Study of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with androgenetic alopecia: Metabolic syndrome and carotid atheromatosis (original) (raw)
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Discordância entre Colesterol LDL e Não-HDL e Gravidade da Doença Arterial Coronária
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
Background: A sizeable proportion of patients have discordant low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). Objectives: We assessed the relationship between discordance of LDL-C and non-HDL-C and coronary artery disease (CAD) severity. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of 574 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography. Fasting serum lipid profiles were recorded, SYNTAX and Gensini scores were calculated to establish CAD complexity and severity. We determined the medians for LDL-C and non-HDL-C to examine the discordance between LDL-C and non-HDL-C. Discordance was defined as LDL-C greater than or equal to the median and non-HDL-C less than median; or LDL-C less than median and non-HDL-C greater than or equal to median. A p value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: LDL-C levels were strongly and positively correlated with non-HDL-C levels (r = 0.865, p < 0.001) but 15% of patients had discordance between LDL-C and non-HDL-C. The percentage of patients with a Gensini score of zero or SYNTAX score of zero did not differ between discordant or concordant groups (p = 0.837, p = 0.821, respectively). Mean Gensini and SYNTAX scores, percentage of patients with Gensini score ≥20 and SYNTAX score >22 were not different from group to group (p = 0.635, p = 0.733, p = 0.799, p = 0.891, respectively). Also, there was no statistically significant correlation between LDL-C and Gensini or SYNTAX scores in any of the discordant or concordant groups. Additionally, no correlation was found between non-HDL-C and Gensini or SYNTAX score. Conclusions: While there was discordance between LDL-C and non-HDL-C (15% of patients), there is no difference regarding CAD severity and complexity between discordant and concordant groups. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(3):469-475
Androgenetic alopecia and risk of coronary artery disease
Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 2013
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or male pattern baldness (MPB) has been found to be associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The well-known risk factors are family history of CAD, hypertension, increased body mass index (BMI), central obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The newer risk factors are serum lipoprotein-a (SL-a), serum homocysteine (SH), and serum adiponectin (SA). Aim: Identifying individuals at risk of CAD at an early age might help in preventing CAD and save life. Hence, a comparative study of CAD risk factors was planned in 100 males of AGA between the age of 25 and 40 years with equal number of age-and sex-matched controls. Materials and Methods: Patients of AGA grade II or more of Hamilton and Norwood (HN) Scale and controls were examined clinically and advised blood test. The reports were available for fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum total serum cholesterol (SC) in 64 cases, 64 controls; lipoproteins (high, low, very low density, HDL, LDL, VLDL), serum triglycerides (ST) in 63 cases, 63 controls; SL-a in 63 cases, 74 controls; SH in 56 cases, 74 controls; and SA in 62 cases, 74 controls. Results: In these cases family history (FH) of AGA and CAD was significantly high. The blood pressure (BP) was also found to be significantly high in the cases. The difference of mean serum HDL, LDL, VLDL, ST, SH, and SL-a in cases and controls were statistically significant and with increasing grade of AGA, the risk factors also increased. Conclusion: Patients with AGA appear to be at an increased risk of developing CAD, therefore, clinical evaluation of cases with AGA of grade II and above may be of help in preventing CAD in future.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2015
Introduction Atherosclerosis is a chronic degenerative inflammatory process that occurs in the intima layer of medium and large arteries. Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries (1). Age, sex, family history, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and psychosocial factors can be considered as the main risk factors for atherosclerotic heart disease (2). Recent studies have identified the concentration of plasma triglyceride (TG) and triglyceride-enriched lipoprotein particles (3,4), the size of lipoprotein particles (5,6), apolipoprotein B (apo-B), lipoprotein a, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein (CRP) (7) as risk markers besides the main risk factors. Endothelial damage, oxidative modification of lipids, and inflammation are 3 main factors known to take part in the development of atherosclerosis. Lipids are the most important components of atheromatous plaque. The main source of cholesterol in the atherosclerotic plaque is the esterified cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The main factors that determine the migration of lipoproteins into subintimal spaces are the molecular size of lipids and gradient degree (1). Although LDL-C is known as the major factor in the process of atherogenesis, the higher levels and the migration of triglyceride-enriched lipoproteins [very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)], intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C), chylomicron remnant, and lipoprotein a into the subendothelial space through damaged vascular endothelium can also have an important role in the formation of atheromatous plaque (2). In clinical practice, total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C levels are used to follow up dyslipidemia and evaluate the cardiovascular risk (8). In some studies, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) was reported to be Background/aim: Dyslipidemia is one of the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is used to measure dyslipidemia. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) seems to be an alternative parameter to LDL-C as it is not influenced by triglyceride (TG) levels. The aim of this study is to compare non-HDL-C and LDL-C levels as risk markers in CAD patients. Materials and methods: One hundred and ten CAD patients and 42 individuals with normal coronary angiography results were included in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: TG < 200 mg/dL (n = 75) as group 1 and TG > 200 mg/dL (n = 35) as group 2. Total cholesterol (TC), TG, and HDL-C levels were analyzed with a Roche Modular P800 autoanalyzer. LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels were calculated. Results: There were statistically significant differences in TC, TG, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels when the groups were compared. Non-HDL-C levels of group 2 were statistically higher than those of group 1 and the control group. There was no significant difference in LDL-C levels between the groups. Conclusion: Non-HDL-C levels are better risk markers than LDL-C levels, especially in patients with TG > 200 mg/dL, and non-HDL-C levels should be taken into consideration when evaluating the risk of CAD.
2018
Objective: Research was aimed at the retrospective analysis of the Non-HDL cholesterol assessment as a marker of CVD risk added with the cholesterol low density lipoprotein. Methods: We conducted a retrospective research in Mayo Hospital, Lahore from Feb, 2016 to Jan, 2017 after the ethical approval from the administration of the hospital and informed consent from the participants. Retrospective analysis was carried out on the non-HDL and LDL Cholesterol in lipid profile 2115 and analysis was carried out in serum fasting or EDT A Plasma through Daytona and Randox Rx Imola analyzers with the help of Randox kits. Because of the retrospective nature every case was included for the lipid profiles in the said period of research, as it was retrospective research so it did not require any sample size for the completion of the research. Results: SPSS-22 was used for the data analysis and it was observed in the data analysis of the 2115 profiles of the lipid that 1389 profiles (66%) were observed with levels of Triglyceride more than 1.7mmol/l of and among these female and male were respectively 642 (46%) and 747 (54%). Elevated non-HDL cholesterol was observed in males 77/747 (10%) as (above 3.4mmol/l) in the level of LDL cholesterol as (below 2.6 mmol/l). Remaining 22/747 male (2.9%) cases, LDL-cholesterol was increased in normal non-HDL cholesterol presence. Females 66/624 cases (10%) an increased non-HDL cholesterol (above 3.4mmol/l) was observed in normal LDL-cholesterol presence (below 2.6 mmol/l) and increased LDL-cholesterol in normal non-HDL cholesterol presence among 15/642 females (2.3%) cases. Conclusion: A non-HDL cholesterol was required for the true analysis of CVD risk in addition to the LDL-cholesterol specifically in the elevated triglycerides samples. We recommend that non-HDL cholesterol can be stated as an integral lipid profile part.
LDL-cholesterol and the potential for coronary risk improvement
cardiovascular-medicine.ch
Aim: To determine population-attributable predicted coronary risk for major coronary risk factors and derive potential for reduction of global coronary risk. Methods: We obtained images of carotid atherosclerosis in practice-based subjects from self-referred CORDICARE (COR) and physician-referred KARDI-OLAB (KAR) patients and calculated 10-year predicted coronary risk according to Swiss guidelines (AGLA) and via reclassification by post-test risk derived from ultrasound-measured total plaque area of the left and right carotid artery. We calculated predicted coronary risk reduction attributable to achievement of all AGLA goals, and for individual risk factors: smokers became nonsmokers, diabetic patients became nondiabetic patients, HDL level, if not already attained, was increased to 1.5 mmol/l, similarly, LDL level was lowered to 1.8 mmol/l, systolic blood pressure (BP) was lowered to 130 and then 10-year risk was recalculated for every subject. Results: COR included N = 900 (48% female), mean age 59 ± 9 years, KAR included N = 600 (35% female), mean age 58 ± 9 years. COR vs KAR: fewer smokers (12% vs 28%), fewer diabetic patients (3% vs 9%), higher systolic BP (133 ± 15 vs 128 ± 19) and higher HDL (1.6 ± 0.4 vs 1.4 ± 0.4 mmol/l), lower AGLA coronary risk (6.6 ± 7.0 vs 8.1 ± 8.6%), lower post-test risk (13.4 ± 14.1 vs 16.2 ± 16.4%). Predicted percent risk reductions for COR and KAR were: all AGLA treatment goals reached (-46% vs-51%), AGLA LDL goals met (-29% vs-29%), LDL ≤1.8 mmol/l (-52% vs-49%), no smokers (-7% vs-12%), HDL 1.50 mmol/l (-13% vs-21%), blood pressure ≤130 (-7% vs-6%), no diabetes (-1% vs-3%). Conclusions: Achieving LDL ≤1.8 mmol/l would be the single most important intervention in lowering coronary risk by 50%. In reaching all AGLA goals, the predicted 10-year risk would fall from 13-7% in COR and from 16-8% in KAR. Subjects are predominantly at low risk according to AGLA, at intermediate risk after reclassification, and could become true low risk through intensified intervention.
The Comparison of Blood Lipid Profile in Patients with and Without Androgenetic Alopecia
Journal of the Turkish Academy of Dermatology, 2020
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in both sexes. In several studies investigating the relationship between AGA and dyslipidemia, conflicting results have been reported. In this study, we aimed to compare serum triglyceride (TG) and highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels that one of the criteria of metabolic syndrome in male patients with and without AGA. Materials and Methods: The study group was consisted of 40 patients who had 2 and higher AGA. The control group was consisted of 40 patients aged who had no AGA at the clinical examination or who had stage 1 AGA. Fasting serum TG and HDL cholesterol levels were compared between study and control groups. Results: The mean serum TG values in the study group were 89.60; the mean serum TG values in the control group were 85.40. There was no statistical difference in serum TG values between the two groups (p<0.005). The number of patients with serum TG value ≥150 mg/dL was 5 (12.5%) in the study group and 3 (7.5%) in the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant too (p<0.005). Mean serum HDL cholesterol levels in the study group were 52.67; the mean serum HDL cholesterol values in the control group were 52.62. There was no significant difference in serum HDL cholesterol levels between the two groups (p<0.005). The number of patients with serum HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL was 4 (10%) in the patient group and 1 (2.5%) in the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant too (p<0.005). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between serum TG and HDL cholesterol levels in male patients with or without AGA.
A Very High Prevalence of Low HDL Cholesterol in Spanish Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Clinical Cardiology, 2010
BackgroundTotal and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in coronary artery disease have progressively declined, although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has not always been evaluated. The prevalence and related factors of low HDL-C in a cohort of Spanish patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) were assessed.Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in coronary artery disease have progressively declined, although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has not always been evaluated. The prevalence and related factors of low HDL-C in a cohort of Spanish patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) were assessed.MethodsClinical and laboratory data registered at admission and at discharge of 648 patients admitted to coronary care units of 6 Spanish hospitals for ACS between January 2004 and September 2007 were analyzed.Clinical and laboratory data registered at admission and at discharge of 648 patients admitted to coronary care units of 6 Spanish hospitals for ACS between January 2004 and September 2007 were analyzed.ResultsLow HDL-C (HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L) was observed in 367 (56.6%) patients. Male gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high body mass index, and triglycerides were related to low HDL-C. Female gender was the strongest protective factor against low HDL-C (0.619; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.410–0.934; P = 0.022), whereas high triglycerides (1.653; 95% CI: 1.323–2.064; P < 0.001) followed by previous ischemic disease (1.504; 95% CI: 1.073–2.110; P = 0.018) were the strongest factors associated with low HDL-C. One-third of patients were taking statins at admission, but only 2% were on fibrate therapy. A large increase in statin therapy, but not in other hypolipemiant drug therapy, between admission and discharge was noted in the whole cohort and among patients with low HDL-C.Low HDL-C (HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L) was observed in 367 (56.6%) patients. Male gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high body mass index, and triglycerides were related to low HDL-C. Female gender was the strongest protective factor against low HDL-C (0.619; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.410–0.934; P = 0.022), whereas high triglycerides (1.653; 95% CI: 1.323–2.064; P < 0.001) followed by previous ischemic disease (1.504; 95% CI: 1.073–2.110; P = 0.018) were the strongest factors associated with low HDL-C. One-third of patients were taking statins at admission, but only 2% were on fibrate therapy. A large increase in statin therapy, but not in other hypolipemiant drug therapy, between admission and discharge was noted in the whole cohort and among patients with low HDL-C.ConclusionSpanish patients with ACS have a very high prevalence of low HDL-C. Male gender, high triglycerides, and previous ischemic disease are strong, independent factors associated with this disorder. As low HDL-C remains almost completely untreated in ACS, strategies to enhance the treatment of this lipoprotein abnormality are urgently required. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Spanish patients with ACS have a very high prevalence of low HDL-C. Male gender, high triglycerides, and previous ischemic disease are strong, independent factors associated with this disorder. As low HDL-C remains almost completely untreated in ACS, strategies to enhance the treatment of this lipoprotein abnormality are urgently required. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.