples were investigated by pin-on-disc tests at 5 N and 0.05 and 0.1 m·s -1 in dry conditions. The samples were studied by SEM-EDX techniques in order to determine the wear mechanisms and the determination of the products produced during the tests. The maximum hardness and the lowest dry wear rate were obtained through T6 thermal treatment condition.
The Effects of T5 and T6 Heat Treatments on Wear Behaviour of AA6063 Alloy
High Temperature Materials and Processes, 2014
In this study, T5 heat treatment was applied to AA6063 alloy aged at 455 K for 2 hours after extrusion at 686 K. T6 heat treatment was also carried out by ageing at 455 K for 2 hours after solution heat treatment at 794 K for 1 hour. Heat treated T5 and T6 specimens were tested by pin-on-disc type wear equipment. Wear test was carried out by using 10, 20, 30 N loads and 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 m wear distance. T5 and T6 heat treated specimens were characterized with scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and hardness measurements. Worn surfaces of the specimens was also characterised with SEM. The results indicated that small and homogenously dispersed Mg2Si precipitates formed in AA6063 aluminium alloy with T6 heat treatment were compared to the T5 heat treatment. As a result of increment precipitate size, wear resistance decreased. T6 heat treated specimens showed higher hardness compared to the T5 heat treated specimens. In add...
2019
The aging process is a hardening process that aims to change the physical properties and mechanical properties of the material according to needs. This process is carried out by holding the heating process at a certain temperature for a certain period of time. Aluminium alloys have good mechanical properties. One way to improve the mechanical properties of a material is by hardening process. This aging process is one example of the hardening process. In this study, an artificial aging process was carried out on aluminium 6061 alloys. Analysis was carried out on the effect of aging temperature during the artificial aging process. Temperature variations used are 100, 125, 150, 175, 200C. The holding time is 1 hour. At the beginning of the process, heating with a heat treatment solution was carried out at 300C for 1 hour. Then quenching with water media. The next work process, heat treatment is carried out with the variations mentioned above. The last step is to do quenching again. Ana...
Effect of Thermal Exposure on the Mechanical and Wear Properties of Aerospace Al Alloys
Journal 4 Research - J4R Journal, 2015
Aluminum alloys are becoming increasingly important available data were utilized to prepare maps that are intended to serve to design Al Alloys with desired combination especially in the automotive and aerospace industries aluminum alloys AA6061 T6 is subjected to several combinations of solution treatments to correlate their mechanical tensile properties to hardness and conductivity measurement Additional the AA6061 T6 alloys were thermally exposed to several temperature to simulate heat damage effects the thermal exposure was correlated to the tensile properties and hardness and conductivity measurement however these materials tend to have poor wear resistance during working conditions study was to evaluate the wear behavior of Al alloys with various parameter by using pin-on-disk machine the wear rate was decreased then after database were created to consolidate the information about microstructure mechanical properties and corrosion behavior for Al Alloys. Keywords: AA6061 Alloys Thermal Exposure Wear Test Microstructure Age hardening tensile strength correlations between mechanical and physical properties _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Effect of static and dynamic ageing on wear and friction behavior of aluminum 6082 alloy
Tribology International, 2013
In the present investigation the effect of static and dynamic ageing on the wear and friction behavior of aluminum alloy (AA 6082) sliding against tool steel (TS) surface has been studied. The AA 6082 alloy samples used in the present study were in as-cast, solutionized and peak aged conditions. Scanning electron microscope analysis of the debris and worn surfaces revealed the role of precipitates on the dry sliding wear behavior. Frictional behavior varies significantly for all the conditions at elevated temperature (180 1C) compared to room temperature (40 1C). Such response was attributed to the dynamic precipitations during elevated temperature test.
Progression of wear in the mild wear regime of an Al-18.5% Si (A390) alloy
Wear, 2006
The mild wear regime of a cast Al-18.5% Si (A390), a lightweight alloy used in automotive components requiring wear resistance, was investigated in order to characterize the progression of the sliding wear processes. Block-on-ring (SAE 52100 steel) type sliding wear tests were conducted under a controlled dry air environment with 5% relative humidity. It was observed that the mild wear regime consisted of two sub-regimes: The first sub-regime of mild wear (MW-1) occurred at loads between 0.2 N and 35 N, and the second sub-regime of mild wear (MW-2) between 60 N and 150 N. A common characteristic of MW-1 and MW-2 was the attainment of steady-state wear conditions. The load (L) dependence of the steady-state wear rates (W) in both sub-regimes was expressed as W = C(L) n , where C 1 = 1.08 × 10 −4 , n 1 = 0.56 for MW-1 and C 2 = 2.18 × 10 −4 , n 2 = 0.67 for MW-2. A transition regime, where the wear rates of MW-1 increased by 270%, occurred in the 35-60 N load range. The transition between MW-1 and MW-2 was accompanied by a rapid increase (25%) in the amount of material transferred to the counterface. Sliding wear in both sub-regimes proceeded by the formation of tribolayers that were initiated by iron transfer from the steel counterface to the silicon particles on the contact surfaces. Compared to MW-1, tribolayers were formed at a faster rate in MW-2 and the amount of material transferred to the counterface was larger. Also, in MW-2 the magnitudes of plastic strains (ε) in the deformed aluminum subsurfaces below the tribolayers were higher, e.g., at 40 m below the surface ε = 3 at 60 N, compared to ε = 0.1 at 10 N at the same depth. In addition, in MW-2, both the tribolayers and the material transferred to the counterface contained layers of aluminum, implying that the aluminum matrix became in contact with the counterface. Spallation of thick tribolayers formed in MW-2 as well as extrusion of exposed aluminum surfaces over the tribolayers were among the main reasons for the higher wear rates in this regime compared to MW-1.