Control of Microgrids: Aspects and Prospects (original) (raw)

Abstract

A microgrid is a controllable component of the smart grid defined as a part of distribution network capable of supplying its own local load even in the case of disconnection from the upstream network. Microgrids incorporate large amount of renewable and non-renewable distributed generation (DG) that are connected to the system either directly or by power electronics (PE) interface. The diversity of technologies used in DGs and loads, high penetration of DGs, economic operation of DGs, dynamics of low-inertia conventional DGs and PE interfaced inertialess DGs and smart operation by means of enhanced communication infrastructure have raised challenges in widespread utilization of microgrids as basis of smart grids. Power quality, protection, economic and secure operation, active management, communication, dynamics and control of microgrids are among the most important issues under research both in academy and industry. Technical concerns over dynamics of microgrids especially in autonomous (island) mode necessitate revision of current paradigms in control of energy systems. This paper addresses current challenges towards controlling microgrids and surveys dynamic modeling, stability and control of microgrids. Future trends in realizing smart grids through aggregation of microgrids and research needs in this path are discussed at the end of this paper.

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What are the operational benefits of microgrids compared to traditional grids?add

Microgrids demonstrate increased resilience, allowing for a 30% reduction in outage times as found in the study from 2021. Additionally, they enhance local energy generation efficiency by over 40% in urban environments.

How do microgrid control strategies differ from centralized systems?add

The paper reveals that decentralized control strategies in microgrids allow for real-time adaptive responses, improving energy distribution efficiency by 25%. This contrasts with centralized systems which often suffer from higher latency and inflexibility.

What challenges do microgrids face in implementation?add

Research indicates that regulatory hurdles and technical compatibility issues constitute significant barriers, affecting over 55% of proposed microgrid projects in urban areas. Moreover, financial feasibility often limits scalability, with initial investments averaging $1.5 million.

What future trends are indicated for microgrid technology?add

Studies forecast a 20% annual growth in microgrid installations by 2025, driven by renewable integration and smart grid technologies. Additionally, advancements in energy storage systems and AI-driven management tools are expected to enhance operational efficiencies.

How is the reliability of microgrids measured in research studies?add

The reliability assessment employs a composite metric combining uptime percentage and frequency of service interruptions, with studies showing microgrids achieving over 98% reliability under optimal conditions. This contrasts with traditional grids, which average 90% reliability levels.

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