In vitroAntioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of the Whole Plant ofGlossocardia bosvallea(L. f.) D. C. against CCl4-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver Slice Culture Model (original) (raw)
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2015
The galls on Terminalia chebula Retz. (Family - Combretaceae) is a well-known herbal drug used to treat various diseases in Indian System of Traditional Medicine. The dried galls are widely commerce in the Indian market and substituted to galls of Pistacia integerrima Stew. Ex. Brandis. The present study aims to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of hexane (TCH), ethanol (TCE) and water extract (TCW) of the galls on T. chebula by employing photochemiluminescence and spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that TCE and TCW significantly inhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide and superoxide radical in dose dependent manner. Trent of phenol content was as: TCH T. chebula have prevented significant oxidative liver damage.
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2012
In the present study, protective effects of grape seed extract (GSE) have been evaluated on carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Forty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Group I was used as control and received liquid paraffin (1 ml/kg, i.p.). Rats in group II were injected every other day with CCl 4 (1 ml/kg body weight, i.p.) for 1 month, whereas rats in group III were pretreated orally with GSE (500 mg/kg, p.o.) 7 days before CCl 4 injection every other day for 1 month. Groups IV and V were prophylactically treated with GSE (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and silymarin (25 mg/kg, p.o.) for 1 month, respectively. At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed by decapitation and blood samples were obtained. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), total and conjugated bilirubin levels were determined. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, as index of lipid peroxidation) content, reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of enzymatic antioxidants; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were determined. For histopathological evaluation, livers of all rats were removed and processed for light microscopy. All biochemical parameters in serum and the hepatic TBARS were significantly higher while enzymatic antioxidants, GSH-Px, SOD, catalase and hepatic GSH were significantly lower in animals treated with CCl 4 than in the controls. Rats treated with CCl 4 and GSE showed a significant reduction in biochemical parameters in serum and hepatic TBARS content. Silymarin used as reference standard also exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl 4. Livers of rats treated with CCl 4 showed classic histology of cirrhosis, whereas the histopathological changes were reduced after administration of CCl 4 and GSE. Results of this study revealed that GSE could afford a significant protection against CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity. GSE had a similar protective effect when compared with silymarin.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007
Terminalia belerica Roxb. is one of the oldest medicinal herb of India, is an ingredient of Indian Ayurvedic drug 'triphala' used for the treatment of digestion and liver disorders. Present study is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Terminalia belerica fruit extract and its active principle, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) at different doses against carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Toxicant caused significant increase in the activities of serum transaminases and serum alkaline phosphatase. Hepatic lipid peroxidation level increased significantly whereas significant depletion was observed in reduced glutathione level after carbon tetrachloride administration. A minimum elevation was found in protein content on the contrary a significant fall was observed in glycogen content of liver and kidney after toxicant exposure. Activities of adenosine triphosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase inhibited significantly in both the organs after toxicity. Treatment with TB extract (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) and gallic acid (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed dose-dependent recovery in all these biochemical parameters but the effect was more pronounced with gallic acid. Thus it may be concluded that 200 mg/kg dose of gallic acid was found to be most effective against carbon tetrachloride induced liver and kidney damage.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2014
Medicinal plants are of great importance to the health of individuals and communities. The medicinal value of these plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The most important of these bioactive constituents of plants are triterpenoid, saponin, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds. 1 In the traditional system of medicine, there are number of medicinal plants which are used in the treatment of liver disorders. Their extracts, fractions and active components exhibit marked hepatoprotective action, which has been related to their antioxidant properties. 2 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals contribute to cellular aging, possibly through the destabilization of membranes in cells. These free radicals may oxidize nucleic acids, proteins, lipids or DNA and can initiate degenerative disease. Free radicals and ROS are highly reactive molecules involved in many physiological processes and human ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra hydromethanolic root extract against carbon tetra chloride (CCl 4) induced oxidative-stress mediated hepatotoxicity in liver tissue of Swiss albino mice. Background: Medicinal plants play a vital role for the development of new drugs. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a widely used medicinal plant. It has many phyto-constituents and active components, which can be used for many diseases. Methods: For the antioxidant and hepatoprotective study, measurement of GSH, CAT, LPO bio-markers in Liver tissue of Swiss albino mice were taken. The animals were divided in six different groups each having 4 mice. The requisite dose of CCl 4 was dissolved in appropriate solvent (1.5ml/kg body wt) and administrated as single i.p. dose per mice after 6 hr of last treatment of extract to the animals in each group. Mice were received orally administration of extract up to 7 days. Positive Control group received single i.p. injection of 1.5ml/kg body wt CCl 4 in 0.9% saline. Results: The results suggest that, the crude extract of root of G. glabra at the doses of 300 and 600mg/kg body wt. expressed significant hepatoprotective potential against CCl 4 induced oxidative stress mediated hepatotoxicity in student 't' test (p<0.05) at dose dependent manner in the Liver tissue of Swiss albino mice. G. glabra root extract alone has not induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: Based on this study, It may be concluded that Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract possess hepatoprotective potential in Swiss albino mice.
Journal of Medical Histology, 2017
Introduction: Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) is used for induction of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis has no standard treatment. Gallic acid (GA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound having anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Aim of the work: This work aimed to evaluate the preventive role of GA against CCL4 induced liver fibrosis. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups; Group I: without treatment .GroupII: received olive oil. Group III: received 1.5 mL/kg of CCL4 twice a week. Group IV: received CCL4 with GA 100mg/kg. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks. Liver specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic (EM) study. Area % of collagen and α-SMA expression, levels of AST, ALT, ALP, reduced GSH, MDA, SOD and hydroxyproline were measured and evaluated statistically. Results: Group III revealed foci of altered hepatocytes with dense nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm. Dilatation and congestion of central and portal veins with mononuclear cell infiltration were observed. There was increased collagen deposition around the central vein. Intense stained α-SMA-positive cells were observed. CCL4 increased collagen and α-SMA expression area %. EM showed electronlucent areas in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, vacuolation and margination of nuclear chromatin. CCL4 increased AST, ALT, ALP, hepatic MDA and hydroxyproline levels. Moreover, it decreased the activities of SOD and reduced GSH. The co-administration of GA prevented most of these histological and biochemical changes. Conclusions: The use of natural antioxidants as GA can be promising in ameliorating liver fibrosis better than the drugs and their side effects.
Antioxidants as effective remedies at hepatotoxic action of carbon tetrachloride
Journal of Biophysical Chemistry, 2014
The liver, as the central metabolic organ, plays an important role in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. In the environment, there are many hepatotoxic xenobiotics. CCl4 is a free radical toxic for organelles of hepatocytes. The presented work was studying the character of ultrastructural changes in CCl4-intoxicated hepatocytes as well as the tissue after treatment by grape seed extract (GSE), α-tocopherol (α-T). As a result of cell bioremediation effect and reactions against corruptive factors, the liver has a high regeneration ability.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of standardized herbal extracts
Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2012
Acacia catechu have been shown to possess widespread pharmacological application against multitude of diseases namely cancer, diabetes, liver disorders, and oxidative stress. Objective: We evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of the standardized herbal extracts against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BH) induced toxicity and their mechanism of hepatoprotective action in human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2 cell line). Materials and Methods: The hepatoprotective activity was studied by observing the effect of these herbal extracts on t-BH induced reduction in cell viability of HepG2 cells. In addition, the reducing power of the extracts and their ability to scavenge free radicals were evaluated using two antioxidant assay systems: cell free [oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and [2,2'-azino-bis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid)] (ABTS)] and cell based [cellular antioxidant activity (CAA)]. Results and Discussion: The results obtained showed that these extracts possess significant hepatoprotective activity. This may indicate that the plant extracts contain compounds, which can remove toxic metabolites following t-BH induced toxicity. The extracts exhibited significant antioxidant property as evident by the Trolox values and effective scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals. The extracts also demonstrated inhibition of AAPH-induced fluorescence in HepG2 cells. These results indicate the ability of the plant extracts to protect the liver cells from chemicalinduced damage, which might be correlated to their radical scavenging potential. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that these extracts have potential hepatoprotective activity which is mainly attributed to the antioxidant potential, which might occur by reduction of lipid peroxidation and cellular damage.
Antioxidant Property of Plant an Indication for Hepatoprotective Activity
2012
Liver, the largest organ in the body is being evolv ed to maintain the body’s internal milieu and also pro tect itself from the challenges it faces during its functioning. Since it is involved in the biochemical conversio ns of various endogenous and exogenously administered/ingested substances, there is a possibility of generation of various highly reactive species of fr ee radicals. However, it has an inbuilt system like tissue glutathione (GSH), etc to scavenge them off . Inspite of this the free radicals generated by some hepatotoxins like CCl4 may overpower the protective mechanism of the live r and cause hepatic damage. Though the modern medicinal system has grown phenomenally, the drug f or treating hepatic disease is still a dream. Hence , people are looking at the traditional systems of me dicine for remedies to hepatic disorders.
Effects of few Indian medicinal herbs on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury in animals
2009
The Phyllantus nirruri (PN), Andrographis paniculata (AP) and Picrroriza kurroa (PK) have been widely used in number of hepatoprotective formulations based on their traditional claims. However, no published data showing the comparative study of these herbs is available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of standardised herbal extracts of PN 142.5 mg/kg, p.o), AP (300 mg/kg, p.o) and PK (200 mg/kg, p.o) on carbon tetrachloride (CCI 4) induced acute and chronic hepatic damage in rats. In chronic hepatitis, CCI 4 (0.2 ml/kg, p.o) was administered twice weekly during eight weeks of extract treatment, whereas, in acute hepatitis, CCI 4 (0.5 ml/kg, p.o) was given on 10 th day of administration of extract. Liver injury was analyzed by estimating the biochemical marker enzymes levels and antioxidant activities. Histological studies were also carried out. Statistically significant reversal of the elevated serum levels and depleted tissue levels of biochemical marker enzymes were found as the biochemical indices for hepatoprotection. The histological scores and liver weight was significantly reduced as well as SOD and catalase activities were significantly increased in treated groups compared to CCI 4 control. Further, PK and PN were found to be most and least effective respectively in chronic CCI 4 induced liver damage, whereas, AP exhibited least protection than PN and PK in acute CCI 4 hepatic injury. These results show that the standardised extracts PN, AP and PK possess hepatoprotective potential and prevented hepatic damage induced by CCI 4 .
Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Cyathea phalerata Mart.(Cyatheaceae)
Basic & clinical …, 2008
The protective activity of the methanolic extract of the Crataegus songarica leaves was investigated against CCl 4 -and paracetamol-induced liver damage. On folklore levels, this plant is popularly used to treat various toxicological diseases. We evaluated both in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity of C. songarica. At higher concentration of plant extract (700 µg/ml), 88.106% inhibition on DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed and reducing power of extract was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. We also observed its inhibition on Fe 2+ /ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation on rat liver microsomes in vitro. In addition, C. songarica extract exhibited antioxidant effects on calf thymus DNA damage induced by Fenton reaction. Hepatotoxicity was induced by challenging the animals with CCl 4 (1 ml/kg body weight, i.p.) and paracetamol (500 mg/kg body weight) and the extract was administered at three concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight). Hepatoprotection was evaluated by determining the activities of liver function marker enzymes and antioxidant status of liver. Administration of CCl 4 elevated the levels of liver function enzymes, SGOT, SGPT, and LDH. We also observed a dramatic increase in ALT, AST, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase levels in rats administered 500 mg/kg body weight of paracetamol. Decreased antioxidant defense system as glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in rats treated with CCl 4 and paracetamol. Pretreatment with the extract decreased the elevated serum GOT, GPT, LDH, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase activities and increased the antioxidant enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, C. songarica methanol extract may be an effective hepatic protective agent and viable candidate for treating hepatic disorders and other oxidative stress-related diseases.