Economic and energy aspects of hybrid threat to national security (original) (raw)
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METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING OF THREATS INFLUENCE ON THE ENERGY SECURITY LEVEL
Вісник економічної науки України, 2021
When an energy transition takes place, geopolitical confrontation over energy resources and technological leadership intensifies, models of energy market are changed, energy carriers are used as a weapon to achieve political goals in "hybrid" wars, the need increases to ensure the ability of authorities to neutralize threats to energy security or reduce the negative consequences of their impact. To solve this problem, methodology for evaluating of threats influence on the energy security level was developed. The methodology based on a systems approach. Threat evaluation consists of three stages – identification, analysis and, in fact, evaluation. Threat identification consists of its detection, registration and description. The used formula is: the “factor of influence” due to the presence of “vulnerability” can lead to “negative consequences”. The analysis consists of establishing the vulnerability of the object, as well as possible consequences of the threat impact, taking into account actions of authorities, aimed at its neutralization. Threat evaluation consists of establishing the total risk for each identified threat by combining corresponding probabilities and cumulative negative consequences, which are due to the vulnerability of the object. The developed methodology was used to evaluate the Ukraine energy security threats as of 1 September 2021. It was found that the weightiest of them are: degradation of energy systems and networks, lack of professionalism in the policy-making, government interference in the energy markets functioning (as internal threats); cyberattacks, washing out of professional personnel, military actions (as external threats). A systematic assessment of energy security threats will allow the authorities to better understand the phenomena, trends and factors that may complicate or make it impossible the implementation of Ukraine's national interests in the energy sector.
Pravne teme, Časopis Departmana za pravne nauke Internacionalnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru, 2018
Apstrakt: Pod subjektivnim činiocima, odnosno subjektima nacionalne bezbednosti, podrazumevamo one činioce (entitete) koji imaju svest o sebi, svom okruženju i uticaju na to okruženje, a potiču od ljudi, ljudskih grupa, organizacija i institucija, i utiču na nacionalnu bezbednost. Subjektivne činioce nacionalne bezbednosti delimo na subjekte ugrožavanja i subjekte dostizanja, očuvanja i razvijanja nacionalne bezbednosti. U ovom radu autor se bavi subjektima ugrožavanja nacionalne bezbednosti na način da najpe ukazuje na prirodu ovih činilaca, a zatim i na podelu na unutrašnje i spoljne. Nakon toga, autor daje objašnjenje svakog od subjektivnih činilaca i način nihovog ugrožavanja nacionalne bezbednosti. Posebnu pažnju autor u radu posvećuje delovanju organizovanih kriminalnih grupa kao subjektivnih činilaca ugrožavanja nacionalne bezbednosti. Ključne reči: nacionalna bezbednost, subjekti ugrožavanja, bezbednosti rizici, bezbednostne pretnje, organizovane krimnalne grupe.
Energy Security in the Context of Geopolitical Instability
Law and innovations
Problem setting. Energy is the main resource, and therefore acts as an object of strategic interest and policy. There are many uncertainties in modern energy governance, as it is influenced by many political positions that have different approaches to how best to achieve the desired future and avoid undesirable developments in the energy market. The energy transition should be recognised as one of the main pressures that increasingly complicate and restructure energy supply pathways. The shifts it generates are not only purely technical, but also social, conceptual and political. Obviously, energy supply is in some way linked to national identity, the position a state takes in international relations, and technological development. However, as energy markets and resource supply chains are becoming increasingly global, national approaches to energy security (security of supply) are responding to international developments, in particular the Russian aggression against Ukraine, to vary...
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Endangering of Security of Republic of Serbia Through Non-Military Threats
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Nowadays, a greater number of significant dangers do not come from one or more states, but from non-state, mainly heavily controlled, entities and phenomena. By comparing security threats in the last decades of the past century and today, the problem that many countries in the world encounter today are unequivocal, that is, the dominance of the various forms of non-military threats of security at present, in relation to the military threats that dominated in the past. Non-military challenges, risks and threats are an increasing global problem and can endanger the interests and security of any country in the world, including Serbia.In accordance with contemporary events and developments, in the paper are comprehensively percived the ways of endangering the security of the Republic of Serbia by non-military forms of threats to security. The dominant forms of non-war threats to security, such as terrorism, organized crime and corruption and their ties, Albanian separatism, national and...