First Report on Rhizome Rot Disease of <i>Curcuma longa</i> Caused by <i>Fusarium solani</i> in Bangladesh (original) (raw)
Related papers
First Report on Rhizome Rot Disease of Curcuma longa Caused by Fusarium solani in Bangladesh
American Journal of Plant Sciences
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a valuable medicinal plant as well as spice crop in Bangladesh. The rhizome rot disease is a severe danger to turmeric cultivation. The current study sought to identify the fungal pathogen linked to turmeric rhizome rot disease. Rhizome of turmeric with distinct rotted symptoms was collected from the experimental site of the Botanical Garden, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. The sample was screened to isolate the causative fungal pathogen through the tissue planting technique. Macro and micro-morphological characterization based on colony appearance, mycelial and conidial characteristics primarily identified the fungus as Fusarium sp. The ITS sequence of rDNA of the fungus exhibited 99 to 100 percent similarity with the other F. solani species formerly deposited in the NCBI database which confirmed the fungal identity as F. solani. An in vitro pathogenicity test validated the pathogenic nature of the fungus. Growth behaviors of the fungus were evaluated on different solid culture media viz., Potato dextrose agar, Potato sucrose agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar and Hansen's agar; temperature conditions (10˚C, 15˚C, 20˚C, 25˚C, 30˚C and 35˚C) and pH levels (pH 4, pH 5, pH 6, pH 7 and pH 8). Maximum mycelial growth was obtained on PSA medium at 30˚C temperature and pH 7 conditions. Current findings also conclude that F. solani favors a wide range of temperature and pH levels. To the best of our search, the present investigation revealed the relationship of F. solani with the rhizome rot disease of turmeric for the first time in Bangladesh.
Effect of bioinoculants on rhizome rot disease of turmeric (Curcuma longa L
Pythium sp. induced rhizome rot is a serious constraint throughout all turmeric-growing regions. Application of fungicides for rhizome rot has decreased the soil microbial biodiversity, which has resulted in the emergence of pathogen strains that are resistant to management. Under glasshouse conditions, the potential of bioagents isolated from the rhizosphere soil to control rhizome rot in turmeric was assessed. The lowest incidence of rhizome rot disease (14.60%) resulted by applying bioformulation P. chlororaphis PA23 and B. subtilis CBE4 as rhizome dip and soil on 3 rd and 5 th month. Turmeric height, girth and number of leaves per clump were all significantly improved by applying the consortial bioformulation. When B. subtilis CBE4 and P. chlororaphis PA23 were applied as consortial formulation against P. aphanidermatum, defense-related gene products including chitinase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, -1,3 glucanase, phenols, and proteins were induced which led to suppression of the incidence of rhizome rot disease.
Twenty two isolates of Trichoderma spp. isolated from the turmeric rhizosphere soil collected from major turmeric growing tracts of South India were evaluated for their antagonistic potential against Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz. causing rhizome rot of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). The isolates were evaluated based on the dual plating, growth rate and volatile and non-volatile metabolites production in vitro. Out of twenty two isolates, six isolates via, IISR CLT 102, IISR CLT 107, IISR CLT 110, IISR CLT 114, IISR CLT 118, and IISR CLT 121 showed mycelial inhibition of above 70% on dual plate assay. The isolates showed variability in the production of volatile and non volatile metabolites. The highest inhibition by volatile metabolites was shown by IISR CLT 118 (84.82%) and IISR CLT 121(82.22%). The non-volatile metabolites produced by IISR CLT 103 (37.78%), IISR CLT 107(38.52), IISR CLT 110 (46.30%) and IISR CLT 114 (42.22%) were comparatively effective against the pathogen. IISR CLT 114 from Bidar (Karnataka) and IISR CLT 102 from Vaithiri (Kerala) induced cytoplasmic coagulation of the pathogen on dual culture technique. A total of six isolates were shortlisted for further evaluation in pot culture and field evaluation against rhizome rot of turmeric considering their above listed potentialities.
Antagonistic activity of endophytic microorganisms against rhizome rot disease of turmeric
Rhizome rot caused by Pythium aphanidematum is one of the major constraints for the cultivation of turmeric in Andhra Pradesh and cent per cent crop loss has been estimated in susceptible varieties. Biocontrol using endophytic microorganisms is one of alternative control methods to support agriculture sustainability. The objective of these experiments are to isolate endophytes from rhizomes of healthy turmeric plants from 16 locations of Andhra Pradesh and to estimate their biocontrol potential against the rhizome rot pathogen. Among 154 endophytic isolates obtained, 12 out of 79 bacteria, 16 out of 68 fungi, and four out of seven actinomycetes were antagonistic to Pythium aphanidematum in vitro. Several bacterial isolates belonging to four bacterial genera viz., Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Citrobacter were obtained and identified using standard biochemical methods. Of the bacterial endophytes isolated in the study, only 50% of the isolates showed antagonistic activity against Pythium aphanidermatum, the pathogen causing rhizome rot disease in turmeric. Bacterial metabolites like siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, indole acetic acid and salicylic acid in the culture media were studied. The result showed that comparatively the maximum quantity of siderophore (53.6%), hydrogen cyanide (45%), and salicylic acid (48.7%) was produced by Pseudomonas and indole acetic acid (48.2%) by Bacillus. Among the isolated endophytes, Pseudomonas was found to exhibit superior antagonistic activity against the test pathogen. Introduction Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a golden spice crop being cultivated in India since ancient times for its rhizomes, and has a potential to earn foreign exchange because of its wide utilization in Ayurvedic industry. Though it is well known for its medicinal value, its cultivation is hindered by several diseases. Turmeric is susceptible to diseases viz. leaf blight, anthracnose and rhizome rot. Among the various diseases, rhizome rot caused by Pythium sp. is a major constraint in all turmeric growing areas of India (Rathiah, 1987; Nageshwar Rao, 1994; Ramarethinam and Rajagopal, 1999) [17, 12, 15]. It causes severe yield reduction and reduces the quality of rhizome (Rathiah, 1982) [16]. Rhizome rot resulted in yield loss of 50% in the Erode district of Tamil Nadu. Biocontrol of plant pathogen is becoming an important component of integrated disease management. In view of the hazardous impact of pesticides and other agrochemicals on the ecosystem, biocontrol of plant diseases as an alternate strategy has received increasing attention in recent years. Therefore, the focus on the management of plant diseases has been shifted from chemical pesticides to more ecofriendly biopesticides to reduce environmental hazards and minimize the risk of development of pesticide resistant strains of plant pathogens. A novel method of biological control using endophytes has entered the arena of disease management with attempts to make the plant, defend itself from the pathogens. The beneficial effects that the endophytes can confer on plants have made their role highly significant in biological control of diseases in various crops (Bargabus et al. 2004; Kloepper et al. 2004) [2]. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the efficacy of the endophytic microorganisms isolated from turmeric against rhizome rot disease.
Rhizome rot, caused by Pythium aphanidermatum is one of the most serious disease resulting a significant yield loss in turmeric every year. However, the incidence and severity of the disease differ from one location to other, one geographical area to other and even differs from country and region wise. The reasons for this disease severity have been attributed to the variation in host genotype, virulence of the pathogen, prevalence of congenial soil physico-chemical and plants' surrounding environment and cultural practices. In this study, ten isolates of Pythium were collected from Coimbatore and Erode districs of Tamil Nadu. Pathogenecity test revealed that all the isolates were virulent with different level of resistance on cultivar at stage in the green house. Ten isolates of Pythium aphanidermatum has been characterized on the basis of colony diameter, cultural and morphological characters. Cultural and morphological characteristics revealed considerable diversity among the Pythium aphanidermatum isolates. In this study, Oomycetous primer with ITS 2 rDNA internal transcribed spacers has been used to develop an accurate identification of the species on turmeric.
EFFICACY OF BOTANICALS AGAINST Pythium aphanidermatum CAUSING RHIZOME ROT OF TURMERIC
Rhizome rot (Pythium aphanidermatum) is one of the most wide spread, destructive disease of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which accounts for about 30 to 80 per cent yield losses. All the botanicals tested significantly inhibited mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum, over untreated control. Average mycelial growth inhibition was ranged from 21.65 (E. globulus) to 86.33 (A. indica) per cent. However it was significantly highest with A. indica (86.33 %), followed by A. sativum (82.67 %), O. sanctum (76.07 %), M. citrifoila (64.93 %), P. pinnata (62.35 %), M. oleifera (59.96 %), A. racemosus (53.93 %), L. innermis (48.22 %), G. maculate (45.87 %), L. camera (36.83 %), A. cepa (32.88 %). However, E. globulus and B. spectabilis were found less effective with significantly least mycelial growth inhibition of 21.65 and 28.52 per cent, respectively.
Study of Rhizospheric Mycoflora of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) Growing Areas from Jhansi Vicinity
International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2022
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an ancient and sacred spice of India. It is used in diversified forms as a condiment, flavouring, colouring agents, as curry powder and as a medicine. It is grown by its finger rhizome. Turmeric grows on diversified soil types, but it thrives best in sandy loam well drained soil. Soil is the habitat of a complex microbial community where interaction and the struggle for existence in this microbial world are equally complex. Rhizosphere is a region around roots; it is complex environment inhabiting microorganisms where roots interact with physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. To explore the soil mycoflora from turmeric growing areas of Jhansi vicinity, experiment were conducted during 2018-2019 in Department of Botany, Bundelkhand University Jhansi. The most promising genera/specie abundantently present in the soil mycoflora was also estimated. For this experiment. Soil samples were collected from 15 different turmeric growing areas of Jhansi vicinity. The soil mycoflora was obtained by soil dilution technique. About 25 different fungal species belonging to 18 genera were isolated. These species were member of Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
Effect of Trichoderma species on Pythium aphanidermatum Causing Rhizome Rot of Turmeric
Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 2011
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is one of the most ancient and importance spice crop grown in India. Rhizome rot of turmeric, caused by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz., is a major constraint for the production of healthy rhizome, some times causing total failure crop. Soil samples was collected and analyzed for physico chemical parameters, then the effect of pH, N, P and K also studied. Maximum growth the pathogen was noticed in pH 6 (55mm), 2% of nitrogen (21mm), 1% of phosphorus (16mm) and 2% of potash (14mm). Pythium aphanidermatum against chemical fungicide thiophanate methyl 70% WP produced inhibition zone (23mm) of fungal growth in disc diffusion assay. Because of the inherent risks associated with the chemical control, an attempt has been made in present study to control the rhizome rot by biological means under laboratory method. In vitro studies on biocontrol agents against turmeric rhizome rot pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum revealed that fungal bioagent was inhibiting the growth of pathogen. Trichoderma viride (79mm) was best inhibiting the colony growth of Pythium aphanidermatum (11mm) in 288 hours P = <0.001 statistically significant difference. Experts recommend that rhizome treatment with biofungicide like Trichoderma spp., can effectively control of this disease.
The Bioscan, 2018
Total of twenty five indigenous isolates of Trichoderma species were isolated from rhizosphere soils of turmeric and ginger grown in different locations of Belagavi and Bagalkot districts, Karnataka (India) using serial dilution pour plate method. These isolates were ascribed to two species namely Trichoderma harzianum (Th) and Trichoderma viride (Tv) based on cultural and morphological characterisation. The isolates were evaluated against major soil borne pathogens causing rhizome rot in turmeric and ginger viz., Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Sclerotium sp., by dual culture method. Isolate Tv-23 was recorded highest inhibition of Pythium (83.19 %). Isolate Tv-17 had shown maximum per cent inhibition of mycelia growth of Fusarium (90.92 %) and Rhizoctonia (89.56 %). Isolate Th-25 was most aggressive and able to inhibit 79.04 per cent of Sclerotium growth. Based on the antagonistic activity of all Trichoderma isolates tested against soil borne pathogens, eight isolates viz., Tv-1, Tv-2, Tv-8, Tv-14, Tv-17, Tv-23Th-18 and Th-25 were found to show highest per cent inhibition.