Dynamics and drivers of land use land cover changes in Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Dynamics and drivers of land use and land cover changes in Bangladesh
Regional Environmental Change, 2020
Bangladesh has undergone dramatic land use and land cover changes (LULCC) in recent years, but no quantitative analysis of LULCC drivers at the national scale exists so far. Here, we quantified the drivers of major LULCC in combination with biophysical and socioeconomic observations at the sub-district level. We used Landsat satellite data to interpret LULCC from 2000 to 2010 and employed a Global Surface Water Dataset to account for the influences of water seasonality. The results suggest that major LULCC in Bangladesh occur between agricultural land and waterbodies and between forest and shrubland. Exclusion of seasonal waterbodies can improve the accuracy of our LULCC results and driver analysis. Although the gross gain and loss of agricultural land are large on the local scale, the net change (gross gain minus gross loss) at a country scale is almost negligible. Climate dynamics and extreme events and changes in urban and rural households were driving the changes from forest to ...
A Synthesis of Studies on Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics during 1930–2015 in Bangladesh
Sustainability
Land use and land cover (LULC) is dynamic and changes in it have important environmental and socioeconomic consequences. The pathways and pace of change vary with space and time and are related to the interaction between human activities and biophysical conditions in an area. This study provides a systematic review of the changing status, patterns, and compositions of LULC in Bangladesh on national, regional, and local scales over the past 85 years. The primary LULC classes in Bangladesh are agricultural land, urban and built-up area, forest and vegetation, water bodies, and wetlands. Most of the country is covered with agricultural land, followed by urban areas; the latter has been expanding rapidly in the area surrounding the capital city, Dhaka, especially the southern capital area. Forest cover is mostly concentrated in southeast Bangladesh, the Chittagong district, and the mangrove forests are predominantly located in the southwest, with the Gangetic delta. High population growth, rapid urbanization, and infrastructure development have been directly associated with changing patterns of land use across the country. In recent decades, urban areas and water bodies have been increasing, to the detriment of both forests and agricultural land. Most of the studies reviewed here describe a general trend involving agricultural and forested land being transformed into urban areas.
Spatiotemporal Change of Land Use Land Cover: A Case Study of Narayanganj Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh
Khulna University Studies
Major cities of Bangladesh have been experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization. These are incurring positive externalities to national economy at the expense of environmental degradation and deterioration of living environment. The ambivalent sequel of industrialization has made it necessary to study urban areas and monitor spatiotemporal changes to facilitate decision-making process regarding land use planning, resource distribution, priority setting for planning interventions. Thus, this study aims to classify land use land cover (LULC) of Narayanganj Sadar Upazila and detect spatiotemporal changes within the period of 2015 to 2020 using MLC algorithm based supervised classification method. To serve this purpose, sentinel-2 satellite imagery are used. The results derived from the study elicit an increase (24.14 acre) in industrial land in 2020 compared to 2015. Approximately 1,538-acres land transformed into built-up area in 2020. Decrease in vegetation (15.85%) and wa...
Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes
This study evaluates land-use/cover change (LULCC) and urban expansion in Hathazari Upazila, Chittagong, between 1977 and 2017 using satellite images. Spatial and temporal dynamics of LULCC was quantified using three Landsat images, a supervised classification algorithm, and the post-classification change detection technique through geographic information system. The overall supervised classification accuracy of the Landsat-derived land-use /cover maps ranged from 74% to 91%. The analysis revealed substantial growth of settlement (146%) and agricultural land (124%) in Hathazari Upazila, Chittagong, over the study period which resulted in significant decrease in the area of water bodies (68.9%), homestead (54.4%), and hill forest (43.3%). The research quantified the patterns of LULCC for the last 40 years for Hathazari Upazila, Chittagong, that might contribute to both development of sustainable urban land-use planning decisions and probable growth patterns.
With little known and explored urban morphology in the fastest growing countries like Bangladesh in South Asia, this study aims at exploring urban spatial signature and explaining spatiotemporal land use and land cover patterns in the five cities (Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet, Khulna, and Barisal) in Bangladesh. Using time series Landsat imagery, socioeconomic data and, other geospatial information with ecological analysis tools, this study quantifies and characterize the spatial-temporal landscape patterns and urban growth trajectory across the five selected sites. The spatial representation of these five sites demonstrates a continuous increase in urban/built-up areas replacing arable agricultural land, waterbodies, vegetation cover and wetlands, which thereby substantially altering the structure and function of the ecosystem surrounding the cities. Built up areas, representing impervious surface as observed from land cover maps in these five cities, are expanding quickly. The total built-up cover within the five cities grew from 2,356 hectares in 1973 to 13,435 hectares in 2014 with a net increase of approximately 468%, while vegetation cover and crops field within same time period declined at 27.77% and 61.91%, respectively. This dramatic urban/built-up expansion has resulted in an increasingly faster alteration in the landscape composition causing to structural complexity at both class level and landscape level. Such rapid and unplanned urban expansion further has brought an overwhelming challenge to planners and policy makers, and has put a strain on local authorities to properly manage and utilize its limited land-based resources due to lack of time series geospatial information. The resulting thematic map and spatial information from this study is, therefore, to facilitate an understanding of urban growth dynamics and land cover change pattern in the five cities in Bangladesh. The result further can aid planners, stakeholders, and other interested groups to make the best possible choices regarding limited land-based resources to achieve an economically prosperous and environmentally sustainable future.
Assessment of Land Use Transition and Crop Intensification Using Geospatial Technology in Bangladesh
2023
Despite dealing with numerous challenges, the agricultural sector in Bangladesh is consistently growing every year because of the crop intensification efforts in many areas to ensure food security. However, the effect of intensive cropping on land use changes remains unclear due to the lack of systematic monitoring. This study assesses Land Use Land Cover (LULC) dynamics, particularly in Bhanga Upazila (a subdistrict), Bangladesh, using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Landsat 5 and 8 satellite imagery to understand the impact of agricultural intensification from 1988 to 2023. This study showed that agricultural land utilization was increased by more than five times (551.8%) and the built-up area was expanded by 155.6% during the study period. This substantial land conversion was expected due to the significant decrease of barren and waterbodies by 63.1% and 72.4% at the same time respectively. Despite the fact that Bhanga was a typical rural place where agriculture had only a 5% (1012 ha) share of its total land (20,309 ha) back in 1988, Bhanga experienced a notable surge in agricultural land utilization over the past three decades from 5.0% in 1988 to 32.5% by 2023, with a temporary dip to 2.4% post a devastating flood in 1999. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) analyses justify the increase of agricultural and built-up zones, contrasting significant decrease in waterbodies and barren areas as detected by RF (Random Forest) machine learning algorithm. These findings reveal that crop intensification initiatives convert waterbodies and barren lands into croplands. Government policies and supports such as various agriculture extension activities, availability of irrigation facilities, adaptation of technologies, and improved regional connectivity likely contributed to this positive transformation. This study offers crucial insights for policymakers to take region-specific customized agricultural strategies to ensure food security and sustainability.
Trend Analysis of Land Utilization in Bangladesh
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2020
Due to alterations in physiographic and social-economic conditions, climatic changes, adaptation and population growth, the land utilization of Bangladesh is changing very rapidly. Small farms and landless household constitute about 80% of total area households, the majority of whom depend on agriculture for their livelihood. It is obvious that total agriculture land over the periods in the past has not increased although population has increased significantly [12]. Bangladesh is a small country but it bears a huge population, resulting in a very high density of population and very high intensity of land and resource use. Based on secondary data of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, an attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate the changes in land use pattern during the period of 1990 to 2015. Absolute utilization of land for different purposes during this period as well as trend values and growth rates were estimated. Trend analysis and exponential growth rate showed that forest...