The experience of diabetic retinopathy: A qualitative study (original) (raw)

2011, British Journal of Health Psychology

Objectives. The aim of this study was to address the gap in our understanding of the experiences of people with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and how they manage their daily lives. Methods. Individual, semi-structured interviews were held with 10 individuals residing in Co. Donegal, Ireland who were diagnosed with diabetes and had visual loss as a result of retinopathy. Verbatim transcripts of these interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results. The main themes identified in the qualitative analysis were losses resulting from DR; coping with the emotional impact of loss; and self-management and lifestyle. DR was associated with a number of losses. The visual loss was accompanied by a sense of dependence, social isolation, and the loss of important social and occupational roles. The perceived loss of independence and mobility resulted in a need for support in managing the lifestyle changes necessary for good blood sugar control particularly with regard to exercise. A variety of coping strategies were employed and social and family support was perceived to be important to maintain psychological well-being. Conclusions. The findings highlight the importance of providing these individuals with appropriate professional support to facilitate the management of both conditions. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. DM occurs when the body is unable to produce insulin (Type 1) or when the body becomes resistant to the action of insulin [Type 2 (T2)] (Marshall & Flyvbjerg, 2006; Pooley, Gerrard, Hollis, Morton, & Astbury, 2001). T2 DM develops in later adult life, accounting for 95% of all cases. There are currently over 170 million people living with DM across the globe. By 2030, these figures are expected to rise to 366 million (WHO, 2006). If untreated, DM can lead to major complications such as coronary heart disease, kidney failure, and limb amputations. More than 75% of patients who have DM for more than 20 years will have some form of visual impairment caused by retinopathy