Evaluating risk factors in hypertension screening in children and adolescent (original) (raw)
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Anthropometric Markers as a Paradigm for Obesity Risk Assessment
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 2020
Quantification of obesity/adiposity is feasible with different anthropometric characteristics along with the bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques. Recent advancements are now witnessing development of further computations derived from previously established measures to gauge obesity. Main aim of our study was to evaluate the association of anthropometric determinants of obesity with body compositional adiposity variables, and thus identifying the best marker among them emerging out as the probable predictor for compositional adiposity. Participants and Setting: 550 female participants within the age of 18 to 23 years were enrolled under this study attending graduation course at University of Delhi. Ethical clearance was received from the institutional head. Informed written consent was taken from every participant. All the body measurements were recorded by trained staff using standard techniques. Derived measurements were calculated further. Data, hence, gathered was undertaken for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis with SPSS 20.0. WHR over-estimated the count for those at risk compared to waist circumference and WHtR. Skeletal muscle fat associated negatively with all anthropometric adiposity indicators. BMI, BAI, WHtR and waist circumference related closely with all body composition cum obesity markers compared to WHR, CI and ABSI. BAI overrated the risk for fat determining body composition parameters the most followed by BMI. ABSI revealed an underestimated risk for augmenting fat content in body, compared to other markers. It is difficult to establish with compliance as to which of the measures used in the study could better predict the perils of obesity but it could be ascertained that some of the newly verified anthropometric adiposity indicators could be administered for determining clinical situations after further validation.
Journal of Biological and Allied Health Sciences
Background: The lethal nature of obesity is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Since 17th-century anthropometric parameters are known as a quantitative measure of obesity, how it detects changes in the body and its effects on health. In the beginning, the classical parameters were used i.e., BMI, waist to hip ratio, waist circumference, and waist to height ratio to determine obesity but due to different ethnic backgrounds and cut-off points, they lost their reliability. To overcome their limitations new parameters were introduced which were found to be better and independent of these factors. Methods: From different databases, a total of 450 papers were reviewed and at the end 101 were finalized for this study. Results: This study found that classical parameters can be used as a basic screening tool to differentiate from the standard. Yet their effectiveness is low since ethnic backgrounds, genders, ages, and populations influence...
Anthropometrics: A forgotten gem in clinical assessment of obesity
2020
BackgroundAccording to World Health Organization (WHO), United Arab Emirates (UAE) has one of the highest prevalence rates of obesity in the Middle East at 34%. There is a paralleled rise in the incidence of related metabolic conditions, particularly type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Body mass index (BMI) alone is an insufficient marker of abdominal adiposity and addition of waist circumference (WC) can help to assess the cardiometabolic risk.AimTo study the prevalence of obesity related diseases in a multidisciplinary weight management program and determine the relationship to obesity anthropometric indices.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted at Mediclinic Parkview Hospital in Dubai, UAE. 308 patients have been evaluated from January 2019 until September 2019 as part of a multi-disciplinary weight management program. Key demographics, anthropometrics, and clinical data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sc...
Comparative assessment of anthropometric and bioimpedence methods for determining adiposity
Heliyon
Background: Obesity is a risk factor for different chronic conditions. Over the years, obesity has become a pandemic and it is therefore important that effective diagnostic tools are developed. Obesity is a measure of adiposity and it has become increasingly evident that anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) used to estimate adiposity are inadequate. This study therefore examined the ability of different anthropometric measurements to diagnose obesity within a cross-section of Ghanaian women. Methods: We obtained anthropometric measurements and used that to generate derived measures of adiposity such as body adiposity index (BAI) and conicity index. Furthermore we also measured adiposity using a bioimpedance analyser. Associations between these measurements and percentage body fat (%BF) were drawn in order to determine the suitability of the various measures to predict obesity. The prevalence of obesity was determined using both %BF and BMI. Results: BMI, Waist and hip circumference and visceral fat (VF) were positively correlated with % BF whereas skeletal muscle mass was negatively correlated. Prevalence of obesity was 16% and 31.6% using BMI and %BF respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that these differences in prevalence was due to BMI based misclassification of persons who have obesity as overweight. Similar, shortfalls were observed for the other anthropometric measurements using ROC. Conclusions: No single measure investigated could adequately predict obesity as an accumulation of fat using current established cutoff points within our study population. Large scale epidemiological studies are therefore needed to define appropriate population based cutoff points if anthropometric measurements are to be employed in diagnosing obesity within a particular population.
Field methods in the evaluation of obesity in children and adolescents
Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil, 2009
In large samples, the methods for obtaining information on obesity need to be simple, inexpensive and reasonably accurate. This review deals with articles focusing on various field methods for the evaluation of body composition. The Bioimpedance and Near Infrared methods are simple to execute but their advantage in relation to Body Mass Index is obscure. Although the Bioimpedance and near infrared methods provide estimates of fat content, they may be no better than waist circumference measurements. The latter does not distinguish body fat but points to a more direct relationship concerning health risk. Regardless of the advantages, waist circumference continues to be under discussion: there is a lack of standardization and no reference populations or cutoff points have been established. No perfect method exists, but the number of errors could be reduced, if care were taken in drawing up protocols, standardization, and the analysis of sample properties.
2018
Overweight and obesity is the single major public health problem in Mexico, ranking first in the world with<br> children ailing from this condition, the present study aims to anthropometrically evaluate schoolchildren<br> between the ages of 10 and 12 and determinate some biochemical blood tests. In addition, to evaluate some<br> anthropometrically parameters were used the percentiles from the CDC (Center for Disease Control and<br> Prevention) grow charts system. The results showed 22 children with malnutrition, 74 being underweight,<br> 248 having a healthy weight, 128 with overweight and 199 with obesity. Girls showed a body mass index<br> (BMI) of 24.98 ± 0.43 and 24.28 ± 0.42 in boys. Measurement of waist circumference (WC) was 79.06 ±<br> 1.76 for girls and 80.73 ± 1.39 for boys. This phenomenon was associated with high triglycerides levels (90-<br> 129 mg/dl) and high Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) in girls, which could be ri...
An anthropometry-based equation of fat mass percentage as a valid discriminator of obesity
Public Health Nutrition, 2019
ObjectiveTo develop a new predictive equation for fat mass percentage (%FM) based on anthropometric measurements and to assess its ability to discriminate between obese and non-obese individuals.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingMexican adults.ParticipantsAdults (n 275; 181 women) aged 20–63 years with BMI between 17·4 and 42·4 kg/m2.ResultsThirty-seven per cent of our sample was obese using %FM measured by air-displacement plethysmography (BOD POD®; Life Measurement Instruments). The fat mass was computed from the difference between weight and fat-free mass (FFM). FFM was estimated using an equation obtained previously in the study from weight, height and sex of the individuals. The %FM estimated from the obtained FFM showed a sensitivity of 90·3 (95 % CI 86·8, 93·8) % and a specificity of 58·0 (95 % CI 52·1, 63·8) % in the diagnosis of obesity. Ninety-three per cent of participants with obesity and 65 % of participants without obesity were correctly classified.ConclusionsThe anth...
Journal of obesity, 2013
To determine whether categories of obesity based on BMI and an anthropometry-based estimate of fat mass percentage (FM% equation) have similar discriminative ability for markers of cardiometabolic risk as measurements of FM% by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bioimpedance analysis (BIA). A study of 40-79-year-old male (n = 205) and female (n = 388) Finns. Weight, height, blood pressure, triacylglycerols, HDL cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were measured. Body composition was assessed by DXA and BIA and a FM%-equation. For grade 1 hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and impaired fasting glucose >6.1 mmol/L, the categories of obesity as defined by BMI and the FM% equation had 1.9% to 3.7% (P < 0.01) higher discriminative power compared to DXA. For grade 2 hypertension the FM% equation discriminated 1.2% (P = 0.05) lower than DXA and 2.8% (P < 0.01) lower than BIA. Receiver operation characteristics confirmed BIA as best predictor of grade 2 hypertension and the FM% ...