A new Salmonella surveillance and control programme in Danish pig herds and slaughterhouses (original) (raw)
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International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork, 2007
At the European level the control of foodborne diseases IS defined by the new zoonoses legislation (Directive 20031991EC and Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003), which pomts out the necessity to establish surveillance programmes for zoonotic agents in animal populations. Recently Commission Decision 2006/6681EC concerning a baseline study on the prevalence of Salmonella in slaughter p1gs has been published. Many different strategies have been developed and applied by EU Member States 1n order to Implement momtoring and/or control programmes for Salmonella 1n pigs; these strateg1es are mamly based on bacteriological analysis (performed on caecal content, ileo caecal lymph nodes or carcass swabs collected at slaughterhouse) and/or on serological analys1s (mainly performed on meat JUICe obtamed from diaphragm muscle). Very few data are published about the comparison among different strategies so that 11 is still difficult for a country wanting to implement a monitoring/control programme to choose the most cost-effective methodology. The objective of the present study was to develop an effective methodology to evaluate Salmonella spp. prevalence in slaughter pigs comparing bacteriological and serological strateg1es with the aim of identifying the most effective methodology to apply. To detect the presence of the infection, both bacteriological examination of faeces and ileocaecal lymph nodes and serological investigation of meat-juice and blood sera were used. Samples of diaphragm muscle, blood , caecal content and mesentenc lymph nodes were collected from 150 p1gs of 10 batches 1n two slaughterhouses of the Veneto Region of Italy and comparisons were made between ISolation of Salmonella in faeces and lymph nodes and the capability to detect Salmonella antibodies 1n sera and meat JUICe us1ng three different commercial ELISA kits. In th1s paper the results of bacteriological and serological investigations are presented emphas1s1ng the companson among the three different commercial ELISA kits .
Journal of food protection, 2010
Salmonella Typhimurium is the predominant serotype isolated from humans in Europe. Pork and pork products are recognized vehicles of Salmonella and are responsible for outbreaks of human salmonellosis. Pigs can become infected with Salmonella on the breeding or fattening farm and during transport, lairage, and slaughter. The aim of this study was to investigate selected points of Salmonella contamination from the time pigs entered the lairage to the time the carcass was processed in the boning hall and to determine the importance of different sources of Salmonella along the Irish pork production chain. A second objective was to evaluate whether the serological status or category of a herd influenced the levels of bacteriological contamination detected on individual carcasses and pork cuts during slaughter and dressing operations. All samples were tested for the presence and numbers of Salmonella. Enterobacteriaceae numbers were also determined. Serotype, phage type, and pulsed-field...
The occurrence and epidemiology of Salmonella in European pig slaughterhouses
Epidemiology and Infection, 2003
This study was part of an international research project entitled SALINPORK (FAIR CT-950400) initiated in 1996. The objectives were to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella in pig slaughterhouses and to identify risk factors associated with the contamination of pig carcasses. Data was collected from 12 slaughterhouses in five European countries. Isolates were characterized by serotyping, phage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility. In one country, no Salmonella was found. Salmonella was isolated from 5·3% of 3485 samples of pork and from 13·8% of 3573 environmental samples from the seven slaughterhouses in the four remaining countries. The statistical analyses (multi-level logistic regression) indicated that the prevalence was significantly higher during the warmer months and that the environmental contamination increased during the day of slaughter. The polishing (OR 3·74, 95% CI 1·43–9·78) and pluck removal (OR 3·63, 95% CI 1·66–7·96) processes were found to contribute signif...
Epidemiology and Infection, 2004
Surveillance and control are important aspects of food safety assurance strategies at the pre-harvest level of pork production. Prior to implementation of a Salmonella surveillance and control programme, it is important to have knowledge on the dynamics and epidemiology of Salmonella infections in pig herds. For this purpose, 17 finishing pig herds initially classified as seropositive and 15 as seronegative, were followed for a 2-year period through serological and bacteriological sampling. The study included 10 herds from Denmark, 13 from The Netherlands, 4 from Germany and 5 from Sweden and was performed between October 1996 and May 1999. The Salmonella status of finishing pig herds was determined by an initial blood sampling of approximately 50 finishing pigs close to market weight per herd. The development of the Salmonella status of the selected herds was assessed at seven subsequent sampling rounds of 25 blood samples from finishing pigs, 25 blood samples from grower pigs and 10 pen faecal samples each, approximately 3 months apart. The odds for testing finishers seropositive, given that growers were found seropositive previously were 10 times higher than if growers were seronegative (OR 10 . 0, 95 % CI 3 . 2-32 . 8). When Salmonella was isolated from pen faecal samples, the herd was more likely to be classified seropositive in the same sampling round, compared to no Salmonella being detected (OR 4 . 0, 95 % CI 1 . 1-14 . 6). The stability of an initially allocated Salmonella status was found to vary noticeably with time, apparently irrespective of a seropositive or seronegative classification at onset of the study. Given the measured dynamics in the occurrence of Salmonella in pig herds, regular testing is necessary to enable producers, advisors and authorities to react to sudden increases in the Salmonella prevalence in single herds or at a national level.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 1996
As a part of a nationwide programme to survey and control salmonella in pig herds, a microbiological survey of 1363 pig herds was performed in Denmark. A total of 13 468 slaughter pigs were examined at slaughter by culture of 5 g of caecal contents, Overall, 30 different serotypes of Salmonella enterica were isolated from 832 pigs (6.2%). The predominant serotype was S. Typhimurium, comprising 536 (64.4%) of the isolates. Four hundred and forty-eight isolates of S. Typhimurium were examined by phage typing, resulting in detection of 17 different phage types (definitive types, DT) with DT12 being the most frequent (49.1%).
International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork, 2015
The present study summarises the insights yielded by different studies focused on the epidemiology of the infection by Salmonella through the pig production (breeders, finishers and post-farm stages). The final objective is to determine the best strategies for successful control of Salmonella in a highly prevalent country such as Spain. The study in breeders evidenced a high seroprevalence. There were differences among some of the 10 most common serotypes detected in breeders compared to previous studies in finishers, although the two most common were shared by both populations. Type of feed and type of floor were the factors associated to the presence of Salmonella. A Salmonella Typhimurium inactivated vaccine and two organic acids demonstrated to be good tools to reduce the prevalence in finishers. Finally a study of the contamination in post-farm stages evidenced the high contamination of transport, lairage and the contamination of the slaughter line, accounting for 70% of carcass cross-contamination.
Salmonella surveillance and control for finisher pigs and pork in Denmark — A case study
Food Research International, 2012
Salmonella can either be controlled pre-harvest, post-harvest or by a combination of both approaches. This paper describes the lessons learned in Danish Salmonella surveillance and control programme for finisher pigs and pork. Initially, main focus was on pre-harvest initiatives and correct identification of herds with respect to the risk for Salmonella that they represented. However, an analysis of risk-mitigating actions applied along the chain from stable to table showed that it would be more cost-effective to deal with Salmonella on the abattoirs than in the herds. This knowledge moved focus from pre-to post-harvest without giving up on pre-harvest surveillance. First of all, this meant increased attention on slaughter hygiene and individual interventions in the abattoirs. In brief, we learned that for a programme to be successful it must be based on standardised methods for sampling and testing to be able to evaluate and compare performance of the programme. More specifically, meat-juice samples taken from finisher pigs at the time of slaughter are an effective way of identifying high-risk herds for Salmonella. In addition, a penalty system might act as an incentive for farmers to deal with Salmonella in their herd. Additionally, common targets for all abattoirs allowing for unique control solutions should be adapted. Finally, decontamination techniques like hot water decontamination are a feasible way of dealing with high-risk pigs (Level-3 pigs). The current prevalence in Danish pork is around 1.2%, and a target is set to b 1.0% to be reached by the end of 2013. The experience obtained by use of the Danish programme might be used to develop and implement appropriate types of surveillance programs as well as risk-mitigating measures in other countries.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 1999
Analyses of data collected in the Danish Salmonella Control Program in swine herds were conducted to assess the association between bacteriological and serological findings (including the degree to which changing serological status over time modulated the relationship) and to assess the degree to which type of swine operation and age group affected the relationship between bacteriological and serological findings. Although serological status was significantly associated with bacteriological prevalence of salmonella enterica in swine herds, the association was clarified by adding information on the change in serological status over time and the age group being tested. salmonella infection assessed by serological tests at a single time-point and data on age group tested would allow better targeting and managing control programs. #