Investigation on feeding level and milk production of Holstein dairy cows under farm conditions in Kosovo (original) (raw)
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Dietary Effect on Milk Composition in Different Dairy Cattle Farms in Chattogram Metropolitan Area
In the dairy industry milk is the most valuable product. The market value of milk depends on amount of yield and content of fat in milk. Breed or genetic factors are mostly correlated with the production rate and fat content in milk. For example, Jersey breed cattle have the highest fat and protein percentage in milk than other breeds. However, quality of milk also depends on other dietary factors such as crude fiber and crude protein content of the diet. Fermentation of crude fiber in rumen produces large amounts of acetic acid and butyric acid which act as a derivative of milk fat. Milk protein concentration depends on crude protein level in diet. In this study milk and feed samples were collected from eight dairy farms at Chattogram Metropolitan Area to investigate the dietary effect on milk composition. The highest fat, SNF percentage, and protein percentage of milk sample were found in case of Munna dairy farm in which crude fiber level and crude protein level of feed sample were higher than other dairy farm. The lowest fat, SNF percentage and protein percentage of milk sample were found in case of Moinuddin dairy farm in which crude fiber level of feed sample was lowest but level of crude protein in feed sample was near to Munna dairy farm. A better amount of crude protein in feed sample was found in case of Moinuddin dairy farm. However, due to mastitis and a poor management system, the protein content of milk on this farm was poor.
Media Peternakan, 2015
This study aimed to compare local dairy farmer ration formula with national research council in producing higher feed efficiency and milk production. This study had two stages. The first stage was in vitro study of dairy farmer rations which have different raw materials (R3, R4, and R5) with NRC based ration (R2) and Demo Farm ration (R1). The variables measured in this stage were proximate composition, volatile fatty acid, ammonia, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The first stage used a randomized block design with five treatments, three groups of ruminal fluid, and three replications. The second stage used nine lactating cows with three periods of lactation (one, three, and other) and used a randomized block design with three treatments, three groups, and one replication. Parameters measured were dry matter intake, manure score, milk production, body weight gain, body condition score, and technical and economical efficiencies. The first stage result showed that R1, R2, and R3 were three best rations in nutrient composition and fermentability (ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations were optimum for microbial growth and high digestibility), so in conclusion those three rations were the best rations and should be compared by in vivo method. The result of the second stage showed that all tested rations were not significantly different in milk production, performance and efficiency, so in conclusion those three rations have the same quality.
2015
A research work was undertaken to find out alternative feeding practices for dairy cows in Baghabari milk shed areas. The trial was conducted in the village Alokdiar, Shajadpur, Sirajgonj. Twenty cross bred lactating dairy cows of 340 ±15.5 kg live weight were used for the trial. Animals were equally and randomly allocated dietary into four groups, T 0 (Rice straw + concentrate), T 1 (Napier silage + concentrate), T 2 (Khesari hay + concentrate) and T 3 (UMS + concentrate). There was no significant difference in total DM intake among the four groups. The DCP (kg/d) intake was significantly (P<0.01) differ among the treatment group. The highest DCP (kg/d) intake was observed in T 2 (0.824) followed by T 1 (0.739), T 3 (0.707) and T 0 (0.510). Higher CP content in Khesari hay which reflected DCP intake. The ME (MJ/d) intake was also significant (P<0.05) difference among the dietary groups. ME (MJ/d) was the highest 93.46 in T 2 afterward 92.21 in T 3 and lowest 77.56 in T 0 . The average milk yield (l/d) was the highest in T 2 (10.76) followed by T 3 (10.13), T 1 (9.86) and T 0 (7.31), respectively. Apparent digestibility were significant (P<0.05) variation among the dietary groups of animals in case of DM, OM and CP. The highest DM digestibility was observed in T 2 -Khasari based diet (74.00±1.54) followed by T 3 -UMS (73.11±1.33), T 1 -Napier silage (70.00±1.23) and T 0 -rice straw (53.00±0.97) based diet, respectively. Introduction of legume hay as modified feeding practice may be an alternative feeding system to sustain milk production during lean period.
Diet and bioclimatic conditions on production and milk quality
2017
It was aimed to analyze the productive performance of lactating cows on isoprotein fed diets, at differentiated environmental conditions. Eight Holstein cows were used, grouped in two 4 × 4 balanced Latin squares design. The treatments were evaluated in 2 × 2 factorial designs: sources of roughage (corn silage – CS plus concentrate, and the combination of corn silage with sugarcane - CSSC, 1:1 on DM, plus concentrate) and distinct environment (with= WS and without= OS, fan and nebulizers system= Sfn). The estimation of dry matter intake (DMI), productive performance and physicochemical parameters of milk were evaluated. There was no interaction effect of environment factors and source of forage. There was signiÀ cant effects for the source forage factors, where the DMI for the CSSC based diet was higher than the CS based diet in the effect of forage (4.22 vs. 4.06% BW, and 22.3 vs. 21.7 kg/d, respectively, P≤0.05), but with similar milk production correcting 3.5% fat (23.01 vs. 22.62, CSSC and CS; 22.85 vs. 22.78 kg/day, WS and OS, respectively, P≥0.05). The feed efÀ ciency and conversion was similar in both factors (102.8 vs. 104.7% and 0.99 vs. 1.0, CSSC and CS; 102.5 vs. 104.9% and 1.0 vs. 0.99, WS and OS, respectively, P≥0.05). The beneÀ t-diet cost ratio was higher for CS-based diet than for CSSC (7.44 vs. 6.97, P≤0.05). There were effects only in the forage factor for CP milk (3.26 vs. 3.23%, P≤0.05), lactose (4.54 vs. 4.49%, P≤0.05) and urea nitrogen in milk (23.21 vs. 20.71 mg/dL, P≤0.05) and the superiority arising from the CSSC-based diet in comparison to the CS diet. There was higher for T and THI (28.1 vs. 23.6°C and 75.1 vs. 71.1, respectively, P≤0.05), and lower RH to 2:00 pm (47.7 vs. 64.5%, P≤0.05). The linear score showed negative correlations with DMI, milk production, lactose and urea nitrogen (-0.36, -0.69, -0.44 and -0.32, P≤0.05, respectively). The use of the diet based on CSSC proposed increases in DMI and milk quality without affecting production, but with smaller beneÀ t-diet cost ratio. The use of the environmental cooling system did not improve the production, qualitative parameters of milk and thermal comfort of dairy cows under the conditions evaluated.
Effect of Feeding Methods on Feed Intake, Milk Production and Milk Quality of Holstein-Friesian Cows
Advances in Biological Sciences Research
This study aimed to determine the effect of different feeding methods on feed intake, milk production, and milk quality of lactating Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows. The materials used in this study were 16 lactating cows (2 nd-3 rd) with the bodyweight of 550-650 kg, which were divided into 2 treatments based on feeding methods. The treatments were the TMR method (T0) and the component feeding method (T1). Data on feed intake, milk production, and milk quality were tabulated and then analyzed using t-test. The results showed that the average dry matter intake, organic matter intake, and milk production in T1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than T0 (15.54 vs. 11.53 kg, 14.89 vs. 11.01 kg, and 21.06 vs. 15.89 kg, respectively). However, the effect of feeding methods on milk quality was not significant (P>0.05). The relationship between dry matter intake and milk production could be explained by the following equation: Y milk production = 0.6X DMI + 11.6, indicating that milk production was significantly affected by DMI. Based on this regression equation, it can be interpreted that an increase in DMI of 1 kg can increase milk production by 0.6 kg. The relationship between organic matter intake and milk production could be expressed by the following equation: Y milk production = 0.7X OMI + 11.6, indicating that milk production was significantly affected by OMI. Based on this regression equation, it can be interpreted that an increase in OMI of 1 kg can increase milk production by 0.7 kg. In conclusion, feed consumption, milk production, and milk quality of the dairy cows in the component feeding method were higher than in the TMR method.
American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 2021
A study was carried out at urban and peri-urban areas of Nekemte and Ijaji towns to evaluate the effects of formulated concentrate feeds on feed intake and milk yield of upgraded dairy cows kept by smallholder dairy keepers. Twenty four lactating dairy cows within their 2 nd months after calving and with similar status were selected from smallholder dairy keepers under zero grazing system whereby feed intake, BCS and milk yield data were recorded for a period of 90 days. The cows were randomly allocated to four feeding groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) in a completely randomized design (CRD). Cows in T1, T2, T3 and T4 were fed commercial dairy feed, recommended concentrate feed of ATRC, recommended concentrate feed of HARC and recommended concentrate feed of BARC, respectively. Basal diet for all dietary treatments were natural grass hay adlibtum. The average CP (%) and IVDMD % of the natural grass hay and recommended concentrates of BARC were (8.2, 7.95) and (25.88, 10.59), respectively. The daily concentrate DM) and CP intakes were significantly different (p<0.001) among the dietary treatments with highest values being registered for T4 (8.2 and 2.12 kg/d, respectively) and for T1 7.55 and 1.77kg/d respectively while the lowest values being registered for t T2 (6.28 and 1.3 kg/d, respectively) and for T3 (5.83 and 1.12 kg/d, respectively). The daily mean milk yields were higher (P<0.001) for cows in T4 (16.42 liter/day) and in T1 (15.10 liter/day) than those for those in T2 (12.55 liter/day) and in T3 (11.66 liter/day). Milk yield was also affected by location (P<0.001) with the highest milk yield being obtained at Nekemte town (15.15 liter/day) and the lowest at Ijaji town (11.49 liter/day). The largest change noted in variable costs was birr 120.79 per day and the change observed in net income was birr 361.24 per day, resulting in a marginal rate of return of 76.69% for T4. Among the concentrates recommended different research centers and the commercial concentrate, concentrate recommended at BARC and the commercial ones increased milk production and profitability of the dairy enterprise. Therefore, Feeding these concentrate types for upgraded lactating cows under smallholder dairy keepers is profitable both biologically and economically.
Milk Production in Commercial Cattle Dairy Farms in Kosova
2009
A study research was carried out in comercial dairy farms in Kosovo with the aim to contribute to the understanding of the situation of milk production and factors affecting milk productivity. Seventeen dairy cattle farms were selected for the study. The fresh milk samples were collected and record analyses were done according to the International Committee for Animal Recording using the A4 standard method, and were carried out from August 2007 till September 2008. Meanwhile, 4694 milk samples from 461 individual cows were collected. Depending on the cow breed, daily milk yield was very different (P < 0.0001) ranging from 18.92 0.22 to 12.34 0.53. Effect of the farm and lactation number was also very significant (P < 0.0001), showing that there are huge managment variation from farm to farm (for about 14.87 kg/day) and during different lactations (16.91 0.26 to 18.43 0.24 kg/day). According to this study, although in generaly milk yield was very much constant, in some months o...
Significance of Feed Supplementation on Milk Yield and Milk Composition of Dairy Cow
2019
Milk composition and production are the interaction of many elements within the cow and her external environment. Composition of milk influenced by many factors such as genetic and breeds differences, stage of location, milking interval, seasonal variation, disease and nutrition. Nutrition is the major factor on both milk yield and composition. The three factors: Genetic makeup, nutrition and management decide the productivity of dairy cows. Improvement of genetic make up only contributes up to 30% to production, while the 70% is dependent on nutrition and management. Unfortunately, indigenous of tropical dairies are low milk producers because of the shortage of nutrition. Poor nutritive values of feeds lower the production capacity and fertility potential of dairies. If fed well, with supplementary feeds and under good management, more milk could be produced from them. So, supplementary feed with optimum dietary ration providing for dairy cows in good management improves the produc...
Concentrate feeding and milk yield based on the field data of milk recorded herds
Agricultural and Food Science
Field data from 16 051 Finnish milk recorded herds including milk yield (MY), feed consumption, feed analyses, and the herd effect for milk yield (HMILK) obtained from the national breeding value estimation program, were analysed to detect the influence of concentrate feeding on milk production. HMILKs are deviations from the average national level with mean of 45 kg and SD of 722 kg. Mean MY was 6917 kg and mean dry matter intake (DMI) 5679 kg per cow per year. The effect of concentrate feeding on HMILK and MY was studied by using quantitative [amount of energy (FUI) and concentrates (CI) in the diet] and qualitative [proportion of grain (Gc) or compound feed (Mc) in concentrates or CP content (CPc) of concentrates] diet characteristics as dependent variables in multivariate regression analysis. The general linear effect of CI was 1.18 kg MY/kg CI. Production response of CI decreased with increasing CI as indicated by significant interactions between CI and CI classes. Gc showed a ...
Use of technical and economical parameters for evaluating dairy cow ration efficiency
Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2015
The aim of this study was the development of a model for evaluating dairy cow ration efficiency. This model took into account technical, metabolic, and economic parameters, which were divided into two main categories: input and output. Feeding (food administered and its nutritional characteristics) was considered as the input parameter. The output indicators were directly or indirectly correlated with feeding, and included: quality and quantity of milk, body condition score, live weight, reproductive parameters, incidence of animal diseases (laminitis), undigested fraction, fecal consistency, feed efficiency (FE), and income over feed cost (IOFC). The model was validated using ten dairy farms located in the northwest of Basilicata. The farms were divided into two groups (A and B) as a function of the urea level in bulk milk. In Group A, the urea level was between 25 and 31 mg/100 mL milk, whereas, in Group B, the range was 21-22.5 mg/100 mL milk. The model showed that the values of reproductive parameters were worse in Group A than in Group B. However, the Group A showed better milk qualitative and quantitative characteristics, such as a high average production per head (28.15 vs 26.93 kg), and a high fat (3.92 vs 3.71%) and protein (3.53 vs 3.37%) content of bulk milk. Moreover, the highest values of FE (1.45 vs 1.35 kg milk/kg dry matter) and IOFC (6.07 vs 5.32 €) were found in Group A. The model clearly showed that the administration of unbalanced rations, based on the physiological stage of the animals, negatively affected both the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of milk, as well as the reproductive performances. The administration of unbalanced rations for the energy/protein content caused dysmetabolic syndromes, which led to a reduction of both FE and IOFC. This, ultimately, caused a fall in the overall farm profitability.