An Epidemiologic Study Comparing Fetal Exposure to Tobacco Smoke in Three Southeast Asian Countries (original) (raw)
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Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2008
We performed a survey to assess the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in 1-year-old infants in Thailand. Of the 725 infants, it was reported that 73.3% had household smoking and 40.7% had detectable urinary cotinine. Twenty-five infants (3.4%) had urinary cotinine in the range of adult heavy smokers. The prevalence of ETS exposure was significantly higher in infants with a father whose education was ≤ grade 6 than in those with father’s education >6 years (44.0% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.039). Data on the exposure to ETS among infants will provide prevalence information and identify population subgroups at increased risk for exposure.
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2012
Background: Over the last few years a decreasing trend in smoking has occurred not only in the general population but also during pregnancy. Several countries have implemented laws requiring all enclosed workplace and public places to be free of second hand smoke (SHS). In Spain, legislation to reduce SHS was implemented in 2005. The present study examines the possible effect of this legislation on prenatal SHS exposure. Methods: Mothers and newborns were recruited from 3 independent studies performed in Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) and approved by the local Ethics Committee: 415 participated in a study in 1996-1998, 283 in 2002-2004 and 207 in 2008. A standard questionnaire, including neonatal and sociodemographic variables,tobacco use and exposure during pregnancy, was completed at delivery for all the participants in the three study groups. Fetal exposure to tobacco was studied by measuring cotinine in cord blood by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: 32.8% of the pregnant women reported to smoke during pregnancy in 1996-1998, 25.9% in 2002-2004 and 34.1% in 2008. In the most recent group, the percentage of no prenatal SHS exposure (cord blood cotinine 0.2-1 ng/mL) showed an increase compared to the previous groups while the percentages of both: low (1.1-14 ng/ mL) and very high (> 100 ng/mL) prenatal SHS exposure showed a decrease. Discussion: The results of the three study periods (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)) demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of newborns free from SHS exposure and a decrease in the percentage of newborns exposed to SHS during pregnancy, especially at the very high levels of exposure. A significant maternal smoking habit was noted in this geographical area with particular emphasis on immigrant pregnant smoking women. Conclusions: Our study indicates that there is a significant maternal smoking habit in this geographical area. Our recommendation is that campaigns against smoking should be directed more specifically towards pregnant women with particular emphasis on non-native pregnant smokers due to the highest prevalence of tobacco consumption in the immigrant women.
2020
A number of studies have found evidence to support the hypothesis that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in pregnant women can increase the risk of impaired fetal growth. This study aims to analyze the relationship of environmental tobacco smoke exposure with the incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW). The conclusion of causality, especially time relationship can be further explained in this study because it uses a case control study design with a sample of 145 maternal cases and 145 maternal control samples in 16 sub-districts in Palembang. Historical data on environmental tobacco smoke exposure were taken primarily by interviewing conditions while pregnant women using a structured questionnaire. The data obtained were then analyzed using univariate, bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate with multiple logistic regression tests with risk factor models. There was a significant relationship between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy to the incidence...
2020
Low birth weight (LBW), a major determinant of neonate morbidity and mortality, remains a global public health concern. Intrauterine exposure to tobacco has been discerned as an important risk factor for LBW. This study aims to investigate the association between parental smoking during pregnancy and LBW. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 - July 2020 on a random sample of parents with child aged 0-5 years old from 5 health centers in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 145 subjects met the criteria and were analysed. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics software. In the study, 11% of infants were born with LBW. The prevalence of smoking in fathers and mothers were 55.2% and 3.4%, respectively. Paternal smoking status was significantly associated with LBW (p < 0.05). Although not statistically significant, there was a dose-response relationship between paternal number of cigarettes/day and duration of smoking with LBW. Maternal ...
Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2018
Smoking does not only endangers the smokers themselves but will also harm the people around them. These are the non-smokers also called the passive smokers or second-hand smoke.In particular pregnant women who are the second-hand smoke can lead low birth weight (LBW) babies. This study aims to determine the impact of second- hand smoke in pregnancy toward LBW in the district of Aceh Besar in 2016. A case control study was done in district of Aceh Besar, Aceh province, Indonesia. The total sample was 120 neonates (1:1), 60 neonates were LBW (cases) and 60 neonates were normal weight (controls). Data collection was doneusing a questionnaire filled in by the parents. The univariate analysiswas described with percentages and the Wald-Wolfowithz run test was used for the bivariate analysis. The results showed that the majority of mothers had a good knowledge about the dangers of smoking, ie 91 or 75.8%. Most of the mothers had positive attitudes for male smokers. The smoking men are co...
Prevalence and associated factors of passive smoking in Thai infants
Preventive Medicine, 2008
Background. Passive smoking or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with an increased risk of several respiratory illnesses for infants. Objective. To assess the prevalence and the associated factors of ETS exposure in Thai infants. Methods. A cross-sectional survey based on interviews with parents of infants aged 1 year old, conducted during October 2001-August 2003, under the Prospective Cohort study of Thai Children. Results. A total of 3256 parents (76.7% of eligible subjects) provided the required information. The prevalences of father or mother smoking in the same room as the infants were 35.1 and 0.3% respectively. Smoking in the presence of an infant was significantly associated with paternal age of 25-34 or more than 44 years, education at or less than secondary school, and a Muslim father. Conclusions. The results suggest that ETS exposure is common in Thai infants and the main source of exposure is from a smoking father. This finding is different from other studies in Western countries where both the father and mother made substantial contributions to infant exposure to ETS. Interventions should be considered to reduce infant exposure to ETS.