Integrating Bilateral Approach to Combat Combined Iimpacts of Heritage Tourism and Climate Change (original) (raw)
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BILATERAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACTS, VULNERABILITY & SOLUTIONS
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India’s cultural legacy is one of the world’s most distinct and diverse and it is an inspiration that draws ever growing number of tourists every year to our world famed heritage monuments, colossal forts, royal palaces, museums, libraries, as well as to geographically diverse scenic landscapes. Various cultural heritage sites, performing arts, crafts, and natural resources have all been used in attracting the tourists. This approach, however, may reduce the significance of cultural heritage and the environmental assets to an economic commodity minimizing or sometime completely ignoring their socio-cultural values. Moreover converging of a large number of tourists of different background on a historic monument or site and location of tourists facilities on the cultural heritage sites have often resulted not only in altering of the original features but also in all kind of pollution damaging or even destroying the fabric of the monuments and works of art. The combined impact of attack due atmospheric pollution, urbanization, excessive tourism, solid waste generation, negligence, and inappropriate restoration measures often results in irremediable changes and, in some cases, even the complete disappearance of immovable and movable heritage. The objectives of this paper is to understand and investigate the nexus between environmental degradation and tourism development, its impact on the tourism areas, besides the protection / conservation of heritage structures when these environmental and cultural threats continue to multiply with each passing day.
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Human activities are directly or indirectly assigned to “Climate change”. Global scenario indicates that changing climate is an influencing phenomenon with wide range of impacts on different levels in societies and industries. In current scenario tourism industry is considered as one of the fastest-growing industries with direct relation to changing climate. Tourism is totally dependent on various climatic conditions over specific destinations. Any effort to separate them will lead to danger. Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries which is also responsible for excess amount of emissions and also includes large scope to adapt or mitigate changing climate. Tourism has the capability to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool for foreign investments. As tourism is a growing sector it is essential to identify its promising impacts...
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Climate change is increasingly recognised as a major threat to the sustainability of tourism, including heritage tourism. Yet despite growth in literature on climate change and heritage there is little specific literature on the relationship between climate change and heritage tourism. The paper introduces a special issue on heritage tourism and climate change. It briefly outlines the future challenges of climate change before commenting on tourism’s role in climate change and the challenge of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Using UNWTO tourism estimates a tentative figure of half of all emissions of tourism could be ascribed to heritage related tourism. Keywords: heritage tourism, climate change, cultural heritage, natural heritage, emissions, IPCC The paper here is the submitted version of introduction to a special issue of Journal of Heritage Tourism on heritage and climate change. For the authoritative version please see the journal website.
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Tourism is widely being recognized by the governments the world over as a sector with immense potential for economic development and employment generation. Various international agencies like World Tourism Organization (WTO) have pointed out the vast developmental potential of tourism, particularly with reference to the developing nations, like India. It has been estimated that economies like India and China would emerge as the superpowers in world tourism by the years 2020.Of late, Asia Pacific region is fast growing in tourism though the region as a whole has been rather lagging behind the world. Similarly, India has also been late in encouraging tourism as a means of economic development, but the scenario has changed since the early 2000s. For instance, in the year 2006, the foreign tourists arrivals in India (4.45 million) have been almost double that of 1996 (2.29 million), while the earnings have almost tripled during the period, from Rs. 10046 Crore to Rs.29604 Crore. Further, in line with the above increasing trend, for the seven months’ period January to July 2007 the provisional figures stand at 2.76 million as against 2.47 for the corresponding period of 2006. However, in spite of the appreciable growth in tourism over the last few years and also the excellent prospects that the industry offers for economic development there are growing apprehensions regarding the sustainability of tourism as a development paradigm because of various reasons, but most importantly the adverse impacts of tourism on the environment. Accordingly, it is widely believed that environment friendly tourism alone can be sustainable for development in the long run. In the above context, this paper seeks to (i) make an overall review of the current status of global tourism and its trends and patterns, (ii) make a detailed analysis of Indian tourism, its development over the years, problems and prospects, (iii) strategies for sustainable tourism development in India, with focus on environment friendly tourism. The paper considers, inter alia, relevant global experiences, ever-growing environmental issues, and after all the peculiar socioeconomic, geographic and such other features characteristic of the Indian union.