Abnormalities in the shape of murine sperm after acute testicular X-irradiation (original) (raw)
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Effects of X-irradiation on mouse testicular cells and sperm chromatin structure
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 1995
The testicular regions of male mice were exposed to x-ray doses ranging from 0 to 400 rads. Forty days after exposure the mice were killed and the testes and cauda epididymal sperm removed surgically. Flow cytometric measurements of acridine orange stained testicular samples indicated a repopulation of testicular cell types following x-ray killing of stem cells. Cauda epididymal sperm were analyzed by the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), a flow cytometric measurement of the susceptibility of the Key words: sperm, x-rays, testis, acridine oran PhologY sperm nuclear DNA to in situ acid denaturation. The SCSA detected increased susceptibility to DNA denaturation in situ after 12.5 rads of x-ray exposure, with significant increases following 25 rads. Abnormal sperm head morphology was not significantly increased until the testes were exposed to 60 rads of x-rays. These data suggest that the SCSA is currently the most sensitive, noninvasive method of detecting x-ray damage to testicular stem spermatogonia. 0 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of radiation-induced changes in sperm morphology
PubMed, 1982
When developing spermatogenic cells are exposed to radiation, chemical carcinogens or mutagens, the transformation in the morphology of the mature sperm can be used to determine the severity of the exposure. In this study five groups of mice with three mice per group received testicular doses of X irradiation at dosage levels ranging from 0 rad to 120 rad. A random sample of 100 mature sperm per mouse was analyzed five weeks later for the quantitative morphologic transformation as a function of dosage level. The cells were stained with gallocyanin chrome alum (GCA) so that only the DNA in the sperm head was visible. The ACUity quantitative microscopy system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was used to scan the sperm at a sampling density of 16 points per linear micrometer and with 256 brightness levels per point. The contour of each cell was extracted using conventional thresholding techniques on the high-contrast images. For each contour a variety of shape features was then computed to characterize the morphology of that cell. Using the control group and the distribution of their shape features to establish the variability of a normal sperm population, the 95% limits on normal morphology were established. Using only four shape features, a doubling dose of approximately 39 rad was determined. That is, at 39 rad exposure the percentage of abnormal cells was twice that occurring in the control population. This compared to a doubling dose of approximately 70 rad obtained from a concurrent visual procedure.
Biology of Reproduction, 2002
The single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay has been widely used to measure DNA damage in human sperm in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. We investigated the effects of in vivo radiation, a known genotoxin, on spermatogenic cells of the mouse testis and examined sperm collected from the vas deferens using the neutral Comet assay. Irradiation of differentiating spermatogonia with 0.25-4 Gy Xrays produced a dose-related increase in DNA damage in sperm collected 45 days later. Increases were found when measuring Comet tail length and percentage of tail DNA, but the greatest changes were in tail moment (a product of tail length and tail DNA). Spermatids, spermatocytes, differentiating spermatogonia, and stem cell spermatogonia were also irradiated in vivo with 4 Gy X-rays. DNA damage was indirectly deduced to occur at all stages. The maximum increase was seen in differentiating spermatogonia. DNA damaged cells were, surprisingly, still detected 120 days after stem cell spermatogonia had been irradiated. The distribution of DNA damage among individual sperm cells after irradiation was heterogeneous. This was seen most clearly when changes in the Comet tail length were measured when there were discrete undamaged and damaged populations. After increasing doses of irradiation, an increasing proportion of cells were found in the damaged population. Because a proportion of undamaged sperm cells remains after all but the highest dose, the possibility of normal fertility remains. However, fertilization with a spermatozoa carrying high amounts of DNA damage could lead to effects as diverse as embryonic death and cancer susceptibility in the offspring.
2015
The present study was done to determine and evaluate the effect of X-ray irradiation on the testicular tissue of rabbits those were exposed for a long time. Ten male rabbits, 8-9 months old and their weight approximately two kg. Rabbits were exposed to X-ray irradiation for two months/ twice daily. Blood parameters and testosterone hormone were measured within 20 th , 40 th , and 60 th days after exposure. Orchictomy were done by surgical methods after 60 th days for histopathological examination. The results revealed highly changes in testis such as atrophy, hyper atrophy, blood vessel congestion and suppression of spermatogenesis, blood parameter also changed and testosterone levels reach to zero at 60 th days after exposure. In concluding that the persistence of X-ray exposure caused deterioration and passive effects on testicular tissue and other organs of rabbits.
Original Contribution EFFECT OF EXTERNAL GAMMA IRRADIATION ON RABBIT SPERMATOGENESIS
2006
Adult male rabbits were subjected to whole-body external gamma irradiation at 0.5 Gy, 1.5 Gy and 2.5 Gy in order to evaluate its effect on spermatogenesis. The quantitative and qualitative parameters (concentration of spermatozoa and percentage of pathological forms) of semen were determined between post irradiation days 10 and 60. The highest degree of spermatogenesis impairment was observed in rabbits irradiated at 2.5 Gy. Following increase of the challenge dose, a reduction in spermatozoa concentration in semen and increased percentage of pathological spermatozoa were observed. The cytogenetic analysis of irradiated spermatogonia showed a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of radiation-induced reciprocal translocations, manifested primarily as ring and chain configurations.
Iranian Journal of Radiation Research, 2019
Background: DNA damage in male germ cells due to exposure to environmental and manmade physico-chemical genotoxic agents is considered as the main cause of male infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of combined modalities (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) routinely used for cancer treatment on mouse sperm chromatin in vivo. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight mice were divided into 12 groups: 3 irradiation (1, 2, and 4 Gy), 2 drug [Actinomycin-D (ACTD) and Bleomycin (BLM)], 3 ACTD/irradiation, 3 BLM/irradiation, and a control. Mice received intratesticular injection of 7μg/25 g of Actinomycin-D and Bleomycin before irradiation with X-rays. Forty-eight hours after irradiation, mice were sacrificed and epididymis and testes were removed. Sperm DNA damage was assessed with the use of alkaline comet assay. Moreover, morphology, and motility of sperms were investigated microscopically. Results: Result showed that drug alone had slight but not significant effect on s...
Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 1995
Radiation-induced perturbations in the steady-state spermatogenesis of mouse exposed to 0.05 to 2 Gy of 6"Co gamma-radiation were studied at 7 to 70 days post-irradiation flow cytometrically. Five quantifiable populations viz: elongated spermatids (HC), round spermatids (lC), spermatogonia and other diploid cells (2C), spermatogonial cells synthesizing DNA (S-phase) and primary spermatocytes (4C) were identified in the sham-irradiated controls. Exposure of mice to different doses of radiation resulted in a significant decline in the total germ-cell transformation ratio (I C:2C) at 2 1 and 28 days post-irradiation as compared to the control group, except for the animals exposed to 0.05 Gy. The lC:2C ratio is subdivided into two components viz. 4C:2C and lC:4C. The 4C:2C ratio decreased significantly on day 14 post-irradiation, except for 0.05 Gy where it was non-significant. Consequently, meiotic transformation (lC:4C) showed a significant increase on day 14 post-irradiation compared to the sham-irradiated control barring 0.05 Gy where the difference between the two groups was non-significant. The ratio of HC: IC (cell transformation during spermiogenesis) increased significantly at day 21 post-irradiation 0.2 to 2 Gy and between day 7 and 14 for 0.05 Gy as compared to the control group. It appears that a dose as low as 0.05 Gy radiation was able to cause the perturbations in the steady-state spermatogenesis of mouse and normalcy was not restored even up to 70 days post-irradiation at all exposure doses.
Differences in Radiation Sensitivity of Recovery of Spermatogenesis Between Rat Strains
Toxicological Sciences, 2012
Previous studies with Lewis/Brown-Norway (BN) F1 hybrid rats indicated that spermatogenesis was much more sensitive to ionizing radiation than in the widely studied outbred Sprague Dawley stock, suggesting that there were genetically based differences; however, the relative sensitivities of various inbred strains had not been established. As a first step to defining the genes responsible for these differences, we compared the sensitivities of seven rat strains to radiation damage of spermatogenesis. Recovery of spermatogenesis was examined 10 weeks after 5-Gy irradiation of seven strains (BN, Lewis, Long-Evans, Wistar Kyoto, spontaneously hypertensive [SHR], Fischer 344, and Sprague Dawley). The percentages of tubules containing differentiated cells and testicular sperm counts showed that BN and Lewis were most sensitive to radiation (< 2% of tubules recovered, < 2 3 10 5 late spermatids per testis), Long-Evans, Wistar Kyoto, Fischer, and SHR were more resistant, and Sprague Dawley was the most resistant (98% of tubules recovered, 2 3 10 7 late spermatids per testis). Although increases in intratesticular testosterone levels and interstitial fluid volume after irradiation had been suggested as factors inhibiting recovery of spermatogenesis, neither appeared to correlate with the radiation sensitivity of spermatogenesis in these strains. In all strains, the atrophic tubules without differentiated germ cells nevertheless showed the presence of type A spermatogonia, indicating that their differentiation was blocked. Thus, we conclude that the differences in radiation sensitivity of recovery of spermatogenesis between rat strains of different genetic backgrounds can be accounted for by differences in the extent of the radiation-induced block of spermatogonial differentiation.
Gamma ray radiation effects on some sperm factors of male rats
2020
Introduction : This work studied the effect of Soft Gamma radiation with doses rate 9.1 16.2 and 36.4 mGy/h of exposure on male reproductive system of s albino rats. Materials and Methods :Twenty rats were used in the experiment ,they were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 5 animals for each group. White rats were used in this study albino rats Blub/c which range between 2-3 months of age and 170 -200 gm of weight . Healthy of these mice were obtained from the collage of veterinary in Mosul University.rats were exposed to 9.1,16.2 and 36.4 mGy/h with period of 7h/day for 90 days ,then rats were divided into 4 groups each of group contain 5 animals . group I : considered as control group were placed in cages with out exposure. group Π :Rats group were exposed to gamma ray with 9.1 mGy/h at period 7day/h for 90 days. group Ш : Rats of this group received 16.2 mGy/h at period 7day/h for 90 days. group IV : Rats of this group received 36.4 mGy/h at 7day/h for 90 days . After exposure t...
The morphological changes of adult mouse testes after 60Co γ-radiation
Iranian Biomedical …, 2008
Background: Cytotoxic therapy can lead to prolonged azoospermia or even sterility. In the present study, we investigated the morphological changes of mouse testes after γ-Radiation. Methods: After anaesthetizing of NMRI mice, testes and their surrounding tissues were irradiated using a cobalt therapy machine. Four experimental groups were irradiated with fractionated doses of: 1.5+8, 1.5+12 and 1.5+16 Gy (with an interval of 24 h) and single dose of 14 Gy. Non-irradiated mice were considered as control group. Testes were removed 4, 6 and 8 weeks following irradiation, weighed and processed for light microscopic study. Diameters of seminiferous tubules and their lumens, epithelium thickness, percentage of different types of tubules and number of spermatogenic cell were measured. Moreover, sperm count motility and viability rates were evaluated in epididymis. Results: Number of normal tubules, epithelium thickness, tubules diameter and lumen diameter were significantly reduced with high dose irradiation in comparison with control testes. The recovery was observed after 8 weeks. Epididymal sperm count, motility and viability rates were significantly decreased in the irradiated mice comparing non-irradiated ones. These parameters were increased after 8 weeks. Conclusion: According to the results, irradiation can cause temporary azoospermia in mouse and this effect is reversible after 8 weeks.