Increasing sorghum yields by seed treatment with an aqueous extract of the plant Eclipta alba may involve a dual mechanism of hydropriming and suppression of fungal pathogens (original) (raw)
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Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2012
Seed health testing and field trials were carried out in Burkina Faso to evaluate the effects of seed treatment with aqueous extracts of Eclipta alba and a binary pesticide Calthio C 50 WS (thiram 25%, chlorpyrifos ethyl 25%) on seedborne fungi, seedling emergence, and yield of sorghum. The treatments included soaking seeds with E. alba extract (6.25 to 25% concentrations), soaking seeds in water, dusting seeds with pesticide (4 g kg–1 of seeds), and no treatment. Seed samples with moderate to high infection levels of Curvularia Boedijn., Fusarium Link: Fr., and Phoma Sacc. were used for testing. E. alba extract and Calthio C caused significant inhibition of Leptosphaeria sacchari Breda de Haan (syn. Phoma sorghina Sacc.) in vitro. In field trials, a stimulatory effect on seedling emergence and yield increases of 7 to 38% were observed for E. alba and the pesticide treatments, as compared to no treatment. Yield increases were significant for plant extract and pesticide in two out of...
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2018
Seed-priming of sorghum with an aqueous extract from the herbal plant, Eclipta alba has previously been found to increase crop yield of sorghum in Burkina Faso dependent on field location. In the present study, a 2.5% w/v antifungal extract from the desert tree, Balanites aegyptiaca, was similarly shown to increase the yield of sorghum by seed treatment. The effect was compared to the effect of E. alba extract on different types of seeds in different locations. A participatory trial including forty-six fields in three agro-ecological zones was conducted using local, farm-saved seeds. The overall effect on yield conferred by the B. aegyptiaca extract was significantly higher than the effect conferred by the E. alba extract (+31% versus +21%, p<0.03). However, in one zone the opposite hierarchy was observed; also when formally propagated, seeds were used for testing. The same, SouthEastern zone was characterized by poor crop performance despite a relatively high rainfall. Antifungal activity was confirmed in both extracts in vitro and different levels of protection against the pathogen Curvularia lunata were demonstrated in seedlings. The findings are encouraging for a regionally differential use of botanicals in seed treatment and more research to understand local differences in the crop response is suggested.
Efficiency of Medicinal Plants to Control Seed Borne Fungi of Sorghum Grains
2019
Seed-borne fungi are the most important constrained factor which causing quantitative losses, produce highly toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins. Plant based fungicides appear to be one of the better alternatives as they are known to have minimal danger to consumers in contrast to synthetic pesticides. In view of the negative public health and economic impacts of storage fungi this study, aimed to determine the efficiency of some plant extracts for reduction or control of seed borne fungi in sorghum grains in agar plate methods. The results obtained revealed that seed treated with Olea europaea leaf extract was found the least in incidence of seed-borne fungi (50%) followed by Capsicum annuum (53.3%) in agar plate methods. Therefore, utilization of these plants as bio-control agents is recommended to reduce the proliferation of storage fungi.
Effect of seed treatment practices in controlling of seed-borne fungi in sorghum
Scientific Research and Essays, 2009
An experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness in controlling seed borne fungi associated with sorghum seeds obtained from two locations at the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. All the five seed treatment practices used viz. hot water treatment, garlic tablet, neem leaf extract, BAU-Biofungicide and Vitavax-200 reduced significantly the total seed-borne fungal infections as well as the population of individual six target pathogenic fungi-Agrostis tenuis, Bipolaris sorghicola, Botrytis cinerea, Crinum graminicola, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme. Increased germination higher than the national standard (>80.0%) was also obtained in all the treatments over the untreated control. Vitavax-200 gave the best result in controlling seed-borne infection of all the individual target pathogenic fungi followed by garlic tablet, hot water treatment and neem leaf extract. Neem leaf extract gave over 90.0% reduction in seed-borne infection of B. sorghicola and C. lunata out of the six target pathogenic fungi. BAU-Biofungicide gave the lowest control of total seed-borne fungal infections (61.6-62.3%) as well as seed-borne infection of all the individual target pathogenic fungi (<80.0%).
African Crop Science Journal, 2016
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a major subsistence crop throughout the region of Sahel. With the exception of seeds and labour, no agricultural inputs are in general used in sorghum production since the grain is of a relatively low commercial value and the risk of losing the crop to drought, flooding, etc. is substantial. A meta-analysis of 118 field experiments was carried out to identify conditions in which two protective seed treatments could support a yield increase of sorghum in Burkina Faso. The two treatments were: i) treatment with the pesticide Calthio C (thiram and chlorpyrifos) and ii) treatment with an aqueous extract from the plant Eclipta alba. Both treatments were found to produce a yield increase (Medians: Calthio C +199 kg ha-1 , P<2x10-9 ; E. alba +90.5 kg ha-1 P<4x10-4). A strong relative effect of Calthio C on yield (+36%) was found for field experiments with a low baseline yield. A strong relative effect of E. alba extract on yield (+22%) was found for experiments with a low baseline of emergence. ANOVA of the 118 field tests showed that baseline crop performance (yield and emergence) and the effect of seed treatments were strongly linked to geographical location (twelve different villages included). Roots from sorghum in the village showing the strongest effect of both seed treatments (>40% yield increase) were found to carry a comparatively high load of the infectious ascomycetes: Fusarium equiseti, Macrophomina phaseolina and Curvularia lunata.
International Journal of Bioassays, 2014
Seeds of three sorghum varieties namely Segaolane, Phofu and SNK-3939 obtained from different locations in Botswana were used for detection of seed-borne fungi and their possible control by botanical and fungicides. Four hundred seeds of each variety were surface sterilized with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution before placing them on moist blotter (10 seeds/90cm Petri plate), and incubated for seven days at 22±2 o C for 12 hours under continuous light and alternating with 12 hours darkness. Eight seed-borne fungi were recovered. These were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Alternaria alternate, A. infectoria, A. solani, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliformae and F. oxysporum. Fusarium species were dominant fungi recovered from the seeds, followed by Alternaria and Aspergillus species. The fungi detected resulted in decay and rotting of seeds, and thereby reducing percentage germination of seeds (3%, 29% and 58% seed germination in Segaolane, SNK – 3939 and Phofu respectively). Seeds tr...
Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 2012
The location of P. sorghina on the different parts of sorghum seed and the efficacy of plant aqueous extract of C. citratus and A. indica were studied using the blotter method. The identification of different parts of sorghum seed under a compound microscope shows that P. sorghina is present on all the parts of sorghum seed. There is a positive correlation between the infection of pericarp and the other parts of sorghum seed. The results reveal that 63% of endosperm infection by P. sorghina is explained by the infection of pericarp and 58% of embryo infection by P. sorghina is explained by the infection of pericarp and endosperm. The use of plant aqueous extracts in seed treatment lowers the infection rate of P. sorghina in all the components of sorghum seed. In comparison with the fungicide calthio C., plant aqueous extracts of lemon grass and A. indica have a tendency to lower the infection rate of P. sorghina.
Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports, 2024
Introduction: Plant diseases result in significant agricultural losses. Traditional methods to control these diseases, such as chemical pesticides and pathogen-resistant cultivars, have significant drawbacks, including deleterious environmental consequences. This study aimed to assess the protective potentials of inoculums and metabolites from growth-promoting rhizobacterial strains against sorghum seedlings infected by plant pathogens. Materials and Methods: Fifteen rhizobacterial inoculums and metabolites were tested against five plant pathogens (Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, Corynespora sp., Fusarium oxysporum, and Xanthomonas campestris) in this study. Four treatment groups were used for the study; infected-only, metabolite-or inoculum-treated-only, infected-treated, and control-group seeds. Following planting, the final germination percentage and the vigor index of seeds in the respective groups were calculated. Results: In general, all the pathogens showed infectivity on the sorghum seeds. In all cases, significantly higher germination percentages and vigor index values were recorded for the treated-only and the infected-treated seeds when compared with the infected-only and the control setups. This was a constant observation irrespective of the pathogens used to simulate infection or the metabolites or inoculums used for treatment. Conclusions: The study highlights the potential of using rhizosphere bacterial strains, particularly PGPR, as biocontrol agents against important plant pathogens. Treating infected seeds with the inoculum or metabolite of these rhizobacterial strains improved seed germination and seedling vigor index compared to the infected, untreated seeds.
Effect of Seed Treatment on Sorghum Yield, Germination and Oviposition of Atherigona soccata Rondani
Biological Forum – An International Journal, 2023
The present investigation aims to examine the effectiveness of a few recently introduced systemic insecticide as seed dressers and their combined effect against the sorghum shoot fly. A field study carried out in three replications using a Randomized Block Design at the College of Agriculture's Sorghum Research Field in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, during the 2019-20 Kharif season. The sorghum variety CSV 15 was examined for Atherigona soccata oviposition, yield, and germination using six seed dressing chemicals, soil treatment of carbofuran 3G, and an untreated control. The highest germination rate (94.93%), maximum grain yield (23.67q-ha-1), and most avoidable loss (64.93%) were observed by the seed treatment with Thiamethoxam + Cyantraniliprole. Seed treated with Thiamethoxam 30 FS, Fipronil 5 SC and Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC also recorded better germination and yield compare to control. The oviposition of shoot fly recorded (5.74 egg/plant) highest in treatment Thiamethoxam + Cyantraniliprole and lowest (3.77) in soil application of Carbofuran 3G as compare to control due to pytotonic effect. Due to variation in the agro climatic conditions of different regions, insects show varying trends in their incidence pattern and extent of damage to the crop. Chemical control solely shows costly and it requires continual applications against target pest. Therefore, the seed treatment seems to be a plausible option for pest management. Thus, it is concluded that for the management of shoot fly seed treatment with (T5) thiamethoxam (19.8 w/w) + cyantraniliprole (19.8 w/w) 6 ml/kg followed by thiamethoxam 30 FS 10 ml/kg (T4) can be recommended on sorghum.