Forest pest control by common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus L.) near Antalya, Turkey (original) (raw)
Related papers
Ornis Fennica, 2011
Analyses of faeces of the Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros from the countryside of southwestern Poland revealed a significant increase in the proportion of plant items (mainly berries of Sambucus nigra/racemosa) between July and October; for animal prey items an inverse trend was found. During summer-autumn, no significant trends in the mass of all animal prey were found. The most numerous animal prey were three genera of ants (Lasius, Formica and Myrmica; 44.1% by number of all animal prey). Large numbers of undamaged seeds of several species of shrubs in the analyzed faeces, including non-native species, indicate that the Black Redstart is a potential disperser of woody plants in rural landscapes of Europe.
Folia Zoologica, 2005
The breeding biology of the common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, was studied from 295 nests over 20 years in a nest-box population breeding in managed pine forest in the northeast of the Czech Republic, central Europe. The laying of first eggs lasted from 30 April until 30 June with two distinct peaks in May and June. The estimated proportion of pairs producing two broods per season was 65.4%, the highest estimate in studies of this species. Nest success was only 45.1%, one of the lowest known values. The mean clutch size was 6.30 eggs in assumed first broods and 5.39 eggs in assumed second broods. The production of two broods per season and relatively small clutches is probably a parental adaptation to conditions of frequent nest predation. The two breeding attempts per season could not, however, compensate for the latitudinal differences in clutch size and breeding success, and the seasonal breeding productivity was lower in comparison to populations in the northern area of distribution. At higher air temperatures the breeding started earlier. The air temperature also affected nest success which was highest at mean temperature values and decreased to both low and high temperature extremes. The effects of precipitation, first-egglaying date, clutch size and year of observation on nest success were not significant.
Journal of Ornithology, 2009
As many other birds breeding in agricultural areas, the common redstart declined strongly in many Central European countries over the last 60 years. The destruction of traditionally managed orchards, an important breeding habitat in Central Europe, is a relevant cause. An additional factor for the decline of this species could be the intensified management of the ground vegetation in orchards through reducing food availability and lowering prey detectability and accessibility. In this study we examined the importance of surfaces with sparse vegetation for the location of redstart territories and for foraging. To validate the results of these field studies we made habitat-choice experiments in aviaries with captive birds. Territories occupied by redstarts in orchards of northwestern Switzerland contained a significantly higher proportion of surfaces with sparse vegetation than unoccupied control sites. Redstarts made almost five times more hunting flights into experimentally established ruderal vegetation strips than into adjacent unmown meadows. No difference was observed when the meadow was freshly mown. Vegetation height and the proportion of open ground surface correctly predicted the vegetation type for hunting in 77% of the cases. Experiments in aviaries offering two types of sparse vegetation and a dense meadow supported the results of the field experiments. Even a four-fold increase of the food abundance in the meadow did not lead to a noticeable change in preference for the sparse vegetation types. For the conservation of the common redstart, not only traditionally managed orchards with tall trees with cavities should be preserved but also areas with sparse vegetation should be favored.
Yıllarında gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmayla Kemalpaşa (İzmir) yöresi kiraz ağaçlarının Heteroptera faunasının ortaya konulması amaçlanmış ve Nisan -Ekim ayları boyunca haftalık periyotlarla 3 farklı yöredeki (Ören, Örnekköy, Kuyucak) kiraz bahçesinde incelemeler sürdürülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda Heteroptera takımının 8 familyasına bağlı 22 tür belirlenmiştir. Bunlar içinde Apodiphus amygdali, Stephanitis pyri, Acrorrhinium conspersus ve Orthotylus nassatus en bol bulunan türlerdir. Saptanan türler beslenme özelliklerine göre de değerlendirilmiş olup A.amygdali, Mustha spinosula, Raphigaster nebulosa, Dolycoris baccarum, Palomena prasina, P. viridissima, Gonocerus acuteangulatus, Lygaeus equestris, L. pandurus, Stephanitis pyri, A. conspersus, Ectagela guttata ve O. nassatus'un fitofag, Atractotomus mali, Deraeocoris lutescens, D. serenus, Isometopus mirificus, Anthocoris nemoralis, Dufouriellus ater, Orius minutus, Nagusta goedeli'nin zoofag ve Pilophorus perplexus'un fitozoofag olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
SITUATION AND EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS FOR FOREST IN TURKEY
2017
Pest insect species cause important economic losses in Turkish forests by feeding on various parts of forest trees. To combat them, control methods such as chemical, biotechnical, mechanical and biological applications are used. Among them, biological control is the most important method for the ecological aspect. Technically, the first biological control practice in Turkish forests was launched in the last part of the 1960s. This study aimed to evaluate current control methods for Turkish forestry. For this purpose, biological and chemical control applications in Turkey have been examined and compared. Necessary data were obtained from the 28 Regional Directorates of Forestry in Turkey using a developed data collecting method. Collected data were classified as insect production numbers, control areas and expenditures according to years. Subsequently, the total and unit costs were calculated and the gain and loss amounts obtained were estimated. Based on the comparison between chemical and biological control methods, chemical control is approximately 1.4 times more expensive than biological control in Turkey. This indicates that chemical control is causing economic loss in addition to ecological damages. In conclusion, the primary benefit of biological control is that it restores ecological balance and thus ensures the continuity of ecosystem services. The secondary benefit is savings from lower costs. Therefore, the use of biological control to mitigate damage from insects in forest ecosystems is important for the ecological and economic sustainability of forest ecosystems. To this end, predatory species such as Rhizophagus grandis Gyll, Rhizophagus depressus (F.), Formica rufa L., Calosoma sycophanta (L.) and Thanasimus formicarius (L.) have been used for biological control operations in Turkish forestry in recent years.
V International Symposium on Olive Growing, 2008
A survey of the predatory and parasitoid fauna of olive pests, including Prays oleae (Bern.), Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin.), Palpita unionalis (Hübn.) and Saissetia oleae Bern., was undertaken during April-November 2000-2002 in Bursa, Turkey. The important species were monitored using sweep nets, sticky traps and knocking. According to the results of this study, a total of 20 species of natural enemies was found in 26 olive groves. In addition, Chrysopa carnea (Stephens) and Scymnus rubromaculatus (Goeze) were determined as the most active predator of olives and their population fluctuations were monitored in 2000-2002. Adults of C. carnea appeared from early May to mid December, reaching peaks in August and November in 2002. Of the coccinellid predators, S. rubromaculatus was present during early August-early November and reached 3-4 peaks around early August, mid September and early November in 2000 and 2002. Parasitism rates of Scutellista cyanea Motsch, an ectoparasitoid of S. oleae, were very high at unspraying olive groves, while the parasitism was not observed at spraying orchards.
Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 2008
During a study of bird nesting in SW. Anatolia, 125 man-made nest boxes have been installed, 3 m high, in the trees. These nest boxes have been occupied by several bird species (Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Parus major, Parus ater, Sitta krueperi, Certhia brachydactyla). Of the 48 Redstart nests, 19 (40 %) had been successfully invaded by the bumblebee Bombus niveatus vorticosus. This invasion occurred at different times in the nest building cycle:-during the building of the nest,-during the incubation or-after the hatching of the young. Once installed in the nest of the Redstart, the bumblebee does not directly attack the bird, but disturbs it by continuously rearranging the nesting material and by covering the bird's brood. Eventually, the bird deserts its nest and brood. The Redstart does not display any agonistic behaviour towards the bumblebee. Nests of other bird species are never invaded. Résumé. Expulsion du Rouge-queue à front blanc (Aves : Turdidae : Phoenicurus phoenicurus) hors de son nid par le bourdon Bombus niveatus vorticosus (Hymenoptera : Apidae). Au cours d'une étude sur la nidifi cation des oiseaux au sud-ouest de l'Anatolie, 125 nichoirs artifi ciels ont été installés à 3 m de hauteur dans les arbres. Ces nichoirs ont été occupés par plusieurs espèces d'oiseaux (Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Parus major, Parus ater, Sitta krueperi, Certhia brachydactyla). Sur 48 nids de rouge-queue, 19 (40 %) ont été envahis avec succès par le bourdon Bombus niveatus vorticosus. Cette invasion s'est déroulée à plusieurs stades :-pendant la construction du nid ;-pendant l'incubation ;-après l'éclosion. Une fois installé dans le nid du rouge-queue, le bourdon n'attaque pas directement l'oiseau mais il le dérange continuellement en réarrangeant les matériaux du nid pour recouvrir à la fois son propre couvain et celui de l'oiseau. L'oiseau fi nit par abandonner son nid et sa couvée. Le rouge-queue ne manifeste aucun comportement agressif envers le bourdon. Les nids des autres espèces d'oiseaux observées ne sont jamais envahis.
Survey for the detection of Bursaphelenchus insect-vector species in the western part of Turkey
Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi
Aim of the study: This study aimed to identify the insect vectors of these Bursaphelenchus species in conifer forests of the western Turkey. Area of study: Sampling was performed in conifer forests of the western part of Turkey. Material and Methods: Two different methods were used, trap trees and pheromone traps with specific lure combinations, to catch insects. Main results: A total number of 11,076 insects in the first year (2012), and 226,205 insects in the second year (2013) surveys were captured. The most represented insect order was Coleoptera and the most common insect species found in all sampling areas was Orthotomicus erosus. After morphological and molecular studies, B. mucronatus was found to be associated with insect bulk samples of Ips sexdentatus, while B. sexdentati was found to be associated with individual and insect bulk samples of O. erosus, Acanthocinus aedilis, and Arhopalus rusticus.
Expansion of the breeding distribution of Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus in SE Bulgaria
The breeding range of the Common Redstart has expanded nearly threefold from 14 to 44 5-km squares in SE Bulgaria since 1991. Most new localities (70 %, n = 30 squares) were occupied between 1991 and 2000. Breeding habitats include villages, solitary houses or other buildings in or close to oak-dominated forests. P. phoenicurus phoenicurus dominates most populations, but only P. phoenicurus samamisicus is breeding along the Black Sea coast. The most probable reason for the breeding range extension is the higher survival rate at the wintering sites and during migration.
The seasonal abundance, parasitoid complex and percentage of parasitism of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were investigated in three grapefruit orchards in the eastern Mediterranean region in [2005][2006][2007]. Phyllocnistis citrella populations increased during summer months and declined during fall. During the study period, 2-3 peaks of both pest and parasitoid populations were detected on the summer shoots and 1-2 peaks on the fall shoots. At the experimental sites, 10 parasitoid species and unidentified individuals belonging to 2 genera were determined to attack P. citrella. Citrostichus phyllocnistoides Narayanan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was the most abundant parasitoid (72.8%), followed by Cirrospilus brevis Zhu, LaSalle & Huang (11.2%) and C. ingenuus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (7.1%). Sympiesis striatipes (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), was determined for the first time as a parasitoid of P. citrella in Turkey. Parasitism ratio (%) ranged between 39.56-50.67% in Hatay, 42.60-47.61% in Adana and 35.60-41.25% in Mersin during the study years. The highest rates of parasitism were observed at the end of summer and in the fall. It was determined that percent parasitism was significantly correlated with increases of P. citrella density, but did not significantly differ among the study sites and years. The results show that C. phyllocnistoides has an important role among the P. citrella parasitoids present in Turkey due to its frequency.