Characterization of Monsoonal Rainfall in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Northwestern Nigeria (original) (raw)

Abstract

Wavelet transform has been underutilized in characterization of rainfall (Real Onset Dates and Real Cessation Dates) in the study area. This study aims at the characterization of monsoonal rainfall. Daily rainfall data of four stations for the period 1981-2018 were collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency. The Intraseasonal Rainfall Monitoring Index (IRMI) was generated and used in determining the RODs and RCDs. The Mann-Kendall test was used to detect trends of the rainfall characteristics. Wavelet transform was used in modelling RODs and RCDs. Findings revealed that RODs vary between stations. There is low (0.3 Spearman's Rank r) correlation between latitudes and Early Cessations (ECs) of rains. The Morlet wavelet analysis revealed that from 1999 to 2018, there were more of EOs and NOs especially in Kano station. We conclude that from 1981 to 2018 there has been a minimal increase in the retreat dates of rainfall in the study area.

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (31)

  1. Adejuwon, J. (2006). Food Security, Climate Variability and Climate Change in Sub Saharan West Africa. A Final Report Submitted to Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC), Project No. AF 23 accessed online at http://www.start.org/Projects/AIACC\_Project/Final%20Reports/Final%20Reports/FinalR ept_AIACC_AF23.pdf AGRHYMET (2005). Drought monitoring and early warning in the Sahel: The AGRHYMET experience. A Paper Presented at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction. Kobe, Japan, 18-22 Jan. www.unisdr.org
  2. Amekudzi, L. K., Yamba, I. E., Preko, K., Asare, E.O., Aryee, J., Baidu, M., & Codjoe, S. N. A (2015). Variabilities in Rainfall Onset, Cessation and Length of Rainy Season for the Various Agro- Ecological Zones of Ghana. Climate, 3(2), 416-434; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli3020416
  3. Ati, O. F., Stigter, C. J. & Oladipo, E. O. (2002). A comparison of methods to determine the onset of the growing season in northern Nigeria. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 22(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.712
  4. Benoit, P. (1977). The start of the growing season in northern Nigeria. Agricultural Meteorology, 18(2), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-1571(77)90042-5
  5. Camberlin, P. & Diop, M. (2003). Application of daily rainfall principal component analysis to the assessment of the rainy season characteristics in Senegal. Climate Research, 23(2), 159-169. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr023159
  6. Donaire, J. (2000). New definitions of climate and climatic change. Bull. Soc. Geog: Egypt, Tome LXXIII, 73, Cairo, Egypt.
  7. Danjuma, N. M., Yakubu, I. & Zakariya, M. (2020). Vegetation cover dynamics in the dryland of Northwestern Nigeria. Sahel Journal of Geography, Environment and Development, 1(1), 1-13. www.saheljournalofgeography.com.ng/journal/021951Paper 1.pdf
  8. Ekpoh, I. J. & Nsa, E. (2011). Extreme Climatic Variability in North-western Nigeria: An Analysis of Rainfall Trends and Patterns. Journal of Geography and Geology, 3(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v3n1p51
  9. Fasheun, A. (1983). Modelling of daily rainfall sequence for farm operations planning in Ibadan. Nigerian Meteorological Journal, 1, 102-109.
  10. Haruna, S. & Murtala, M. R. (2019). Assessing the length of growing season in the Sudan Savanna Ecological Zone of Nigeria as a challenge to food security for sustainable development. Agro-Science, 18(3), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v18i3.2
  11. Ideiao, S. & Santos, C. (2005). Analysis of precipitation time series using the wavelet transform. Revista Sociedade & Natureza, 1(1), 736-745.
  12. Kowal, J. M. & Knabe, D. T. (1972). An Agroclimatological Atlas of the Northern States of Nigeria with Explanatory Notes. Ahmadu Bello University Press, 111 pp.
  13. Merry, R. J. E. (2005). Wavelet theory and applications: a literature study. (DCT rapporten; Vol. 2005.053). Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
  14. Nikhila, S., Pavitha, U. S. & Krutthika, H. K. (2014). Face Recognition Using Wavelet Transforms. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 3, 1: 6740 -6746.
  15. Nouaceur, Z. & Murarescu, O. (2020). Rainfall Variability and Trend Analysis of Rainfall in West Africa (Senegal, Mauritania, Burkina Faso). Water. 12(6), 1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061754
  16. Odekunle, T. O. (2004). Rainfall and the length of the growing season in Nigeria. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 24(4), 467-479. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1012
  17. Oguntunde, P. G., Lischeid, G., Abiodun, B. J., & Dietrich, O. (2014). Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns in onset, cessation and length of growing season in Nigeria. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 194, 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.03.017
  18. Omotosho, J. B. (1992). Long-range prediction of the onset and end of the rainy season in the West African Sahel. International Journal of Climatology, 12(4), 369-382. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370120405
  19. Omotosho, J. B., Balogun, A. A., & Ogunjobi, K. (2000). Predicting monthly and seasonal rainfall, onset and cessation of the rainy season in West Africa using only surface data. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 20(8), 865-880. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0088(20000630)20:8%3C865::AID- JOC505%3E3.0.CO;2-R
  20. Samba, A. (1999). Les logiciels DHC de diagnostic hydrique des cultures. Prévision des rendements du mil en zones soudano-sahélienne de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Science et changements planétaires/Sécheresse, 9(4), 281-288.
  21. Sivakumar, M. V. K. (1988). Predicting rainy season potential from the onset of rains in Southern Sahelian and Sudanian climatic zones of West Africa. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 42(4), 295-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(88)90039-1
  22. Stern, R. D., Dennett, M. D., & Garbutt, D. J. (1981). The start of the rains in West Africa. Journal of Climatology, 1(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370010107
  23. Stewart, J.I. (1991). Principles and performance of response farming. In W, Muchow RC, Bellamy ZA (eds). Climatic Risk in Crop Production. Models and Management for the Semi-Arid Tropics and Sub-Tropics, Ford CAB International: Wallingford.
  24. Tiscareno, M. S., & Hedman, M. M. (2018). A review of Morlet wavelet analysis of radial profiles of Saturn's rings. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2126), 20180046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0046
  25. Torrence, C and Compo, G. P. (1998). A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,79(1), 61-78. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0477(1998)079%3C0061:APGTWA%3E2.0.CO;
  26. Umar, A. (2016). Vulnerability and Adapting to Drought by Smallholder Farmers in Drylands of North-Western Nigeria. PhD Thesis submitted to the Department of geography, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
  27. Umar, A., Mohammed, S. & Adamu, I. A. (2017). Smallholder Farmers' Drought Contextual Vulnerability Assessment in the Drylands of Northwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 8(1), 1486-1491.
  28. Umar, A. & Adamu, I. A. (2018). Comparative Analysis of Contribution of Assets Ownership and Livelihood Diversification in Adaptation to Drought of Selected Farming Communities in Northwestern Nigeria. Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1A), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.1.5
  29. Umar, A., & Adamu, I. A. (2019). Occurrences of Droughts in the Semi-Arid and Sub-Humid Areas of Northwestern Nigeria and Their Implications for Rural Livelihoods. in the Book of Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Water Resources and Arid Environments (ICWRAE 8). 22-24 January 2019, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia pp 01-11. https://icwrae-psipw.org/papers/2018/AridEvironments/1.pdf
  30. Usman, M. T. & Abdulkadir, A. (2012). On determining the 'Real' onset date of seasonal rains in the semi-arid and sub-humid areas of West Africa. Natural hazards, 66(2), 749-758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0514-9
  31. Walter, M. W. (1967). Length of the rainy season in Nigeria. The Nigerian Geographical Journal, 10(2), 123-128.