LB047 ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF 300 kcal, PRODUCED VIA HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL EXERCISE, REDUCES FASTING TRIACYLGLYCEROLEMIA TWO DAYS AFTER EXERCISE (original) (raw)
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The objective of this investigation was to compare the acute effects of exercise and diet manipulations on energy intake, between dietary restrained and unrestrained females. Comparisons of two studies using an identical 2 × 2 repeated-measures design (level of activity (rest or exercise) and lunch type (high-fat or low-fat)) including thirteen dietary unrestrained and twelve restrained females were performed. Energy expenditure during the rest session was estimated and the energy cost of exercise was measured by indirect calorimetry. Relative energy intake was calculated by subtracting the energy expenditure of the exercise session from the energy intake of the test meal. Post-meal hedonic ratings were completed after lunch. Energy intake and relative energy intake increased during high-fat conditions compared with the low-fat, independently of exercise (P < 0·001). There was a positive relationship between dietary restraint scores and energy intake or relative energy intake in ...
Energy requirements in nonobese men and women: results from CALERIE
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014
Background: The energy intake necessary to maintain weight and body composition is called the energy requirement for weight maintenance and can be determined by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Objective: The objective was to determine the energy requirements of nonobese men and women in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy 2 study. Design: Energy requirements were determined for 217 healthy, weight-stable men and women [aged .21 to ,50 y; 70% female, 77% white; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) 22 to ,28; 52% overweight] over 28 d with 2 consecutive 14-d DLW assessments in addition to serial measures of body weight and fat-free mass and fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Energy intake and physical activity were also estimated by self-report over $6 consecutive d in each DLW period. Results: Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was consistent between the 2 DLW studies (TDEE1: 2422 6 404 kcal/d; TDEE2: 2465 6 408 kcal/d; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.90) with a mean TDEE of 2443 6 397 kcal/d that was, on average, 20% (580 kcal/d) higher in men than in women (P , 0.0001). The regression equation relating mean TDEE to demographics and weight was as follows: TDEE (kcal/d) = 1279 + 18.3 (weight, kg) + 2.3 (age, y) 2 338 (sex: 1 = female, 0 = male); R 2 = 0.57. When body composition was included, TDEE (kcal/d) = 454 + 38.7 (fat-free mass, kg) 2 5.4 (fat mass, kg) + 4.7 (age in y) + 103 (sex: 1 = female, 0 = male); R 2 = 0.65. Individuals significantly underreported energy intake (350 kcal/d; 15%), and underreporting by overweight individuals (w400 kcal/d; 16%) was greater (P , 0.001) than that of normal-weight individuals (w270 kcal/d; 12%). Estimates of TDEE from a 7-d physical activity recall and measured resting metabolic rate also suggested that individuals significantly underreported physical activity (w400 kcal/d; 17%; P , 0.0001). Conclusion: These new equations derived over 1 mo during weight stability can be used to estimate the free-living caloric requirements of nonobese adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00427193.
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Journal of sports science & medicine, 2011
The present study compared the metabolic responses between a single low-carbohydrate (LC) and low-fat (LF) meal followed by an aerobic exercise bout in females. Subjects included 8 active, premenopausal females. Subjects completed a LC and LF testing session. Respiratory gas exchange (RER) measurements were taken for 20 min fasted, for 55 min postprandial (PP), and during 30 min of exercise. Blood was collected for assessment of glucose (G), insulin (IN), triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA) during the final 10 min of each time period. The LF meal provided 396 kcal (78% carbohydrate, 7% fat, and 15% protein). The LC meal provided 392 kcal (15% carbohydrate, 68% fat, and 18% protein). No significant differences existed between test meals for fasting blood measurements. PP IN (μU·mL(-1)) levels were significantly lower following LC compared to LF [10.7 (6.1) vs. 26.0 (21.0)]. Postexercise (PE) FFA (mEq·L(-1)) levels were significantly greater following LC [1.1 (0.3) vs. 0.5 ...
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, 2017
Exercise is capable of influencing the regulation of energy balance by acutely modulating appetite and energy intake coupled to effects on substrate utilization. Yet, few studies have examined acute effects of exercise intensity on aspects of both energy intake and energy metabolism, independently of energy cost of exercise. Furthermore, little is known as to the gender differences of these effect. One hour after a standardised breakfast, 40 (19 female), healthy participants (BMI 23.6±3.6 kg.m-2, VO2peak 34.4±6.8 ml.min-1.min-1) undertook either High intensity intermittent cycling consisting of 8 repeated 60s bouts of cycling at 95% VO2peak (HIIC) or low intensity continuous cycling, equivalent to 50% VO2peak (LICC), matched for energy cost (~950kJ) followed by 90mins of rest, in a randomised crossover design. Throughout each study visit satiety was assessed subjectively using visual analogue scales alongside blood metabolites and GLP-1. Energy expenditure and substrate utilization ...
Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022
Background: Improved glycemic control has been reported for ∼24 h following lowvolume high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), but it is unclear if this is a direct effect of exercise or an indirect effect of the exercise-induced energy deficit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate-energy replacement after low-volume HIIE on 24 h glycemic control in women. Methods: Seven untrained women (age: 22 ± 2 yr; BMI: 22 ± 3 kg/m 2 ; VO 2 peak: 33 ± 7 ml/kg/min) completed three 2-day trials in the mid-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure blood glucose concentrations during, and for 24 h following three conditions: (1) HIIE followed by a high-carbohydrate energy replacement drink (EX-HC); (2) HIIE followed by a non-caloric taste-matched placebo drink (EX-NC); and (3) seated control with no drink (CTL). HIIE involved an evening session (1,700 h) of 10 × 1-min cycling efforts at ∼90% maximal heart rate with 1 min recovery. Diet was standardized and identical across all three 2-day trials, apart from the post-exercise carbohydrate drink in EX-HC, which was designed to replenish the exercise-induced energy expenditure. Postprandial glycemic responses to the following days breakfast, snack, lunch, and dinner, as well as 24 h indices of glycemic control, were analyzed. Results: The day after HIIE, postprandial glycemia following breakfast and snack were reduced in EX-NC compared to EX-HC, as reflected by lower 3 h glucose mean (breakfast: 5.5 ± 0.5 vs. 6.7 ± 1, p = 0.01, Cohen's d = 1.4; snack: 4.9 ± 0.3 vs. 5.7 ± 0.8 mmol/L, p = 0.02, d = 1.4) and/or area under the curve (AUC) (breakfast: 994 ± 86 vs. 1,208 ± 190 mmol/L x 3 h, p = 0.01, d = 1.5). Postprandial glycemic responses following lunch and dinner were not different across conditions (p > 0.05). The 24 h glucose mean (EX-NC: 5.2 ± 0.3 vs. EX-HC: 5.7 ± 0.7 mmol/L; p = 0.02, d = 1.1) and AUC (EX-NC: 7,448 ± 425 vs. EX-HC: 8,246 ± 957 mmol/L × 24 h; p = 0.02, d = 1.1) were reduced in EX-NC compared to EX-HC. Conclusion: Post-exercise carbohydrate-energy replacement attenuates glycemic control the day following a single session of low-volume HIIE in women.
Nutrition Journal, 2011
Background: The consumption of low glycemic index (LGI) foods before exercise results in slower and more stable glycemic increases. Besides maintaining an adequate supply of energy during exercise, this response may favor an increase in fat oxidation in the postprandial period before the exercise compared to high glycemic index (HGI) foods. The majority of the studies that evaluated the effect of foods differing in glycemic index on substrate oxidation during the postprandial period before the exercise are acute studies in which a single meal is consumed right before the exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming two daily HGI or LGI meals for five consecutive days on substrate oxidation before the exercise and in the concentrations of glucose, insulin and free fatty acids before and during a high intensity exercise.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Background: Few data exist on the metabolic responses to mixed meals with different glycemic indexes and their effects on substrate metabolism during exercise in women. Objective: We examined the effects of preexercise mixed meals providing carbohydrates with high (HGI) or low glycemic index (LGI) on substrate utilization during rest and exercise in women. Design: Eight healthy, active, eumenorrheic women [aged 18.6 Ȁ 0.9 y; body mass: 59.9 Ȁ 7.1 kg; maximal oxygen uptake (V O 2 max): 48.7 Ȁ 1.1 mL · kg Ҁ1 · min Ҁ1 ] completed 2 trials. On each occasion, subjects were provided with a test breakfast 3 h before performing a 60-min run at 65% V O 2 max on a motorized treadmill. Both breakfasts provided 2 g carbohydrate/kg body mass and were isoenergetic. The calculated GIs of the meals were 78 (HGI) and 44 (LGI). Results: Peak plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were greater after the HGI breakfast than after the LGI breakfast (P 0.05). No significant differences in substrate oxidation were reported throughout the postprandial period. During exercise, the estimated rate of fat oxidation was greater in the LGI trial than in the HGI trial (P 0.05). Similarly, plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations were higher throughout exercise in the LGI trial (P 0.05). No significant differences in plasma glucose or serum insulin were observed during exercise. Conclusion: Altering the GI of the carbohydrate within a meal significantly changes the postprandial hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic responses in women. A LGI preexercise meal resulted in a higher rate of fat oxidation during exercise than did an HGI meal.
British Journal of Nutrition, 2008
The effects of incremental exercise on appetite, energy intake (EI), expenditure (EE) and balance (EB) in lean men and women were examined. Six men (age 29·7 (SD 5·9) years, weight 75·2 (SD 15·3) kg, height 1·75 (SD 0·11) m) and six women (age 24·7 (SD 5·9) years, weight 66·7 (SD 9·10) kg, height 1·70 (SD 0·09) m) were each studied three times during a 16 d protocol, corresponding to no additional exercise (Nex), moderate-intensity exercise (Mex; 1·5 -2·0 MJ/d) and high-intensity exercise (Hex; 3·0 -4·0 MJ/d) regimens. Subjects were fed to EB during days 1 -2, and during days 3-16 they fed ad libitum from a medium-fat diet of constant composition. Daily EE, assessed using the doubly labelled water method, was 9·2, 11·6 and 13·7 MJ/d (P, 0·001; SED 0·45) for the women and 12·2, 14·0 and 16·7 MJ/d (P¼ 0·007; SED 1·11) for the men on the Nex, Mex and Hex treatments, respectively. EI was 8·3, 8·6 and 9·9 MJ/d (P¼ 0·118; SED 0·72) for the women and 10·6, 11·6 and 12·0 MJ/d (P¼ 0·031; SED 0·47) for the men, respectively. On average, subjects compensated for about 30 % of the exercise-induced energy deficit. However, the degree of compensation varied considerably among individuals. The present study captured the initial compensation in EI for exercise-induced energy deficits. Total compensation would take a matter of weeks.