Occurrence of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in superficial sediment of Portuguese estuaries (original) (raw)
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014
Concentrations and profiles of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were investigated in sediment and plants collected from a salt marsh in the Tejo estuary, Portugal. The highest PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations were detected in uncolonized sediments, averaging 325.25±57.55 pg g −1 dry weight (dw) and 8,146.33±2,142.14 pg g −1 dw, respectively. The plants Sarcocornia perennis and Halimione portulacoides growing in PCDD/F and dl-PCB contaminated sediments accumulated contaminants in roots, stems, and leaves. It was observed that PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations in roots were significantly lower in comparison with stems and leaves. In general, concentration of ΣPCDD/Fs and Σdl-PCBs in H. portulacoides tissues were found to be twofold higher than those in S. perennis, indicating a difference in the accumulation capability of both species. Furthermore, congener profiles changed between sediments and plant tissues, reflecting a selective accumulation of low chlorinated PCDD/Fs and non-ortho dl-PCBs in plants.
PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in sediment and biota from the Mondego estuary (Portugal)
Chemosphere, 2011
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2019
Polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants regulated by the Stockholm Convention of Persistent Organic Pollutants. Being hydrophobic and lipophilic, these compounds accumulate in the marine environment in sediments and lipid‐rich tissue of marine organisms, making these matrices preferred media for environmental monitoring. This document focuses on the analysis of PCDD/Fs and dioxin‐like PCBs (i.e. non‐ortho and mono‐ortho PCBs), which have a similar planar molecular structure to PCDD/Fs and, therefore, exhibit similar toxic effects. Because concentrations in the environment are low and common analytical methods result in co‐extractions of a large variety of potentially interfering compounds, analytical procedures are complex. This document includes comments and advice on sampling and sample pretreatment steps, suitable extraction and clean‐up procedures as well as preconcentration me...
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in sediments from Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea coastal waters and lakes in Shandong Peninsula were determined. The total PCB concentrations of the measured 50 congeners ( 50PCBs) in the sediments ranged from 273.7 to 644.5 pg g −1 dw (dry weight). The PCB congener profiles in the lacustrine sediments were different from those in the marine sediments. TriCBs and TetraCBs were the dominant homologues in marine sediments, whereas in the sediments from the Nansi Lakes, contributions of PCB homologues were similar. The total concentrations of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs ranged from 6.2 to 27.4 pg g −1 dw. The congener profiles of 2,3,7,8-sustituted PCDD/Fs for the sediments were generally similar for both the lakes and the coastal sea areas in Shandong Peninsula. They were characterized by high OCDD, followed by 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and OCDF. The congener profiles of PCDD/Fs in the sediments were consistent with the profiles of main dominant PCDD/Fs in pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate products in China. PCDD/F-TEQ ranged from 0.11 to 0.80 pg TEQ g −1 dw. The dioxinlike PCB-TEQ had concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.08 pg TEQ g −1 dw, mainly from PCB126. PCBs and PCDD/Fs concentrations found in the sediments were from background to low polluted levels.
CM Documents - ICES, 1996
The occurrence and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofiarans (PCDFs) were investigated in surface sediments (0-2 cm) of the Belt Sea and Arkona Sea as well as of the internal and external coastal waters of northeastern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). The concentrations of different PCDD/PCDF congeners especially of the most toxic congeners such as 2,3,7,8,-TCDD were measured. The sum of PCDDs varied between 66,2 pg/kg TOC and 2,1 pg/kg TOC. The toxicity equivalents (TEQ according NATO/CCMS) ranged between 1,1 mad 18,7. Elevated concentrations were observed in the surface sediments of the internal coastal waters with highest concentrations in the Warnow estuary and in the Oder Haft. This indicates a significant contribution of river discharge to the contamination of sediments with PCDDs. Elevated concentrations of PCDFs were observed in the Wismar Bight.
Environmental Practice, 2015
This study assessed current profiles of organochlorine pollutants in sediment of Escambia Bay and River in northwest Florida, United States (US), which experienced catastrophic environmental collapse in the 1970s as a result of unregulated industrial and domestic sewage releases. Fifty-seven composite sediment samples were collected with a ponar grab sampler. Organochlorines were extracted with United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 3550 and concentrations were determined with USEPA Method 1668A for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), USEPA Method1613B for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and USEPA Method 8081A for 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and 4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). For PCBs, 12 (21%) out of the 57 samples exceed the Florida threshold effects level (TEL) of 21.6 µg/kg and no sample exceeds the Florida probable effects level (PEL) of 189 µg...
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016
Concentrations of PCBs and OCPs were measured in 35 surface sediment samples collected from offshore waters of Central Vietnam. The mean concentrations of PCBs, HCHs, and DDTs in surface sediments were 86.5, 37.0, and 44.5 pg g-1 , respectively. Additionally, nine PCDDs, eleven PCDFs, and twelve dl-PCBs were also examined in 19 sediment core samples collected from five locations. Concentration of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dl-PCBs ranged from 200 to 460, 0.39 to 2.9, and 1.6 to 22 pg g-1 , respectively. OCDD was detected at the highest concentration, ranged from 100 to 300 pg g-1. Generally, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs at shallower depths were higher, meanwhile the depth profiles of dl-PCBs in sediment cores were different than the depth profiles of PCDD/Fs. The results suggest that the pollution of PCBs might be from many different sources leading to the variation between depths.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 2014
Combustion processes are considered to be the main source of the dioxin emission in the Baltic region. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its derivatives, pentachlorophenyl laurate (PCPL) and sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP) are known as precursors of dioxins. The research was conducted to obtain the first data on the concentration of PCDD/Fs and PCP in the bottom sediments of the Port of Gdansk. Toxicity (the Microtox® test) as well as several sediment parameters have been examined. In the surface layer of bottom sediments from the Port of Gdansk, all congeners of PCDD/Fs have been detected using GC-MS/MS. The highest concentration was obtained for OCDD (224.0–271.0 pg g−1 d.w.) and HpCDD (51.0–36.0 pg g−1 d.w.). The content of ΣPCDDs prevailed over ΣPCDFs. This may indicate that anthropogenic pollution from the land-based thermal sources has the strongest impact on the concentration of dioxins in the port sediments. The concentration of 17 dioxin congeners (WHO-TEQ) did not exceed the p...