Effect of Soil Contact on the Modulus of Elasticity of Beeswax-Impregnated Wood (original) (raw)
Related papers
BioResources, 2020
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of honeybee wax impregnation on the antifungal, larvicidal, water uptake, color, and mechanical properties of wood. Wood samples (poplar, Scots pine, beech, and lime) were impregnated with melted honeybee wax under vacuum. The wax-impregnated samples were exposed to the wood-decay fungi Trametes versicolor and Neolentinus lepideus for 8 weeks. The larvicidal effect of the beeswax was tested against European old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus L.). Water uptake, color measurements, and surface hardness were also tested. According to the obtained findings, a 34.6% mass loss was seen in the poplar control wood, and only 3.9% mass loss was found in the 100% beeswax-impregnated samples. The results showed that H. bajulus larvae could digest honeybee wax with wood when beeswax surface treatment was applied. Additionally, an average of 30% larvae mortality rate was achieved on beeswax-treated wood surfaces, compared to a 2.5% rate on the con...
Biological Durability of Acetylated Hornbeam Wood with Soil Contact in Hungary
Forests
This test aimed to discover if industrially acetylated hornbeam can tolerate real-field conditions in Hungary, where various microorganisms can attack the wood separately or cooperatively. Untreated samples accompanied the modified wood to assess the degradation capacity of the soil. The test also focused on weather parameters, the Scheffer index, and soil properties. The untreated stakes showed insect damage, soft rot decay, white rot decay, wasp stripping, moss, and cracks. All of the beech and hornbeam stakes broke after 3.5 years, and the last Scots pine sapwood stakes broke after 6 years. To date, acetylated hornbeam exhibits stronger resistance than untreated hornbeam, beech, and Scots pine sapwood. The acetylated hornbeam stakes showed no decay after 6 years of exposure, and they became dry shortly after being taken from the soil. Acetylated hornbeam stake number 7 had superficial brown rot decay after 18 months, which gradually worsened over the years. The Fourier transform ...
The effect of open air conditions on the properties of wooden material
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2009
In this study, the impregnation materials of Tanalith-C (CCA) and Protim 230 WR were used as preservative and water repellant. Wooden materials were taken from beech and black pine. The samples were made subject to weathering conditions for one year. At the end of this period, changes occurred in the samples’ bending strength, compression strength and physical properties were examined. As a result of this study, it was observed that no significant variations occurred in mechanical values of the impregnated samples; however, severe losses occurred in case of the non-impregnated samples. It was seen that impregnation type provides different protection according to the type of the wooden material. It was observed that discoloration is more significant in the non-impregnated samples compared with those impregnated. Both of the impregnation materials provide sufficient protection.
Some wood preservatives have a warning due to environmental restrictions and risks to man health. The aim of this study is to determine the performance of non impregnated and impregnated wood with a CCA salt and a bio-protective made from "quebracho colorado", when facing the action of fungi responsible for white rot decay by Pycnoporus sanguineus and brown rot attack by Gloeophyllum sepiarium. Wood samples were impregnated with different solutions by vacuum-pressure method. The design was in complete blocks at random with fi ve repetitions. The treatments were T 0 : non impregnated blank sample; impregnated T 1 : CCA; T 2 Colatan IPG-F, T 3 : Colatan IPG-C, T 4 : Colatan IPG-C, with retentions of: 6, 18, 9 and 25 kg m -3 respectively. The variable was wood weight loss. Preservative CCA and bio-protective Colatan IPG-C increased the resistance to fungal degradation in lab assay, changing from non-resistance to very resistant (Findlay criterion), guaranteeing the biodegradation process inhibition.
ON THE BIOLOGICAL STABILITY OF WOOD IN THE PRESENCE OF
The paper analyzes the biodegradation of some natural composite structures represented by fir and beech wood test samples, investigating both untreated and surface-treated pieces. The treatment has been applied by brushing in both directions. The products used for the treatment, in different concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%), are both of organic (unmodified and modified straw lignin, furan resin) and of inorganic origin (copper chloride and copper-ammonia solution). Biodegradation, followed in several samples, selected according to aspect, illustrates the standard classes of biological risk to biological attack. The testing of the biodegradation and bioprotection levels has been implicitly achieved in different environments, namely indoors, outdoors, underground – buried in the soil (in the absence of plants) and in a soil cultivated with bean plants (the Vera variety). The role of these tests was to show that the efficiency of the treatment applied on the wooden material depends on the type of the used product. The main parameters followed in these experiments were mass loss and wetting angle.
Resistance of mechanically densified and thermally post-treated pine sapwood to wood decay fungi
Journal of Wood Science
This paper evaluated the density and biological resistance of pinewood samples modified with thermomechanical densification and thermal post-treatment. The samples were densified with 20 and 40% compression ratios at either 110 or 150°C. The thermal post-treatment was then applied to the pine samples at 185 and 212°C for 2 h. These samples were exposed to white-rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot (Coniophora puteana) fungi for twelve weeks and the resulting mass loss was determined. In the densified samples, the effects of the compression ratio on T. versicolor-initiated mass loss and of the compression temperature on C. puteana-initiated mass loss were found to be significant. The mass loss was less in the samples compressed at 150°C with the 40% ratio, while the highest mass loss was observed in the undensified samples. In the thermally post-treated samples, the resistance to both decay fungi was significantly increased with the increase of the treatment temperature. The mass loss in the thermally post-treated samples at 212°C after T. versicolor and C. puteana fungi testing was reduced by 73 and 67%, respectively. However, the effect of the densification processes on decay resistance in the thermally post-treated samples was insignificant.
Physical properties of Oriental beech impregnated and coated with some chemicals
Polimeros-ciencia E Tecnologia, 2022
In this research, oven-dry density, air-dry density, and water absorption levels of Oriental beech treated with flame-resistant chemicals (FRC) and coated with polyurethane/polyure (PU) and epoxy (EP) were evaluated. According to ISO 3129 standard, the experimental specimens were made from Oriental beech wood. Wood specimens were subjected to 3% aqueous solutions of boric acid, borax, a boric acid and borax mixture (1:1; weight: weight), ammonium sulphate, and polyurethane/polyurethane, and epoxy resins before being coated with these substances. Results showed that oven-dry and air-density values of PU coated wood were much higher than EP coated wood. Water absorption (WA) levels of PU coated of wood were lower than EP coated wood. While FRC treated and PU coated wood resulted in lower WA levels than only PU coated wood, FRC treated and EP coated wood resulted in higher WA levels than only EP coated wood.
THE IMPACT OF SOME PROTECTIVE AGENTS ON THE BIOSTABILITY OF WOOD
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to pointing out some possibilities of testing and investigating the biodegradation of some natural composite structures represented by fir and beech wood test-samples. These have been used both in a treated state and untreated on the surface. The treatment has been achieved through brushing in both directions. The products used for the treatment have been used in different of concentration and they are both of organic origin (unmodified and modified straw lignin, furan resin) and inorganic origin (copper chloride and copper- ammonia solution). The testing of the level of biodegradation and of the level of bio-protection implicitly have been achieved in different environments, namely indoors, outdoors, through burying them in soil (in the absence of plants) and in soil cultivated with bean plants. The consequence of these tests was to establish that the efficiency of the treatment applied on the wooden material depending on the kind of the used product.
Comparison based on field tests of three low-environmental-impact wood treatments
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2011
In order to promote the use of Pinus pinea L. wood within the Migliarino-San Rossore Nature Reserve (Pisa, central Italy), three low-environmental-impact wood treatments, supposed to enhance natural durability, were compared. Impregnations with an oil-based preservative and natural waxes and a wood thermal treatment were tested in the field in accordance with standards ENV 12037 and EN 252. The above-ground test revealed that: P. pinea sapwood is more durable than Pinus sylvestris sapwood; all the alternative treatments showed a low mean decay level; wax and oil treatments performed as well as the traditional copper-based preservative; the natural durability class of P. pinea will only be calculated upon the complete failure of all reference lap-joints. The main outcomes from the in-ground test were: All the tested treatments increased the durability of wood, and the protective effectiveness of alternative treatments was comparable to traditional copper-based ones, or even superior in the case of heated oil. Taking certain mechanical and aesthetic limitations into account, all the treatments were suitable for the promotion of the P. pinea wood commodity in use classes 3 and 4.