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A geographic information system (GIS) in archaeology can be developed for the registration and the organization of excavations, to create a spatial database and to edit documents intended for publication. GIS is becoming a necessary tool as part of archaeological scientific reflection. This paper describes the methods and first results obtained during the implementation of a GIS on a site in the Vaise plain in Lyon (France). The approach lies in the continuity of the methodological principles described at the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century, notably by Laplace and Jauretche Méroc in 1954. The excavations took place in the Rhone département, 35 rue Auguste Isaac (Lyon, 9th arrondissement). The remains were discovered during a rescue excavation in 2010 by Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (INRAP) on the Vaise plain, on the right bank of the Saone and the alluvial deposits of Rochecardon, a tributary of the Saône. The site (1,900 m²) is characterized by a succession of occupations from the late Palaeolithic (Azilian) to the Middle Ages. The Epipalaeolithic remains presented a major scientific challenge: it is the oldest human settlement identified in Lyon. The vestiges are part of a sandy sedimentary sequence unfavourable for identifying and interpreting remains. Because of the unexpected nature of the discovery and the taphonomic context three ’excavation areas’ were defined with the service régional de l’Archéologie (direction régionale des Affaires culturelles de Rhône-Alpes). The Rue Isaac Azilian is a major discovery in the regional context, poorly documented for that period. In this context, the study of this well-preserved settlement, organized with an abundant lithic industry (about 16,000 elements for flint alone), provides an opportunity to understand the complexity of human behaviour related to procurement and the exploitation of lithic raw materials, as well as the spatial organization of an open-air site. From the very discovery of the Epipalaeolithic remains, the archaeological methods and study were structured to establish a dedicated GIS to optimize the treatment of data by providing a standardized structure and to integrate the GIS as an essential support for archaeological analysis. This approach provided an objective full view. The archaeological methods aimed at restoring the archaeological role in the natural stratigraphy and understanding the spatial organization of ancient prehistoric occupations. Each search area was given a metric grid. The manual excavation was conducted by sections measuring a quarter of a square metre and technical blocks (’passe technique’, or the manual stripping of 5 cm). A technical block is a localized independent volume that contains archaeological information (flint, bone remains, ...) whose spatial distribution (vertical or horizontal) can reproduce the stratigraphy and archaeological occupation. The corners of each quarter square metre were systematically georeferenced. The name of each technical block is the spatial index reference in the GIS for each volume created and takes the following form: “technical block number+quarter square metre” or P_Quart_M2 (e.g. 1 AA1d: first technical block from the quarter square metre AA1d). It contains the geographical position (X, Y, Z) of the centroid of the volume excavated and is represented as a polygon feature (polygon). Each quarter square metre was digitally photographed. These digital images of Azilian structures and layers were assembled to create georeferenced images using the corners of each topographically recorded quarter square metre. The quartzite pebbles and local anatexite plaque were digitized in ArcGIS, version 10 software tool incorporating Bezier curves. This step allowed georeferencing for each component linked to the Azilian occupation and the assignment of an identifier in the database. During the excavations, flint tools or other petrographic components were recorded in three dimensions (PI: ’pièces isolées’, isolated artefacts) and sequentially numbered. All sediments (56 t) were sieved. After sorting by types, the inventories of artefacts by spreadsheets were linked, using the spatial index reference of each technical block. The same was done for the three-dimensionally listed items. Data were collected with ArcGIS © software. Prior to the study, all the archaeological data were formatted in compatible spreadsheets for ArcGis software. The different databases, joined using the spatial index reference, were completed during specialized studies. During the post excavation study, these ’spatial datasets’ are structured and integrated with the GIS. This patterning phase, the standardization and prioritization of archaeological data, is a fundamental prerequisite for the GIS process. The robustness of the treatment and spatial analysis is dependent on the organization and quality of the database. Structuring it in the research context has led to different spatial and statistical analyses being carried out. Horizontal projections (profiles) were made by combining the ’PI’ and ’petrographic elements’ spreadsheets to restore the stratigraphic context and locate potential archaeological horizons ’in situ’. Axes projections reflect the general topographic relief — a TIN (Triangular Irregular Network) was created during the excavation. Different GIS projects (attribute query and automatic creation of polylines in particular) have allowed automatic mapping of connections between fragments. Maps (density maps, distribution maps for the presence / absence of certain tool types, percentage distributions of plant macrofossils and bone remains) are a methodological specificity inherent in the practice of archaeology. GIS is the only alternative in the context of reflection based on numerous archaeological spatial databases. Customary archaeological practices are updated by the emergence of new methods, new approaches and a potential field of analysis; the implementation and control are relatively simple but clearly dependent on the robustness of the database. In the Rue Isaac case, the GIS tool transcribed the usual procedure in prehistory. While the method established for data acquisition is not new, it appears as a ’GIS’ translation of the analysis process for archaeological remains.