Analysis of the First Treatise on Machine Elements: Codex Madrid I (original) (raw)

2023, Foundations of Science

In this article, the manuscript of Codex Madrid I, Leonardo da Vinci's workshop drawings collection, is reviewed and the main mechanisms that appear in the aforesaid codex are analysed. It begins with a short reference to Leonardo da Vinci works and, subsequently, Leonardo's manuscripts and Codex Madrid I, in particular, are placed in their historical context. After analysing the historical scope of Codex Madrid I, a compilation of the 100 main drawings of the manuscript is made, composing nine Mechanisms Drawings Boxes. Each Mechanisms Drawings Box is a collage made up of 10 to 14 drawings of mechanical elements that appear in Codex Madrid I, with a brief description of each drawing. This compilation illustrates the wide range of mechanical elements and simple mechanisms of Codex Madrid I, forming, as a whole, a complete treatise on mechanisms, understanding mechanisms as basic elements of machines.

The Mechanical Sciences in Leonardo da Vinci’s Work

Advances in Historical Studies, 2019

This paper is a tribute to the fifth centenary of Leonardo da Vinci's death. The prominent figure of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) appeared during the so-called Quattrocento (fifteenth century) of the Italian Renaissance. His main famous contemporaries are: Sandro Botticeli (1445-1510), Rafael Sanzio (1483-1520), Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475-1564), and Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527). Florence had been a remarkable city since the previous century and was the political, economic, and cultural center of its region. Humanist and naturalist thoughts were relevant and a kind of driving force throughout this period, resulting in a vast development of the sciences, arts, and technology. In this paper, only Leonardo's production in the mechanical sciences will be presented, in both the theoretical field and applied mechanics, including designs and machine constructions even if unfinished.

Historical and Epistemological Reflections on the Culture of Machines around the Renaissance: How Science and Technique Work?

Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum, 2014

This paper is divided into two parts, this being the first one. The second is entitled 'Historical and Epistemological Reflections on the Culture of Machines around Renaissance: Machines, Machineries and Perpetual Motion' and will be published in Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum in 2015. Based on our recent studies, we provide here a historical and epistemological feature on the role played by machines and machineries. Ours is an epistemological thesis based on a series of historical examples to show that the relations between theoretical science and the construction of machines cannot be taken for granted, a priori. Our analysis is mainly based on the culture of machines around 15 th and 17 th centuries, namely the epoch of Late Renaissance and Early Modern Age. For this is the period of scientific revolution and this age offers abundant interesting material for researches into the relations of theoretical science/construction of machines as well. However, to prove our epistemological thesis, we will also exploit examples of machines built in other historical periods. Particularly, a discussion concerning the relationship between science theory and the development of science art crafts produced by non-recognized scientists in a certain historical time is presented. The main questions are: when and why did the

Explorations in the History of Machines and Mechanisms

History of Mechanism and Machine Science, 2012

This book series aims to establish a well defined forum for Monographs and Proceedings on the History of Mechanism and Machine Science (MMS). The series publishes works that give an overview of the historical developments, from the earliest times up to and including the recent past, of MMS in all its technical aspects. This technical approach is an essential characteristic of the series. By discussing technical details and formulations and even reformulating those in terms of modern formalisms the possibility is created not only to track the historical technical developments but also to use past experiences in technical teaching and research today. In order to do so, the emphasis must be on technical aspects rather than a purely historical focus, although the latter has its place too. Furthermore, the series will consider the republication of out-of-print older works with English translation and comments.

Trends in the drawing of mechanisms since the early Middle Ages

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2001

Drawing of mechanisms is a fundamental tool for mechanical design and representation. In this paper a historical study on the evolution of representation of mechanisms has been carried out in order to establish the historic background and identify the progress over time. Investigating several authors has identified basic changes in the evolution of mechanism drawing, and a few examples are reported in this paper to stress the main concepts. The drawing of mechanisms has evolved from an intentionally incomplete representation to a naturalistic and pictorial view, then from concise sketches and kinematic diagrams to modern abstract graphic pictures. The development of mechanism drawing has been strongly linked with and affected by the evolution of knowledge in mechanical sciences and particularly mechanism design.

Anatomy the teacher: On the impact of Leonardo's anatomica research on his musical and other machines

1967

An examination of Leonardo da Vinci's forma mentis as revealed in his notebooks, with particular reference to his bent for drawing analogies between disparate things, for example, a derrick and the human leg or the interior of a vaulted church and that of the heart. Novel recorders with elongated slits replacing the usual finger-holes were derived from a supposed analogy to the larynx, and a system of keys for wind instruments derives from an analogy to the muscles and tendons of the hand.

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Càndito C. (2015), Jacques Ozanam (1640-1718), in Cigola M. (a cura di), Distinguished Figures in Descriptive Geometry and Its Applications for Mechanism Science, vol. 30 collana "History of machine and Mechanisms", diretta da Ceccarelli M., New York, London: Springer, pp. 223-248

Michela Cigola (editor), Distinguished figure in Geometry and Mechanisms Science: Their contribution and legacy. From the middle ages to the 17th century, vo. 30 Collana "History of machine and Mechanisms", Springer, 2015

A Machine to "Build" artilleries,

in Illuminating Leonardo. A festschrift for Carlo Pedretti Celebrating His 70 Years of Scholarship (1944-2014), Edited By Constance Moffatt and Sara Taglialagamba, Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2016, pp. 201-209. ISBN: 9789004287556, 2016

A Survey on Roman Engineers and Their Machines

III Congreso Internacional de Patrimonio e Historia de la Ingenieria. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 07-09 Mayo de 2008, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Centro Internacional de Conservacion de Patrimonio,, 2008