Control of Microgrids: Aspects and Prospects (original) (raw)

Microgrid: Future Key to Intelligent Power Network

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2018

Microgrids are small scale version of the power grid in which distributed energy resources, storage devices and loads are localized in a defined geographical area. A microgrid offers an alternate solution to the grid stress problem. Microgrids are building blocks of the Smart Electrical Grid. Microgrids can be operated in grid tied and islanded mode. Power quality is a very important issue in a microgrid because it directly affects the operation of a microgrid. In this paper operational behavior of microgrid under various modes and loading conditions has been studied. Various issues and challenges are presented. Multi loop Control structure has been employed for the controller design to improve the performance of the microgrid. The purpose of this research work is to understand the dynamics of microgrid in grid tied and islanded mode to ensure reliable and secure operation. Simulation results for various conditions are performed to evaluate the performance of microgrid. It is shown ...

Control of distributed generation systems for microgrid applications: A technological review

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2019

Microgrid implementation requires effective and efficient strategies for controlling the grid parameters. Various problems are encountered with the deployment of distributed generation in terms of reverse power, an imbalance between power generation and nonlinear load. This paper is focused on the existing controllers in terms of their merits and limitations. Furthermore, the state of the art of the local power distribution system especially on renewable energy resources along with energy storage methods is explored. Reliability and stability of power flow between sources and consumers via voltage source inverter are also considered. The emerging microgrid concept in islanding and grid-connected mode using different controller along with soft computing algorithm are presented. This paper gives the reader fast insight into the context of the controller and its application.

Design and Control Issues of Microgrids : A Survey

Microgrids are promising and innovative grid structures that exploit their benefits to penetrate electric power systems worldwide. The rapid deployment of microgrids globally sheds light on many challenges faced in its effective design, control, implementation, and operation. Some of the major issues include islanding detection, harmonics, stability, optimal power flow regulation and protection coordination. Over the past five years, many researchers have attempted to tackle some of these issues. This paper aims at reviewing and summarizing some of the issues revolving around the design and control of microgrids, to provide a comprehensive analysis of the solutions proposed and a consolidated discussion of the research done in these areas.

Control of Microgrid – A Review on Recent Trends

– The ever increasing demand for energy and changes in climatic conditions that give rise to increased carbon gas in atmosphere in the past few decades have initiated the advancements in renewable energy technologies. However, integration of these distributed generations to the grid has made adverse impacts on the existing grid and its interconnected operation. A solution to this problem is Microgrid concept that will make the existing grid suitable for increased integration of renewable energy sources to it. Power quality issues and condition will decide whether the Microgrid is to be in grid connected mode or islanded mode. In either of the cases, control of Microgrid plays a vital role. Several researchers have presented various control strategies for Microgrid under different conditions. This paper presents a review all possible control techniques discussed in the literature for the Microgrid in both autonomous and grid interconnected operations.

The Evolution of Research in Microgrids Control

IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy, 2020

Microgrids (MGs), as novel paradigms of active Distribution Networks, have been gaining increasing interest by the and constitute an active area of research community in the last 20 years. Currently, they are considered as key components in power system decentralization, providing viable solutions for rural electrification, enhancing resilience and supporting local energy communities. Their main characteristic is the coordinated control of the interconnected distributed energy resources (DER), which can be realized by various methods, ranging from decentralized communication-free approaches to centralized ones, where decisions are taken at a central point. This paper provides an overview of this development focusing on the technical control solutions proposed for the various levels of their organization hierarchy. A critical assessment of selected, promising technologies is provided and open questions regarding the trend to more decentralized power systems are discussed.

Autonomous control of microgrids

2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006

Application of individual distributed generators can cause as many problems as it may solve. A better way to realize the emerging potential of distributed generation is to take a system approach which views generation and associated loads as a subsystem or a "microgrid". The sources can operate in parallel to the grid or can operate in island, providing UPS services. The system will disconnect from the utility during large events (i.e. faults, voltage collapses), but may also intentionally disconnect when the quality of power from the grid falls below certain standards. Utilization of waste heat from the sources will increase total efficiency, making the project more financially attractive. Laboratory verification of the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) microgrid control concepts are included. Index Terms-CHP, distributed generation, intentional islanding, inverters, microgrid, power vs. frequency droop, voltage droop, 1 This work was supported in part by the California Energy Commission (150-99-003).

IJERT-Overview of the Microgrid Concept and its Hierarchical Control Architecture

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2016

https://www.ijert.org/overview-of-the-microgrid-concept-and-its-hierarchical-control-architecture https://www.ijert.org/research/overview-of-the-microgrid-concept-and-its-hierarchical-control-architecture-IJERTV5IS030080.pdf The advent of the Smart Grid has enticed a lot of interest in the research of Distributed Generation (DG) thereby bringing into existence an intelligent electrical power distribution network. This distribution network is designed to possess desired characteristics such as reliability, security, stability and sustainability of energy. Distributed Generation (DG) employs various dispersed energy sources to generate electric power reliably and close to the load that is being served. The energy sources in DGs may include both renewable and non-renewable sources. The Microgrid (MG) concept is an integral part of the DG system and has been proven to possess the promising potential of providing clean, reliable and efficient power by effectively integrating renewable energy sources as well as other distributed energy sources. The energy sources include solar photovoltaics (PV), wind, fuel cell, micro-turbine, biomass, micro-hydro etc. Various architectures of MG are available and many more are still being developed. The architecture of an MG depends on a number of factors such as availability of renewable resources, geographical location of site, load demand etc. For effective and efficient operation, unlike the main grid, the Microgrid (MG) needs to employ special and proper control strategies. This is so because of the combination of conventional or traditional distributed energy sources and the high penetration of renewable energy sources most of which are intermittent in nature. As such, there is need for a control system that ensures proper sharing of the load among the distributed energy sources and also proper power flow between the microgrid and the main grid. The control system should be able to regulate the voltage as well as the frequency, both during islanded operations of the microgrid and grid-tied operation. This paper gives an outline of a microgrid, its general architecture and also gives an overview of the three-level hierarchical control system of a microgrid. The paper further highlights the importance of the Hierarchical control in the effective operation of the microgrid.

Microgrid, Its Control and Stability: The State of The Art

2021

Some of the challenges facing the power industries globally include power quality and stability, diminishing fossil fuel, climate change amongst others. The use of distributed generators however is growing at a steady pace to address these challenges. When interconnected and integrated with storage devices and controllable load, these generators operate together in a grid, which has its own incidental stability and control issues. The focus of this paper, therefore, is on the review and discussion of the different control approaches and the hierarchical control on microgrid, the current practice in literature with respect to stability and the control techniques deployed for microgrid control; the weakness and strength of the different control strategies was discussed in this work and some of the areas that require further research are highlighted.

A Comprehensive Review on Modeling, Control, Protection and Future Prospects of Microgrid

Imminent constraints such as sky rocketing energy costs and need for expansion of generation & distribution systems attributable to increase in demand of power has led to revolution in generation system and evolution of Microgrid concept. Various operating principles and configuration of Microgrid are discussed in this paper focusing its operation in grid tied as well standalone operation mode. Possible controlling schemes and protection strategies are also suggested in this paper keeping in mind expected future prospects and challenges that can come in way while interfacing Microgrid with the main utility grid.