Psychiatric Morbidity among Chronic Low Back Ache Pateints in Conflict Zone of Kashmir (original) (raw)
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Journal of Loss and Trauma, 2008
This study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, and coping mechanisms among the adult civilian population in Indian Kashmir. The Everstine Trauma Response Index-Adapted, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Coping Resources Inventory were used to assess the three domains. Independent-sample t tests were used between the directly and indirectly traumatized groups to explore each of the five hypotheses of this study. The results showed significant differences for all of the hypotheses. The implications of the study are discussed and recommendations given to address the mental health situation of the victims.
Objective: Kashmir valley has witnessed an armed conflict from last three decades, with one of the studies suggesting the prevalence of trauma exposure of 58.69% in the general population and 15.9% prevalence of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study was undertaken to explore the socio demographic profile and psychiatric comorbidity in treatment seeking PTSD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Psychiatric Diseases Hospital Srinagar, Kashmir from January 2006 to January 2007. A total of 100 PTSD patients were interviewed and screened for psychiatric comorbidity using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and their socio demographic details were recorded using a proforma. Results: Most of the patients in our study had multiple comorbidities. Apart from depression and anxiety disorders, somatisation and peri-traumatic dissociation was highly comorbid. Conclusion: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a complex diagnosis with commonly associated psychiatric comorbidity. The high comorbidity in our study sample could be due to repeated exposure to trauma, cultural expression of distress and the ongoing conflict situation which makes the recovery difficult. Recognizing the comorbidities early on may help to achieve an optimal treatment outcome. Finally, the lack of appropriate service provision results in increased morbidity and probable chronicity of the symptoms.
Acta Medica International, 2016
Objective: Kashmir valley has witnessed an armed conflict from last three decades, with one of the studies suggesting the prevalence of trauma exposure of 58.69% in the general population and 15.9% prevalence of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study was undertaken to explore the socio demographic profile and psychiatric comorbidity in treatment seeking PTSD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Psychiatric Diseases Hospital Srinagar, Kashmir from January 2006 to January 2007. A total of 100 PTSD patients were interviewed and screened for psychiatric comorbidity using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and their socio demographic details were recorded using a proforma. Results: Most of the patients in our study had multiple comorbidities. Apart from depression and anxiety disorders, somatisation and peri-traumatic dissociation was highly comorbid. Conclusion: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a complex diagnosis with commonly associated psychiatric comorbidity. The high comorbidity in our study sample could be due to repeated exposure to trauma, cultural expression of distress and the ongoing conflict situation which makes the recovery difficult. Recognizing the comorbidities early on may help to achieve an optimal treatment outcome. Finally, the lack of appropriate service provision results in increased morbidity and probable chronicity of the symptoms.
Journal of Loss and Trauma, 2008
This study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, and coping mechanisms among the adult civilian population in Indian Kashmir. The Everstine Trauma Response Index-Adapted, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Coping Resources Inventory were used to assess the three domains. Independent-sample t tests were used between the directly and indirectly traumatized groups to explore each of the five hypotheses of this study. The results showed significant differences for all of the hypotheses. The implications of the study are discussed and recommendations given to address the mental health situation of the victims.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2014
To estimate the Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) among adults in field practise areas of Government Medical College, Srinagar, India. The present study was cross-sectional in nature and was conducted in field practice areas of Government Medical College Srinagar. Three blocks of field practise areas of Government Medical College, Srinagar comprising of various villages were selected. Further 10 per cent of these villages were selected by the method of randomization sampling and then 10 per cent of household were taken again by systemic random sampling. In the selected household all adult population (18 years and above) were selected and screened by using General health questionnaires(GHQ). The patients who screened positive for PTSD (post-traumatic stress Disorders) were assessed and diagnosed. From the line listing the positive cases, the prevalence rates were calculated. Of the total 3400 subjects (age≥18 years), the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorders...
TREATMENT SEEKING POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER PATIENT POPULATION-EXPERIENCE FROM KASHMIR
JK-Practitioner, 2006
It has been argued that PTSD patients who seek treatment are rather atypical of the usual PTSD population. To study the profile of such patients in an Asian setup, from where hardly any such study has been reported, we surveyed 469 consequetive PTSD patients seeking treatment at psychiatric diseases hospital, Srinagar, who were diagnosed using DSM-IV guideines. Married subjects (50.71%) predominated, while most (62.68%) belonged to joint families. Majority (61.19%) belonged to the middle class. Most of the subjects had a low educational achievement (76.11% were below matric). Importantly, males (46.26%) and females (53.13%) had a comparable representation. Most patients (85.07%) had a chronic PTSD. 67% of patients had comorbid depression. (JK-Practitioner 2006;13(Suppl 1):S57-S60
Prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Kashmir Valley
BMJ Global Health
background Following the partition of India in 1947, the Kashmir Valley has been subject to continual political insecurity and ongoing conflict, the region remains highly militarised. We conducted a representative crosssectional population-based survey of adults to estimate the prevalence and predictors of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the 10 districts of the Kashmir Valley. Methods Between October and December 2015, we interviewed 5519 out of 5600 invited participants, ≥18 years of age, randomly sampled using a probability proportional to size cluster sampling design. We estimated the prevalence of a probable psychological disorder using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ-16). Both screening instruments had been culturally adapted and translated. Data were weighted to account for the sampling design and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for developing symptoms of psychological distress. Findings The estimated prevalence of mental distress in adults in the Kashmir Valley was 45% (95% CI 42.6 to 47.0). We identified 41% (95% CI 39.2 to 43.4) of adults with probable depression, 26% (95% CI 23.8 to 27.5) with probable anxiety and 19% (95% CI 17.5 to 21.2) with probable PTSD. The three disorders were associated with the following characteristics: being female, over 55 years of age, having had no formal education, living in a rural area and being widowed/divorced or separated. A doseresponse association was found between the number of traumatic events experienced or witnessed and all three mental disorders. Interpretation The implementation of mental health awareness programmes, interventions aimed at high risk groups and addressing trauma-related symptoms from all causes are needed in the Kashmir Valley.
Psychosomatics, 2018
Background: The displacement due to wars and disasters is public problems as the people with displacement exposed to different kinds of traumas, violence, injuries, making them more vulnerable for large scale of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation with attempts and among of these disorders is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Iraqi have long bad experiences of wars, sanction and community violence that produced large scale of physical and mental disorders. Objective: Measuring the effect of displacement on mental health of internally displaced people (IDP) by estimating the prevalence of PTSD. Methods: Cross-sectional study was done during the January 2016 at major camp for internal displaced people in west of Baghdad-Abu-Graib camp. A convenient sample was obtained and each participant filled a questionnaire that consisted of socio-demographic, in addition to questions of Iraqi version of Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) for assessing the PTSD. Results: 20.8% of the participants had symptoms of PTSD. There was statistically insignificant between gender, marital status education and income with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Conclusion: High prevalence of PTSD symptoms among Internally Displaced People (IDP).
Life in conflict: Characteristics of Depression in Kashmir
Background: Mental, physical and social health, are vital strands of life that are closely interwoven and deeply interdependent. Mental disorders affect people of all countries and societies, individuals at all ages, women and men, the rich and the poor, from urban and rural environments. Depression is more likely following particular classes of experience -those involving conflict, disruption, losses and experiences of humiliation or entrapment. Many people living amidst the rages of conflict suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder.
BMC Psychiatry, 2019
Background: Experiencing conflict and displacement can have a negative impact on an individual's mental health. Currently, prevalence of mental health disorders (MHDs) at the primary care level in post-conflict areas within the Northern Province of Sri Lanka is unknown. We aimed to explore this prevalence in conflict-affected populations attending primary care, using a structured package of validated screening tools for MHDs. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine factors related to mental health disorders at the primary care level in Northern Province, Sri Lanka. A structured interview was conducted with internally displaced adults attending 25 randomly selected primary care facilities across all districts of Northern Sri Lanka (Jaffna, Mannar, Mullaitivu, Vavuniya). Participants were screened for depression, anxiety, psychosis, PTSD, and somatoform symptoms. Results: Among 533 female and 482 male participants (mean age 53.2 years), the prevalence rate for any MHD was 58.8% (95% CI, 53.8-61.4), with 42.4% screening positive for two or more disorders (95% CI, 38.6-46.1). Anxiety prevalence was reported at 46.7% (95% CI, 41.9-51.5), depression at 41.1% (95% CI, 38.7-44.5), PTSD at 13.7% (95% CI, 10.6-16.8), somatoform symptoms at 27.6% (95% CI, 23.6-31.5), and psychosis with hypomania at 17.6% (95% CI, 13.3-21.9). Conclusion: This is the first study at the primary care level to investigate prevalence of MHDs among conflict-affected populations in the Northern Province, Sri Lanka. Results highlight unmet mental health needs in the region. Training intervention to integrate mental health services into primary care is planned.