Electrochemical Removal of Copper and Lead from Industrial Wastewater: Mass Transport Enhancement (original) (raw)
Related papers
Effect of Ultrasound and Electrode Material on Electrochemical Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 2012
The effect of ultrasound (US) and electrode material on electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater was studied. Samples were taken from three industries i.e. battery, ghee and tannery. Treatment efficiency was monitored by comparing the results of electrochemical and sonoelectrochemical processes in terms of metals and chemical oxygen demand COD removal. Experiments were performed in ultrasonic bath. In sonoelectrochemical process concentration of Pb decreased from 11.5 to 0.6 ppm at 80 kHz form battery industry. Similarly about 95 % removal of Cr (III) was observed from tannery wastewater using lead cathode. Titanium anode was found best counter electrode in metals removing. High COD removal was obtained by using steel anode at 80 kHz. Use of ultrasound is very effective in removing heavy metals and organic pollutants from industrial wastewater.
Water Research, 2002
A novel combination of an ultrasonic field with electrolysis for the removal of copper is studied. In the ultrasonic field, cavitation acts as jets and agitates the solution and breaks the barrier layer between the cathode surface and the bulk of the solution, thus increases the metal deposition on the cathode surface. The results show that an ultrasonic field is successful for the removal of low copper concentrations in solution.
Effect of ultrasound on leaching of lead from landfilled metallurgical residues
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2020
The potential of ultrasound as a process intensification technique in the extraction of lead from a landfilled metallurgical residues is explored. The silent or non-sonicated process makes use of acidic sodium chloride as the leachate with lead leaching in the range of 45% if a three-stage process is followed. The mixture was sonicated in a batch setup manufactured in-house. The yield obtained in silent conditions at the end of 240 minutes was already obtained within 30 minutes with ultrasound, which by itself was an improvement of 8 times. The yield of the process as a whole was improved by 19-26%. The reason for this improvement was investigated with respect to the reaction kinetics The physical effect of ultrasound on the particle size was also studied by laser diffraction analysis. Finally, the improvement when using ultrasound in a multi-stage process was studied and it was shown that yields being obtained at the end of the 3 rd stage in silent conditions is already obtained in the second stage when using ultrasound with 20% more selectivity.
The effects of ultrasound and electrocoagulation on removal of manganese from wastewater
Engineering review
In this paper the effect of ultrasound and electrocoagulation on the removal of manganese from synthetic wastewater was investigated. It was shown that 20 kHz ultrasound alone is not very efficient for manganese removal, but it enhances the efficiency of electrocoagulation. It was also shown that settling has a great effect on the electrocoagulation process because it stabilizes the flocs. A total of four laboratory-scale experiments were conducted, and the optimal experiment included 10 minutes of ultrasound and 10 minutes of electrocoagulation with iron electrodes. Under these conditions, 89.0 % of the manganese was removed with an operating cost of 0.13 EUR/mg Mn. Adding the cost of replacing the immersed ultrasonic probe, the total operating cost increased 3000-fold, making the immersed ultrasonic probe method unviable for large-scale application.
Treatment of Tanneries Waste Water by Ultrasound Assisted Electrolysis Process
Journal- Chemical Society of Pakistan
The leather industry is a major producer of wastewater and solid waste containing potential water and soil contaminants. Considering the large amount and variety of chemical agents used in skin processing, the wastewaters generated by tanneries are very complex. Therefore, the development of treatment methods for these effluents is extremely necessary. In this work the electrochemical treatment of a tannery wastewater by ultrasound assisted electrochemical process, using stainless steel and lead cathode and titanium anodes was studied. Effect of ultrasound irradiation at various ultrasonic intensities 0, 40, 60 and 80% on electrochemical removal of chromium was investigated. Experiments were conducted at two pH conditions of pH 3 and 9. Significant removal of chromium was found at pH 3 and it was also noticed that by increasing ultrasonic intensities, percentage removal of chromium and sulfate also increases. The optimum removal of chromium and sulfate ions was observed at 80% ultrasonic intensity. The technique of electrolysis assisted with ultrasonic waves can be further improved and can be the future waste water treatment process for industries.
Determination of the ultrasonic effectiveness in advanced wastewater treatment
Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 2006
Abstract: Ultrasonic technology may be used for water and wastewater treatment as an advanced oxidation process. Application of this technology, leads to the decomposition of many organic compounds during cavitation process. In this study, the efficiency of ultrasonic in advanced treatment of municipal wastewater has been investigated by use of an ultrasonic bath. COD and BOD5 tests were used as the indicators of organic matter concentrations and three detention times for treatment were appointed at 10, 30 and 60 ...
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2021
Ultrasound-assisted soil washing processes were investigated for the removal of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) in real contaminated soils using HCl and EDTA. The ultrasound-assisted soil washing (US/Mixing) process was compared with the conventional soil washing (Mixing) process based on the mechanical mixing. High removal efficiency (44.8% for HCl and 43.2% for EDTA) for the metals was obtained for the most extreme conditions (HCl 1.0 M or EDTA 0.1 M and L:S = 10:1) in the Mixing process. With the aide of ultrasound, higher removal efficiency (57.9% for HCl and 50.0% for EDTA) was obtained in the same extreme conditions and similar or higher removal efficiency (e.g., 54.7% for HCl 0.5 M and L:S = 10:1 and 50.5% for EDTA 0.05 M and L:S = 5:1) was achieved even in less extreme conditions (lower HCl or EDTA concentration and L:S ratio). Therefore, it was revealed that the US/Mixing was advantageous over the conventional Mixing processes in terms of metal removal efficiency, consumption of chemicals, amount of generated washing leachate, and volume/size of washing reactor. In addition, the heavy metals removal was enhanced for the smaller soil particles in the US/ Mixing process. It was due to more violent movement of smaller particles in slurry phase and more violent sonophysical effects. In order to understand the mechanism of ultrasonic desorption, the desorption test was conducted using the paint-coated beads with three sizes (1, 2, and 4 mm) for the free and attached conditions. It was found that no significant desorption/removal of paint from the beads was observed without the movement of beads in the water including floatation, collision, and scrubbing. Thus, it was suggested that the simultaneous application of the ultrasound and mechanical mixing could enhance the physical movement of the particles significantly and the very high removal/desorption could be attained.
Removal of organic matter from water using ultrasonic-assisted electrocoagulation method
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Organic matter (OM) is commonly occur in freshwaters, and it poses a threat for health and environment. For instance, high OM concentrations increase the sludge volume and cost of the treatment process in turn. Remediation of water or wastewater from OM has thus become an important issue for the treatment industry. Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the preferred techniques of treatment for remediation of water from OM and other polluting chemicals, as it utilises simple and easy to run machines and tools, it requires less working area in comparison with conventional methods, and it is more rapidly pollutant separation than other methods. EC technique could be described by passing an electric current through sacrificial electrodes to produce metal hydroxides that separate dissolved contaminants from aqueous phase. On the other hand, the EC method has a limited efficiency in the treatment of high OM concentrations. The present study is thus intended to develop a new technique that combines an EC reactor with an ultrasound (US) field to remediate water from OM. The EC reactor, in this study, was made from four aluminium plats (500 cm 2 in gross area) and plastic container (1 L in volume). The operation of this combined method was optimised for the effects of key factors, such as the pH of solution, electrodes gapping, and current density. The obtained results proved that the US-EC technique removed 97.50 % of OM after 5.0 minutes of US irradiation, 20 minutes of electrolysing at current density 4.0 mA. cm −2 , initial pH 7 and gap between electrodes 5.0 mm.
International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2016
Solutions of the organic pollutant model, Crystal Violet (CV), were subjected to ultrasonic, electrochemical treatment and its combination. Ultrasound was tested at two frequencies (20 kHz or 800 kHz) and 80 W in deionized water. After 120 min, 20 kHz conducted to 6% CV degradation, while 50% elimination was observed at 800 kHz. No mineralization of the organic matter was detected in either case. Electrochemistry, using sulfate (0.35 mol L-1) with IrO 2 or Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) electrodes at 20 mA cm-2 , was also evaluated. After 45 min the IrO 2 and the BDD electrodes conducted to 8% and 95% degradation of the initial substrate; while 15% and 43% mineralization, respectively, was removed after 120 min. The impact of anions was as follows: 3 mM bicarbonate enhanced 800 kHz ultrasonic yields, presence of chloride and sulfate benefit electro-oxidation with IrO 2 and BDD electrodes respectively. CV oxidation at an electrode surface can be synergistically improved by ultrasound action at 20 kHz and 800 kHz. In the best combination tested (BDD electrode and 800 kHz ultrasonic wave), CV was removed in 45 min, while 80% of the initial organic carbon was eliminate using BDD electrode and 800 kHz ultrasonic wave.