In Vitro Biological Characterization of Silver-Doped Anodic Oxide Coating on Titanium (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Patients receiving orthopedic implants are at risk of implant-associated infections (IAI). A growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threaten to hamper the treatment of IAI. The focus has, therefore, shifted towards the development of implants with intrinsic antibacterial activity to prevent the occurrence of infection. The use of Ag, Cu, and Zn has gained momentum as these elements display strong antibacterial behavior and target a wide spectrum of bacteria. In order to incorporate these elements into the surface of titanium-based bone implants, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has been widely investigated as a single-step process that can biofunctionalize these (highly porous) implant surfaces. Here, we present a systematic review of the studies published between 2009 until 2020 on the biomaterial properties, antibacterial behavior, and biocompatibility of titanium implants biofunctionalized by PEO using Ag, Cu, and Zn. We observed that 100% of surfaces bearing Ag (Ag-s...
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2020
An increasing interest in the fabrication of implants made of titanium and its alloys results from their capacity to be integrated into the bone system. This integration is facilitated by different modifications of the implant surface. Here, we assessed the bioactivity of amorphous titania nanoporous and nanotubular coatings (TNTs), produced by electrochemical oxidation of Ti6Al4V orthopedic implants’ surface. The chemical composition and microstructure of TNT layers was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To increase their antimicrobial activity, TNT coatings were enriched with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and tested against various bacterial and fungal strains for their ability to form a biofilm. The biointegrity and anti-inflammatory properties of these layers were assessed with the use of fibroblast, osteoblast, and macrophage cell lines. To assess and exclude potential genotoxicity issue...
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2019
The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method has been used to produce dispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the surface of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and nanotubular modified titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V/TNT5), leading to the formation of Ti6Al4V/AgNPs and Ti6Al4V/TNT5/AgNPs systems with different contents of metallic silver particles. Their surface morphology and silver particles arrangement were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The wettability and surface free energy of these materials were investigated on the basis of contact angle measurements. The degree of silver ion release from the surface of the studied systems immersed in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) was estimated using inductively coupled plasma ionization mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The biocompatibility of the analyzed materials was estimated based on the fibroblasts and osteoblasts adhesion and proliferation, while...
Materials Research, 2019
Titanium is used in orthopedic and orthodontic implants because it has good corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility. Thus, studies seek to obtain a coating to improve the adhesion between the bone and the implant, by modifying the metal's surface. The objective of this work was to biomimetically coat C.P. Ti with hydroxyapatite doped with silver nitrate, a component with antimicrobial properties, coating the metallic-ceramic composite with a polycaprolactone polymer film, which is known by generate improved implant-tissue interaction, and reducing postoperative complications from bacterial infections. The characterization of the material demonstrated the existence of the coating overall surface of the metallic substrate. The results obtained from the bacterial culture tests with Staphylococcus aureus showed that nitrate was effective in reducing the amount of live bacteria present in the supernatant, as well as those adhered to the surface of the material. In addition, the polymeric coating did not prevent the release of the bactericidal agent, not interfering in the effect there.
Acta Biomaterialia, 2012
Implant-associated infections (IAIs) may be prevented by providing antibacterial properties to the implant surface prior to implantation. Using a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique, we produced porous TiO 2 coatings bearing various concentrations of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (designated as 0 Ag, 0.3 Ag and 3.0 Ag) on a Ti-6Al-7Nb biomedical alloy. This study investigates the cytotoxicity of these coatings using a human osteoblastic cell line (SV-HFO) and evaluates their bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The release of Ag and the total amount of Ag in the coatings were determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry technique (GF-AAS) and flame-AAS, respectively. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the AlamarBlue assay coupled with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of seeded cells and by fluorescence microscopy examination of the actin cytoskeleton and nuclei after 48 h of incubation. Antibacterial activity was assessed quantitatively using a direct contact assay. AlamarBlue viability assay, SEM and fluorescence microscopy observation of the SV-HFO cells showed no toxicity for 0 Ag and 0.3 Ag specimens, after 2, 5 and 7 days of culture, while 3.0 Ag surfaces appeared to be extremely cytotoxic. All Ag-bearing surfaces had good antibacterial activity, whereas Ag-free coatings showed an increase in bacterial numbers. Our results show that the 0.3 Ag coatings offer conditions for optimum cell growth next to antibacterial properties, which makes them extremely useful for the development of new antibacterial dental and orthopedic implants.
Bio-Functionalization of Titanium Surfaces for Dental Implants
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, 2002
Since dental implants are used in contact with many different tissues, it is necessary to have optimum surface compatibility with the host bone tissues and soft tissues. Furthermore, dental implant surfaces exposed to the oral cavity must remain plaque-free. Such materials can be created under well-controlled conditions by modifying the surfaces of metals that contact those tissues. "Tissue-compatible implants," which are compatible with all host tissues, must integrate with bone tissue, easily form hemidesmosomes, and prevent bacterial adhesion. This research was aimed at developing such tissue-compatible implants by modifying titanium surfaces using a dry process for closely adhering to the titanium substrate and ensuring good wear resistance. The process includes ion beam dynamic mixing (thin calcium phosphates), ion implantation, titania spraying, ion plating and ion beam mixing. At the bone tissue/implant interface, a thin calcium phosphate coating and rapid heating with infrared radiation was effective in controlling the dissolution without cracking the coating. This thin calcium phosphate coating may directly promote osteogenisis, but also enable immobilization of functional proteins or drugs such as bisphosphonate for dug delivery system. At the oral fluid/implant interface, an alumina coating and F + -implantation were responsible for inhibiting the adhesion of microbial plaque. In conclusion, dry-process surface modification is useful in controlling the physicochemical nature of surfaces, including the surface energy and the surface electrical charge, and in developing tissue-compatible implants.
Titanium bone implants with superimposed micro/nano-scale porosity and antibacterial capability
Applied Surface Science, 2013
This study aimed at producing a multifunctional layer with micro/nano-interconnected porosity and antibacterial capability on a rough macro-porous plasma sprayed titanium surface using the plasma electrolytic oxidation process. The layers were electrochemically formed in electrolytes based on calcium acetate and calcium glycerophosphate salts bearing dispersed Ag nanoparticles. They were characterized with respect to surface morphology and chemical composition using a scanning electron microscope equipped with the energy dispersive spectroscopy and back scattering detectors. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the formation of a micro/nano-scale porous layer, comprised of TiO 2 bearing Ca and P species and Ag nanoparticles, following accurately the surface topography of the plasma sprayed titanium coating. The Ca/P atomic ratio was found to be close to that of bone apatite. Ag nanoparticles were incorporated on both on top and inside the porous structure of the TiO 2 layer.
The properties of bioactive TiO2 coatings on Ti-based implants
Surface and Coatings Technology, 2012
We report a method for the one-step synthesis of a thin layer of anatase TiO 2 on Ti6Al4V alloy for the improvement of short-term and long-term body responses. In particular, this method decreases the direct contact between bone tissue and metals, especially aluminium and vanadium, and improves bone osseointegration. The coating was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of titanium ions. Morphology advantageous for bioactivity and photocatalytic properties were achieved by using the appropriate dopants and surface-active agents during the processing. The coating was composed of pinacoidal anatase grains and strongly attached to the substrate alloy; it improved hydrophilicity and reduced the leaching of toxic metal ions. The coating also stimulated the formation of hydroxyapatite when soaked in simulated body fluid solution, which was influenced by different anatase planes.
Plasma-Assisted Silver Deposition on Titanium Surface: Biocompatibility and Bactericidal Effect
Materials Research
Dental implants are especially susceptible to bacterial adhesion and so microbial contamination. Several techniques have been explored in order to obtain implant surfaces enriched with silver (Ag). The main challenge is to obtain a bactericidal effect keeping the surface biocompatible. In this regard plasma-assisted deposition is a very attractive technique due to its versatility and low environmental impact. Thus, the present work aimed at evaluating the chemical stability, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility of a commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) surface containing very low amounts of plasmadeposited Ag. Ag deposition obtained by 10 minutes sputtering was able to promote antibacterial action (around 30%) on a clearly cytocompatible Ti/Ag surface with no apparent impact on biocompatibility. Taken together these results indicate that the proposed deposition process has a great potential for dental implant application with the advantage of using very small amounts of silver to achieve efficacy.
Applied Sciences
Though the antibacterial effect is advantageous, silver and silver nanoparticles can negatively affect the viability of human tissues. This study aims to check the viability of cells on surfaces with different particle size and to find the biologically optimal configuration. We investigated the effect of modified thickness of vaporized silver and applied heat and time on the physical characteristics of silver nanoparticle covered titanium surfaces. Samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and drop shape analyzer. To investigate how different physical surface characteristics influence cell viability, Alamar Blue assay for dental pulp stem cells was carried out. We found that different surface characteristics can be achieved by modifying procedures when creating silver nanoparticle covered titanium. The size of the nanoparticles varied between 60 to 368 nm, and hydrophilicity varied between 63 and 105 degrees of contact angle. Investigations also demon...