Evaluation of Antitumor and Antioxidant Potential of a Polyherbal Extract on Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma Xenografted Mice (original) (raw)
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Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied …, 2012
Five food substances rich in chemopreventive agents were assessed for their potential to increase the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in the liver. The dietary supplements used were, onion, cabbage, honey, green tea and their combination. The effects of these supplements on the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) were examined. The result showed that the combination of these products increased the antioxidant enzymes activities significantly (p<0.05) and more potently than individual food supplement compared which animals on normal diet. Supplementation with the individual diet supplement significantly increased the activities of all the enzymes (p<0.05) except SOD1 and SOD2. However, combination of the supplements significantly increased the activities of SOD1 and SOD2 (p<0.05) in addition to the activities of the enzymes increased by individual food supplement (p<0.05)
Natural Antioxidants as a Tool to Protect the Organs from Tumors Induced Ehrlich Ascites in Mice
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2022
The objective of this study was to estimate if pre-treatment with pomegranate or beetroot juice and their combination for EAC which induces tumor in mice has the antitumor effect. Therefore, antioxidant activity DPPH scavenging was determined. The organs liver, spleen, and kidney were weighted to body weight in mice injected with EAC and treated by cisplatin, pomegranate, beetroot, and both of each pomegranate and beetroot and compared with the mice normal group. Single-cell suspension from the spleen was determined and RNA was extracted from the liver using a total RNA isolation kit and mRNA gene expression in EAC Cells was quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. The results showed that the pomegranate and beetroot contained high amounts of phenolic acid and flavonoid compounds and the highest antioxidant activity, which gave the highest DPPH scavenging activity. Moreover, the changes in the organ weight of vital organs were determined and compared with the control group. Because homologous recombination appears a new objective for cancer treatment by pomegranate and beetroot juice as an alternative to anticancer drugs. Therefore, pomegranate and beetroot juice have antitumor and antiproliferative influences on the Ehrlich tumor. Therefore, the pomegranate or beetroot and their combination were homologous recombinations that sensitize cells to growth inhibition and apoptosis.
Antioxidants and cancer therapy II: quick reference guide
… medicine review: a journal of clinical …
1: Altern Med Rev. 2000 Apr;5(2):152-63. Antioxidants and cancer therapy II: quick reference guide. Lamson DW, Brignall MS. Tahoma Clinic - Kent, WA, USA. The previous lengthy review concerning the effects of antioxidant ...
The Role of Natural Antioxidants in Cancer Disease
Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases - A Role for Antioxidants, 2013
Recently, researches on medicinal plants has drawn global attention; large bodies of evidence have accumulated to demonstrate the promising potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional, complementary, and alternate treatment systems of human diseases. The plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc., which have been screened in vivo and in vitro and have indicated antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties and which are used to developed drugs or dietary supplements. Evidence suggests that the plant kingdom is considered a good candidate for chemoprevention and cancer therapy due to the high concentration and wide variety of antioxidants such as resveratrol, genestein, beicalein, vitamin A, vitamin C, polyphenols, (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate, flavonoids, polyphenols, gallic acid, glycosides, verbascoside, calceorioside, epicatechin, quercetin, curcumin, lovastatin, and many other types of compounds with the capability to inhibit the cell proliferation of different cancer cells in vitro and in vitro, such as colon cancer (HT-29, SW48, HCT116), breast (MCF7, MDA), cervix (HeLa, SiHa, Ca-Ski, C33-A), liver (Hep G2), skin (A 431), fibroblasts (3T3 SV40), and many other malignant cells; studies have indicated that antioxidants can be employed efficiently as chemopreventives and as effective inhibitors of cell proliferation, promoting cell apoptosis, and increasing detoxification enzymes, and inhibiting gene expression and scavenger Reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, many researchers are working with different types of natural antioxidants with the aim of finding those with the greatest capacity to inhibit the development of cancer both in vitro as well as in vivo, because these compounds have exhibited high potential for use not only in the treatment of this disease, but they also act as good chemoprotective agents. 2. Antioxidants The production of ROS during metabolism is an inevitable phenomenon associated with the process of aerobic metabolism; on the other hand, we are exposed at all times to several exogenous sources of oxidant molecules, for example, environmental and pollutant factors and many dietary compounds, which increase their levels. ROS participate in different cellular processes; their intracellular levels are relatively low. However, because ROS are highly toxic when their concentration increases, the phenomenon denominated Oxidative stress (OS) is produced [123], which can injure various cellular biomolecules, causing serious damage to tissues and organs and resulting in chronic diseases [24]. Oxidative damage can be prevented by antioxidants, which are present within the cell at low concentrations compared with oxidant molecules [141, 50]. Antioxidants are capable of donating electrons to stabilize ROS and to inhibit their detrimental effects, including both endogenous (synthesized by the body itself) and exogenous molecules (those from external sources to the body) [141]. Endogenous antioxidants include Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation reaction of superoxide (O2•-) into hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), which is in turn transformed into oxygen and water for the Catalase (CT), and in addition Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) can catalyze its reduction; however, if in the presence of transition metals such as iron, H 2 O 2 , by means of the Fenton Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases-A Role for Antioxidants 392
The Two Sides of Dietary Antioxidants in Cancer Therapy
Antioxidants - Benefits, Sources, Mechanisms of Action, 2021
Cancer is a major cause of mortality around the world, representing about 13% of deaths on the planet. Among the available cancer treatments, chemotherapy is most frequently utilized compared to other treatments such as surgery and radiotherapy. Many dietary antioxidants have proven to effectively prevent oxidative stress, which has been noted in many disease pathogeneses, including cancer. However, during chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment of cancer patients, antioxidants are used as an adjuvant treatment. The use of a proof-based technique is advised in determining the supplements most suited to cancer patients. Though there are numerous opinions about the dangers and advantages of antioxidants, it is reasonable to conclude that side effects caused by antioxidants, for now, remain unclear for patients during cancer treatment, aside from smokers during radiotherapy. In this report, details of the effectiveness of antioxidants on cancer treatment aiding in the reduction of cance...
Antioxidants and Cancer Therapy: Furthering the Debate
Integrative Cancer Therapies, 2004
The consideration of whether to use antioxidants concomitantly with chemotherapy and radiation therapy has evolved into a heated debate. This special theme issue brings together several contributors to this debate, whose perspectives enlarge our views of the questions at hand, pointing out several very relevant ideas. First, the early hypotheses of the role of antioxidants in carcinogenesis gave a simplified and often inaccurate picture of the physiological effects of specific antioxidants. Antioxidants can have protective effects that have nothing to do with oxidation; on the other hand, they can under some circumstances develop prooxidant properties and promote carcinogenesis. During treatment, however, their role is far from clear and may be either quite positive or potentially negative. A number of clinical studies have already demonstrated beneficial effects of antioxidants in ameliorating side effects of chemotherapy. More theoretical work on the chemistry of antioxidants and chemotherapy drugs suggests that antioxidants might improve therapeutic efficacy of antineoplastics by counteracting aldehydes that impede the passage of cells through the cell cycle. However, detailed clinical study also makes it clear that we are only at the very beginning of understanding the dynamics of antioxidants and oxidant damage in the body during conventional treatment. Nevertheless, research is under way on radioprotective and chemoprotective substances, some of them rooted in traditional medicine and others in our understanding of dietary antioxidants, that may eventually lead to antioxidant-based supplements that support tolerability and efficacy of treatment, without protecting tumors through interference from antineoplastic treatment.
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There is a concern that antioxidants might reduce oxidizing free radicals created by radiotherapy and some forms of chemotherapy, and thereby decrease the effectiveness of the therapy. The question has arisen whether concurrent administration of oral antioxidants is contraindicated during cancer therapeutics. Evidence reviewed here demonstrates exogenous antioxidants alone produce beneficial effects in various cancers, and except for a few specific cases, animal and human studies demonstrate no reduction of efficacy of chemotherapy or radiation when given with antioxidants. In fact, considerable data exists showing increased effectiveness of many cancer therapeutic agents, as well as a decrease in adverse effects, when given concurrently with antioxidants. Altern Med Rev 1999;4(5):304-329
Role of selected antioxidative chemopreventive agents in cancer
Cancer chemoprevention using phytochemicals is one of the most natural, cost-effective and available means of committing cancer cell to suicide. Molecular mechanisms through which polyphenolic compounds kill immortals cells include induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inactivation of nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1(AP-1), dissociation of Nuclear factor related erythroid factor-2 (Nrf-2) from Kelch-like ECH associated protein-1 (Keap-1), nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 and Nrf-2 binding to antioxidant response elements (ARE), down regulation of cyclooxgenase 2 gene and up-regulation of genes that code for phase II detoxifying enzymes such Heme-oxygenase-1(HO-1), glutathione-S-transferase 2, γ-glutamate cysteine ligase (γ-GCL) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). They also inhibit tumor promoters such as 12-O tetradecanonyl-phorbol13-acetate(TPA), phorbol-13myristate 12 acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production and inflammatory cytokines.
There are a number of intrinsic (e.g. oncogenes) and extrinsic (e.g. radiation and inflammation) factors, which may arise in reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA instability and then cancer. In this situation, initial cancerous cells would balance the harmful effects of ROS by switching on the protective effects in a longstanding manner. In normal conditions, ROS have an important role in signal transduction and gene transcription, nevertheless, ROS may act as a trigger for carcinogenesis via persistent DNA injuries as well as mutations in p53 such as conditions observed in skin, hepatocellular, and colon cancers. Some compounds like paclitaxel are able to attack cancer cells through generation of ROS or interfering with ROS metabolism, while there are a few anti-angiogenesis compounds without toxicity such as endostatin, which act as anti-neoplastic only together with another chemotherapeutic drug. Furthermore, some anti-cancer agents like piperlongumine bind to the active sites of several key cellular antioxidants including glutathione S transferase and carbonyl reductase 1 only in the cancer cells. Although the natural antioxidants can alone or in combination with the diet provide some benefits for chemoprevention, their position in cancer therapy, especially initial stages of carcinogenesis is breaking down. On the other hand antioxidants can promote the survival of detached cells from extra cellular medium playing dual activities with respect to tumorigenesis through inhibition of tumorigenesis by preventing oxidative injuries to DNA and otherwise maintenance of tumor by promoting cell survival via metabolic rescue. Hopefully, more details of antioxidant and anti-neoplastic mechanisms become clear day by day, which have made researchers renew the strategy for designing cancer prevention or treatment.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. (Family: Rubiaceae) is commonly known as ''Kadamba'' in Sanskrit and Hindi in India. Various parts of this plant have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of tumor, wound healing, inflammation and as a hypoglycemic agent. Aim of study: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the antitumor activity and antioxidant status of defatted methanol extract of A. cadamba (MEAC) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) treated mice. Materials and methods: In vitro cytotoxicity assay has been evaluated by using the trypan blue method. The determination of in vivo antitumor activity was performed by using different EAC cells (2 Â 10 6 cells, i.p.) inoculated mice groups (n ¼ 12). The groups were treated for 9 consecutive days with MEAC at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. respectively. After 24 h of last dose and 18 h of fasting, half of the mice were sacrificed and the rest were kept alive for assessment of increase in life span. The antitumor potential of MEAC was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, tumor weight, hematological parameters and biochemical estimations. Furthermore, antioxidant parameters were assayed by estimating liver and kidney tissue enzymes. Results: MEAC showed direct cytotoxicity on EAC cell line in a dose dependant manner. MEAC exhibited significant (P o0.01) decrease in the tumor volume, viable cell count, tumor weight and elevated the life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. The hematological profile, biochemical estimations and tissue antioxidant assay were reverted to normal level in MEAC treated mice. Conclusion: Experimental results revealed that MEAC possesses potent antitumor and antioxidant properties. Further research is going on to find out the active principle(s) of MEAC for better understanding of mechanism of its antitumor and antioxidant activity.