Study of The Composition, Fuel Parameter, and Triangular Graph of A Gasoline and Aqueous Ethanol Fuel Blend in a Single Phase (original) (raw)
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Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2023
Many countries worldwide encounter the greatest difficulties in improving people's life quality since fossil fuel reserves are decreasing, causing fuel prices to rise drastically. This problem has made many countries, including Indonesia, struggle to import them from producers in the Middle East. Adding a small part of ethanol to gasoline is one of the solutions that has been investigated and developed. The previous works relating to blended fuels, gasoline and ethanol, generally employed absolute alcohol, which was expensive. A small surfactant was added to the mixture to stabilize the emulsion, and the blending was conducted in normal conditions (room temperature). If the composition of gasoline and aqueous ethanol is not precise, the components can be separated at a specific temperature. The present study is aimed to report the analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of aqueous emulsions of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in a single phase without using a synthetic surfactant in the temperature range of 0-25 °C. The procedures were as follows: fermentation, ethanol distillation and purification, cooling, blending, and characterization of fuel specifications. Components of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water formed a stable emulsion in the composition range of 28.00-99.79 %, 0.20-67.97 %, and 0.01-3.58 %. The observation found that continually increasing the amount of aqueous ethanol and temperature after one phase was attained would not lead to the separation of components. Therefore, gasoline and aqueous ethanol can form a single phase functioning as a surfactant binding water and fossil fuel. The decrease in temperature after the emulsion is stabilized can separate the components whereby it is caused by the faster density change of aqueous ethanol than gasoline
An Experimental Study on the Influence of Ethanol and Automotive Gasoline Blends
Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology
The objective of this work is to investigate the production possibility of high octane environmental ethanol gasoline blends based on Euro specifications. The environmental gasoline is the key element to keep the environment safe and clean. Moreover, it reduces gas emissions after combustion of gasoline. One of the main methods to produce the environmental gasoline is blending gasoline with oxygenated compounds such as ethanol. Ethanol is chosen among other oxygenated compounds as it has a high influence on physico-chemical characteristics of gasoline rather than other oxygenated compounds. In addition, it has a high octane number as well as it is not polluting the environment and clean additive. In the experimental study, the choice of environmental gasolines are based on Euro-3 specifications for samples without ethanol blend and Euro-5 specifications for samples with ethanol blend; after upgrading. Various blend stocks have been prepared which have reformate, isomerate, full refinery naphtha (FRN), heavy straight run naphtha (HSRN), hydrocracked naphtha, heavy hydrocracked naphtha, coker naphtha and heavy coker naphtha. In this study, ASTM standard methods are performed for spark ignition fuels to characterize its physical and chemical properties. The results show that one has exhibited the optimum specifications of Euro-3 and thus its physico-chemical characteristics are 755.11 kg/m 3 of density, 55.88 of °API and 95 of RON, 88 of MON, 40% by volume of aromatic content and 0.66% by volume of benzene content. Moreover, ASTM distillation curve shows that the volume percentage at 150°C is 83. At the same time, the final boiling point (FBP) and recovery volume percent are 198°C and 96% respectively. While another sample has the poorest physical as well as chemical properties so that it is blended with ethanol to upgrade its characteristics. Therefore, the target is determining the optimum ethanol volume percent to be blended with poorest sample to yield the highest properties of gasoline. These blends are namely as E0, E5, E10, E15, E20. The results indicate that E5 is the optimum one for Euro-5 specifications after upgrading and thus its physico-chemical characteristics are 745.55 kg/m 3 of density, 58 of ºAPI, 101 of RON, 98 of MON, 32.65% by volume of aromatic content and 0.47% by volume of benzene content. Moreover, ASTM distillation curve illustrates that the volume percentage at 150°C is 75. At the same time, the final boiling point (FBP) and recovery volume percent are 190°C and 97% respectively. In addition, its Reid vapor pressure equals 8.1 psi and the heat of combustion equals 35 MJ/L. In the final, Blending gasoline with ethanol is an essential issue concerning the production of environmental gasolines.
Journal of Petroleum Technology and Alternative Fuels, 2011
Physico-chemical and operational properties of various gasoline bio-ethanol blends were evaluated. Bio-ethanol was obtained through distillation from maize (Zea mays), sugar cane (Saccharum L), raffia (Raffia vinefera) wine, and palm wine and then purified using a rotavapor. Engine trails involved combinations of various ratios of gasoline/bio-ethanol as fuel in a small unmodified gasoline engine connected to a dynamometer. The vapour pressure, octane number, flash point, specific gravity, and energy density of various compositions of the blends were evaluated. Sugar cane gave the highest yield of alcohol 97.99 g per kg of produce while the lowest amount of alcohol of 10.5 ml per kg of produce was obtained from palm wine. Engine power decreased from 0.400 kW with 100% gasoline as fuel to 0.108 kW with a gasoline ethanol ratio of 1: 10. The octane number increased from 93 at E10 to 106 at E90. The energy density decreased from 33.180 MJ/l at E10 to 23.600 MJ/l at E90. Other physical observations suggest that to successfully run a gasoline engine with bio ethanol/gasoline blends some modifications would have to be done on the engine, including advancing of ignition timing, provision of air tight fuel conduit network, and modification of piston heads to improve pre-combustion fuel homogenisation.
Optimum Operating Volume of Ethanol as a Blending Agent in Gasoline
Gasoline is prepared by mixing various processes stream of definite boiling range with additives. Apart from its physical characteristics and the effect of additives, the quality of gasoline depends on its hydrocarbon composition. Gasoline is a light distillate and consists of hydrocarbon fraction with the boiling range IBP (nearly 30 o C) to 200 o C. Thus the hydrocarbon from C 5 to C 10 range is present in gasoline each having its individual boiling point. The distillation characteristics give the volatility to gasoline fuel and the volatility of gasoline affects the performance of engine. Now-a-days, commercial gasoline consists of 5% ethanol by volume. A work is carried out to check the effect of presence of ethanol as a blending agent on the overall characteristics of gasoline fuel.
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GASOLINE AND ITS BLENDS WITH ETHANOL IN GASOLINE ENGINE
The rapid depletion of petroleum fuels and ever increasing price of them has led to an intensive search for alternative fuels. Biofuels being renewable and ecofriendly are attracting growing interest around the world. Ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), an alcohol found to be a promising alternative fuel for gasoline engine. Ethanol is an attractive alternative fuel and blends can be used as fuel in order to substitute some part of gasoline. In this research work, procedures of measuring fuels have been used to blend the ethanol produced from sugar cane with gasoline and base fuels used for the experiment. Properties of ethanol-gasoline blended and base fuel were first examined by the standard ASTM test methods D86, D130, ES626:2008 (ANNEXB), ES640:2001 (ANNEXA), D323, D1298 and fuel was blended in different volume rates E0, E5 and E10. Moreover, the experimental comparative performance evaluation are tested and evaluated at 8:1 compression ratios. The performance and exhaust emission were carried out on gasoline engines by using TD43F variable compression engine test rig and Exhaust gas analyzer 5000 and the following test results were summarized. Best performance with maximum reduction is 2.9% P b is obtained for all samples for the compression ratio of 8:1 at speed of 2000 rpm. Blending increases η b for compression ratio of 8:1. Compression ratio of 8:1 is recommended to use E10.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Ethanol–Diesel Blend Fuel
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
In this research we are discussing the physicochemical characteristics of sweet diesel after desulphurization alone and also these characteristics are tested with the adding of high purity HPLC ethanol (99.9%). Those fuel properties of ethanol blended with diesel were experimentally determined to find their stability and to increase their properties and efficiency in the diesel engines. First we made 4 blends of diesel with ethanol and the fifth sample was pure diesel. The samples were 0% ethanol and 100 % diesel, the second sample was 5% ethanol and 95 % diesel, the third sample was 10 % ethanol and 90% diesel, the fourth sample was 15 % ethanol and 85 % diesel and the fifth and last sample was 20 % ethanol and 80 % diesel. The physicochemical characteristics of the diesel ethanol blends were determined by the following experiments (cetane number, ASTM distillation, flash point, pour point, kinematic viscosity, ASTM density and calorific value).the aim of this research is to obtain...
Physiochemical Property Characterization of Hydrous and Anhydrous Ethanol Blended Gasoline
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2018
Water removal during the production of bio-ethanol is highly energy intensive. At the azeotropic point, the mixture can no longer be separated via fractional distillation, so expensive and energy intensive methods are required for further purification. Hence, there is an interest in using hydrous ethanol at the azeotropic point to improve the energy balance of ethanol fuel production. Currently there is a lack of available thermophysical property data for hydrous ethanol gasoline fuel blends. These data are important to understand the effect of water on critical fuel properties and to evaluate the potential of using hydrous ethanol fuels in conventional and optimized spark ignition engines. In this study, gasoline was blended with 10, 15, and 30 vol% of anhydrous and hydrous ethanol. The distillation curve, Reid vapor pressure, vapor lock protection potential, viscosity, density, haze and phase separation points, and lower heating value were measured for each blend and the results were compared to ASTM D4814, the standard specification for automotive spark ignition engine fuels. The majority of the properties measured for the low-and mid-level hydrous ethanol blends are not significantly different from those of the corresponding anhydrous ethanol blends. The only differences observed between the hydrous and anhydrous fuels were in viscosity and phase separation. The viscosity increased as the total water content increased, whereas the phase separation temperatures decreased with an increasing hydrous ethanol fraction. The results of this study suggest that hydrous ethanol blends may have the potential to be used in current internal combustion engines as a drop-in fuel and in future engine designs tuned to operate on fuels with high levels of ethanol.
Experimental Investigation on Ethanol-Petrol Blends Operating with a Petrol Engine: An Overview
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
The use of biopetrol fuel as alternative fuels in gasoline engine has been around for many years and Ethanol-petrol has the potential to be used as alternative fuel that can reduce the total CO2 emission from internal petrol engine. However, the changes of bio-petrol is a very complex and need further understanding for researchers due to the relevance of the increase in the petroleum price and the future environmental regulation. This review paper focuses to ascertain a new approach in potential on ethanol-petrol blends operating with a petrol engine especially the effects of ethanol gas petrol blending ratio and variant types of ethanol on performance and emissions of petrol engine. It is shown that the variant in biopetrol blending ratio and engine operational condition are reduced engine-out emissions and increased efficiency. This paper presents on a review on three different types of ethanol like sugar cane, wheat and corn with various blended rates. Investigation framework stu...
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE GASOLINE AND ALCOHOL BIOFUEL MIXTURES
The influence of added alcohols, ethanol and butanol, on the main biofuel properties, as the specific gravity, Reid saturated vapour pressure and distillation curves have been investigated. These properties are intimately related to the fuel composition and their prediction relies on the knowledge of its components characteristics. This research proves the possibility of obtaining fuels with different levels of resistance to detonation, using gasoline with different chemical components and various fractions of alcohols.
The use of Alcohols and their Compounds as Biofuel and Gasoline Blends
Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 2015
This article presents the quality requirements for bioethanol using as a biofuel or a gasoline blend. There were discussed the blends of gasoline with bioethanol. Then, there was characterized the properties of ethanol in direction its use as a biofuel. Next, there were discussed both benefits and difficulties resulting from its use. Then, for comparison there was described the possibility of using methanol and heavy alcohols as biofuels.