Special Issue-2015 CLSR-2015 Abstracts 4 (original) (raw)
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Management of chilli anthracnose by botanicals fungicides caused by Colletotrichum capsici
2017
Chloroform extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) rhizome, Clerodendrum (Clerodendrum infortunatum L.) mature leaf and methanol extract of Polyalthia (Polyalthia longifolia) mature leaf were tested against C. capsici radial growth, biomass production and spore germination on following poisoned food technique at 20, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml and carbendazim at 1, 5, 10, 20μg/ml was taken as standard fungicide control. The effective concentration of plant extracts and fungicide carbendazim were also tested in vivo and field condition following artificial inoculation by pin-prick method of fully matured fruits about to ripe harvested chilli fruits. The extracts formulated with solvent and surfactant (20EC) were sprayed on harvested fruits both before inoulation and after inoculation and incubated in moist chanmer at 28±1 °C. Under field condition the botanical formulations were sprayed on chilli plnts bearing mature fruits both naturally and artificial inoculated conditions at 40...
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2018
Chilli is found to be comprised of many plant derived chemical compounds that promote health. Anthracnose of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby, is one of the major and devastating diseases of chilli causes severe losses (10-60%) both in yield and quality of the chilli depending upon the varieties. Management strategies for this disease include use of disease free seed, resistant/tolerant cultivars and fungicidal sprays. Chemicals are the most common and practical method to control anthracnose disease. However, fungicide tolerance often arises quickly, if a single compound is relied upon too heavily (Staub, 1991). Fungicides are gaining importance in crop protection in view of their selective properties, low cost and safety to ecosystem. Many fungicides as a chemical have been identified to be effective in the control of plant diseases. Keeping in mind that the anthracnose of chilli, is one of the major and devastating diseases of ch...
Anthracnose of chilli is one of most important disease causing great economic loss. Anthracnose may cause yield losses up to 50 per cent. There is varied range of chemical fungicides available in the market for controlling this pathogen, viz. Colletotrichum capsici, but the extent of inhibition varies with different fungicides. Five fungicides viz. Kasugamycin (Kasu B 3%SL), Pyraclostrobin + Metaram (Carbrio Top 60%WG), Azoxystrobin (Onestar 23%SC), Fusilazole (Cursor 40%EC) and Carbendazim (Dhanustin 50%WP) were assayed for their efficacy against Colletotrichum capsici by Poison food technique. These fungicides were prepared at two concentrations viz. 250 ppm and 500 ppm concentration, evaluated for their toxicity against Colletotrichum capsici under in vitro condition using poisoned food technique. Under in vitro condition, all the fungicides which were tested against the growth of the fungus Colletotrichum capsici proved to be effective. Carbrio Top 60% WG was found highly effective with mycelia growth inhibition (72.66%) followed by (Azoxystrobin) Onestar 23%SC, (Fusilazole) Cursor 40%EC, (Carbendazim) Dhanustin 50%WP and (Kasugamycin) Kasu B 3%SL at 250 ppm with inhibition percentage of 60.78%, 43.77%, 31.1% and 24.4% respectively. Similar trend were obtained at 500 ppm also, the mycelial inhibition percentages were 81.45%, 72.33%, 66.67%, 52.4% and 35.2% respectively.
The effect of six fungicides and five plant extracts was tested against Anthracnose disease of chilli during winter season (2006-2007) at the laboratory and at the Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. The highest seed germination (80%) was obtained from ginger extract and neem leaf extract treated seeds in the laboratory, while the germination was 78.8% and 74.0%, respectively in the field. The efficacy of the treatments varied significantly in terms of disease incidence, disease severity and yield of chilli. Tilt 250 EC (T6), Proud 250 EC (T4), Cupravit 50 WP (T2) and Allamanda leaf extract (T¬9) showed promising effect against the disease. Application of Tilt 250 EC increased fruit yield of chilli by 195.9% followed by Proud 250 EC (177.5%) and Bavistin 50 WP (159.5%). Cost-benefit analysis showed that the application of Tilt 250 EC (T6) gave the highest BCR (4.07) followed by Proud 250 EC (3.68), Bavistin 50 WP (3.47), Allamanda leaf extract (3.16) and Dithane M- 45 (2.95¬ ).
Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) universally known as wonder spice and one of the most economical spice crops grown all over the world. Major production constraints have been identified as anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby known to affect the yield and quality of fruits during both mature and post-harvest storing condition. Chemicals being the only feasible means of controlling the disease with quick knock down effect, researchers are in continuous effort to find the new molecules that can be used alternatively with the existing chemicals to reduce not only the chance of development of fungicide resistance but also be environment friendly. Keeping in mind, the time required for developing resistant varieties and environment safety issue, an experiment was formulated with a new molecules Metiram 70% WG to find out its field efficacy and phytotoxicity even at higher doses. The experiment was conducted by taking a susceptible chilli variety Bullet during Kharif season of 2017 and 2018 under natural epiphytotic condition though pathogenicity of the pathogen was proved under laboratory condition. Result revealed that Metiram 70% WG 1400g a.i /ha with ultimate PDI score 9.93 was the most effective followed by Metiram 70% WG 1050 g a.i /ha with PDI 10.69 in controlling the disease and showed 60.70% and 57.69% reduction in disease over untreated control respectively. Pooled data analysis on fruit yield showed the similar results with incremental yield of 91.70% and 76.77% for Metiram 70% WG 1400g a.i / ha and Metiram 70% WG 1050 g a.i /ha over untreated control correspondingly. Metiram at higher doses did not show any phytotoxicity symptoms on the crop. Thus, the new molecule metiram 70% WG would be recommended as an integral part of integrated resistance management programmes in chilli.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS AGAINST Colletotrichum SPECIES IN HARVESTED CHILI
Malaysian applied biology, 2020
Chili is an important vegetable fruit but is commonly attacked by anthracnose disease during field or storage. A current practical method to control this disease is through synthetic fungicides. Although it shows the effective result, repetitive application of chemical fungicides may build up resistant pathogens, expose the risk to human health, and be regarded as not eco-friendly to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of several extracts and their potential to control Colletotrichum sp. in harvested chili. For this purpose, several plant extracts namely garlic, ginger, dragon fruit peel (DFP), and milk were used with the concentration ranged from 5 to 20%. All these extracts and milk were tested through in vitro antifungal assay and in vivo antifungal assay directly on the detached chili. The results show that garlic, ginger, and DFP were able to significantly inhibit the fungal pathogen of Colletotrichum sp. through in vitro study with p<0.05. Based on in vivo study, the only chili treated with 20% garlic extract, 20% ginger extract, and fungicide recorded a significantly lower percentage of disease severity (ds) as compared to the other extracts. Both 20% garlic and 20% ginger extracts showed good potential to inhibit the fungal pathogen. Therefore, the application of natural extracts should be focused and practically used as a control strategy in integrated pest management for plant disease, especially in chili production. This control measure is expected to reduce yield losses, operational cost while mitigating the environmental contamination due to overdose chemical residue.
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2020
Anthracnose of chilli causes pre-and post-harvest fruit decay, resulting in significant yield losses. We surveyed major chilli growing regions in India and identified six Colletotrichum sp. viz., Colletotrichum truncatum, C. gloeosporioides, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. karstii and C. cliviicola based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 115 pure cultures isolated from symptomatic fruits. Antifungal potential of aqueous, acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of 52 plant parts comprising 28 families were evaluated against all identified Colletotrichum sp. Out of these, aqueous extracts (30%) of Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Allium sativum and Phyllanthus emblica completely inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination and solvent extracts (5 mg) showed a clear growth inhibition zone in vitro against Colletotrichum sp. Aqueous extract of S. aromaticum and ethyl acetate extract of C. zeylanicum was strongest as observed shrinking of cell components and maximum zone of inhibition (60 mm) of Colletotrichum sp., respectively.
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2021
Colletotrichum capsici infection will be higher in the mature stage of chilli plant than in the early stage of plant (Krairuan et al., 2008). The fungus prefers warm humid environment for spreading the anthracnose disease uniformly and effectively. All the two contact and six systemic fungicides evaluated in vitro were found fungistatic against Colletotrichum capsici. Among all these fungicides, Tricyclazole was found to be most effective with significantly maximum mycelial growth inhibition and least mycelial growth followed by fungicides viz. Azostrobin, Tebuconazole, Difenconazole, Propiconazole, Carbendazim + Mancozeb. While comparatively minimum average radial mycelial growth inhibition was recorded with Hexaconazole followed by Propineb. All the seven fungal and one bacterial antagonists evaluated in vitro were found antifungal against Colletotrichum capsici exhibited significant mycelial growth inhibition. However, Trichoderma asperallum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum and Gliocladium virens recorded significantly highest mycelial growth inhibition. Rest of the bioagents, Trichoderma ligronum, Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma hamatum tested also caused significant mycelial inhibition of the test pathogen.
2017
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant extracts fraction on anthracnose of chilli. The experiment was arranged in randomized completly block design. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments with 4 replicates. The treatments were jatropa water extract fraction, ageratum N-hexana extract fraction, ageratum with no fractination, betel vine with no fractionation, propineb, and control. Variables in the experiment were disease incidence and disease severerity. The data homogenity were tested using Barlett test. The data were analysed statistically using anova and the difference between means were tested using LSD (α 5%). Results of the experiment showed that extracts of betel vine, ageratum, and jatropa leaves decreased disease incidence and disease severerity. The capability of betel vine with no fractionation and betel vine with water fractionation to decrease disease incidence and disease severerity were comparable to synthetic fungicide propineb Key Words: Pippe...