Applicability of microcomputers for managing water use in small river basins (original) (raw)
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Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 1988
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A tool for irrigation water management under drought conditions
In the last decade irrigation districts in Spain have started to use database software applications to improve their management operations. Such applications often put more emphasis on administrative issues than on water management issues. An irrigation district management software called "Ador" is presented in this paper. This database software application has been designed to promote water traceability and water allocation under conditions of scarcity. Ador can be used in irrigation districts independently of the type of irrigation system (surface, sprinkler or trickle) and the type of irrigation distribution network (open channel or pressurised). It can even be used in irrigation districts combining different types of irrigation systems and different types of irrigation distribution networks. The goals are to manage detailed information about district water management and to promote better on-farm irrigation practices. Ador is used primarily in the Aragon region of Spain. Some 70 irrigation districts, adding up to about 175,000 ha of irrigated land use Ador daily to manage water. The software has specific utilities for water allocation under drought conditions, which are applied by district managers to overcome difficult situations.
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Ecology, Environment and Conservation
To estimate the monthly consumptive use for a particular crop in a particular region is a cumbersome process and several equations have been developed so far. To calculate the total irrigation water require-ment for a particular crop period requires the information of consumptive use/potential evapo-transpira-tion, crop Coefficient, effective rainfall and the overall expected irrigation efficiency. To ease the calcula-tion of consumptive use with minimum data set to predict several thing, as total water requirement for a particular crop, number of irrigation required, irrigation scheduling, in-situ and ex-situ water conservation or harvesting practices or size of structures etc, the Blanney-criddle equation has been selected and a small Decision Support System named as BlaCri has been made in the computer language Visual Basic 6.0. The Software/DSS requires only the mean monthly temperature and average sun shine hours per day in the months, to get monthly Consumptive use/ Potential ...
Water Data and Information System in Sri Lanka
This paper is about Surface Water Data and Information System in Sri Lanka. The review contents are from 80 publications on Water Data and Information System of Sri Lanka. The subtopics covered are, Information system assessments, Available data and meta data, Status of data use for research -data collection and networks, Published work: data and information availability, Published work: data usage and issues, along with Assessment of water data and information system needs, , The paper contains Summary on Conclusions and Recommendations with regards to the Water Data and Information System in Sri Lanka Water Data and Information System in Sri Lanka N.T.S. Wijesekera Professor in Civil Engineering University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka Introduction Improving knowledge of a country’s water resource is indispensable for the well being of its people and environment. Reliable information on the state and trends of water resources is a perquisite for sound decisions on the sustainable management of water resources. Probably since the beginning of human life on earth it would have been common knowledge that water is of great importance. Clusters of human habitats would have had water data and information systems built into their lives though there may not have been a necessity to document or structure them due to the abundance of the resource both in sufficient quantities and acceptable quality. However with the increasing growth and competition it has become a necessity for various management or administrative units to optimally manage the water available for such units. Accordingly water data and information systems have to be put in place so that the available resource could be understood and sustainably managed. Accurate and comprehensive water data are critical to engineers, planners and decision makers at all levels of government, researchers, developers, and the business community. Increasing demand for water, the associated need to rationally manage water, forecasting challenges which increase with the pressure of population growth and requirements of sustaining the environment, are demanding improvements in hydrologic analysis and predictions together with outputs with lesser uncertainties. This makes water data more important than in the past. Quantifiable spatial and temporal data and information on how much water is available in the country’s river basins is required to provide a sound scientific basis to these assessments. Knowledge on the quality and distribution of the resource in space and time is also an important requirement. In Sri Lanka it had been identified that water data and information management is a key component in the sound assessment, planning and engineering of water resources and other water based activities and this is reflected in the report1 which has highlighted areas where water data information activities within Government agencies could be improved. If the quest to acquire knowledge about water is to be successful then it is important to use data of correct temporal and spatial resolution and desired quality. Data resolution varies depending on whether the use is for water balance, flood assessment, rainfall predictions, urban drainage, detention and retention storage designs etc. Some sensitive data requires high accuracies while some data may not be demanding in terms of quality. As such it is important to note that appropriate water data and information are of extreme importance to carryout productive and contributory water assessments. On the other hand high resource demand makes it extremely expensive for a data and information system to capture, process and store all water and water related data at very fine spatial and temporal resolutions. This is due to the large requirement of staff and equipment for data capturing and the necessity of high speed, high capacity computers, servers, networks, associated equipment, capable staff and tools for processing etc., when handling large amounts of data. As such there should be research on data capture, storage, analysis and retrievals to make sure that optimal resources are used for data and information management. Therefore research on how water data and information are to be captured, stored, analyzed and retrieved is of prime importance to ensure rational use and management of water resources.
MONIDRI - A PARTICIPATORY IDSS FOR WATER USE MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE AT RIVER BASIN LEVEL
MONIDRI is a research project based on the development of a DSS on water use in agriculture at river basin level, financed in the framework of the Italian Research Ministry strategic research founds on water resources (co-financed by the Italian Agriculture Ministry). The integration of the monitoring/evaluation/simulation specialised models related to the several aspects of water cycle inside a river basin, and consequently of the different disciplines and experts involved in water use monitoring and management, inside the framework of the related users/actors is the goal of the project. The DSS and the models are being testing in three river basins test areas, with the involvement of the water management and use local actors.
Hydrological data processing and management system IJERTV9IS
IJERT, 2020
This case study is mainly focused on the determination of hydrological river flows using data processing techniques in the upper Awash basin that would be used for Koka reservoir management. The geographically located of the basin is between 38 0 56'E-39 0 17'E longitude and 8 0 34'N-9 0 05'N latitude, which is about 70km 2 south east of Addis Ababa in the Rift valley. The main objectives of this case study are to determine seasonal river flows of Mojo, Awash at Hombole and Awash below Koka Dam Rivers and to analyse flow hydrographs for the management of Koka reservoir. The methodologies adopted in this case study were data collection, data processing and data analyses sections. In data collection section, data were collected using the gauge books, flow measurement, automatic recorders, radar sensor and telemetry. In data processing section data error correction, data entry, pre-processing activities were carried out and rating curves were developed. In the last section, data analyses and hydrographs were developed. The finding from this case study shows that the maximum and minimum flows of each river in m 3 /s are 511.2 and 0.0 for Mojo River, 803.1m 3 /s and 0.04m 3 /s for Awash River at Hombole and 718.0m 3 /s and 0.76m 3 /s for Awash River below Koka dam respectively. These flows were determined from the flow rating curves. The flow measurement parameters for each station were determined as shown in the data processing section. In addition, seasonal and annual flow hydrographs for each river are also presented in the annex. The flows to (Hombole and Mojo river flows) and from (below Koka river flow) would be used for the analysis of dam management during flooding seasons, dam safety and its efficient use in hydropower generation and irrigation demands. The flows were estimated both manually and using HYDATA software.