Design with Climate in Africa. The World of Galleries, Brise–Soleil and Beta Windows (original) (raw)
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2010
Following a rapid coup d’état in 1974, Portugal was once again the size it had been at the beginning of the fifteenth century. The very same military overthrow that brought about the end of the autocratic regime that had ruled the country for over 48 years also epitomized the conclusion of a colonial enterprise in Africa that had lasted 500 years. Portugal’s loss of its African colonies of Angola and Mozambique thus occurred later than in any other country in Europe, and forced the country to redefine its role in the world, transform its obsolete institutions and revise its national identity. Architecture played an interesting part in this re-elaboration of the nation’s self-image. The SAAL programme, which aimed to alleviate poor housing conditions, and the immediate recognition of Alvaro Siza’s work within this programme, sparked an international visibility for Portugal. Siza’s insistence on the artistic character of architecture in fact helped to counterbalance the arrogance of a...
Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2008
Around 1930 the Modern Movement in Architecture had come of age in Europe. Suddenly, the architects of this movement realized that it had the potential to spread to the rest of the world and sought regions generally deprived of a firm sense of civil building procedures. To a certain extent, the tropics were one such area. Their authorities, mostly for want of social organization or techniques, welcomed the import of new industrial construction methods, seemingly efficient and unprejudiced, instead of inventing their own methods. However as modern materials had originated in temperate areas, their progress was hindered by the oppressiveness of the tropical climate. In this year-long investigation, the authors, through scientific design methods and computer simulation, would like to contribute to a careful examination of the systems conceived to overcome this major fault of modern architecture, and to provide solutions for the future. As the present study encompasses several different cultures, the case of the brise-soleil in South America will be discussed by first focusing on the figures of Le Corbusier and Lucio Costa.
Preserving Modern Architecture in a Post-colonial Context: Mozambique
The Importance of Place. Values and Building Practices in the Historic Urban Landscape, edited by Amir Pašić, Borut Juvanec and José Luis Moro, 225-238. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016
Abstract | This essay focuses on the material heritage of the final period of Portuguese sovereignty in Mozambique (from the late nineteenth century to 1975) and is interested in deepening the knowledge of twentieth century architecture and of the particularities (ideological, technical, and material) involved in the conservation of architectural heritage and associated with the modern post-colonial context. The difficulties relate greatly to functionality, materials, the replacement of infrastructures, the urban surroundings, its maintenance, and patina, as well as the recognition of this recent heritage, and its protection by an official tutelage. Studies, the aging buildings, and the relationship between such different cultures (colonial and post-colonial) bring new challenges and discussion of issues that deserve consideration: 1) their "lifetime" proximity to our own epoch affects the (historical) distance required for properly interpreting and evaluating their significance; 2) we do not have accumulated knowledge or technical expertise to handle all the variety of Modern Architecture, considering that we are not interested in mastering only the technology, as the authenticity covers also the intention of the project and the created space, and the materials alone do not define architecture; and 3) the western notion of heritage has not found acknowledgment in areas of non- European roots, especially when related with colonial experiences. Keywords| modern architecture, conservation, cultural heritages of Portuguese influence, Mozambique, conservation in post-colonial context
“Palmeiras and Pilotis: Promoting Brazil with Modern Architecture.”
Third Text, 2012
In the 1950s, modern architecture became one of the most compelling and widely circulated, if controversial, symbols of industrial and cultural progress in Brazil. Such architects as Oscar Niemeyer and Affonso Reidy were both celebrated and reviled by specialists in the developed world for the liberties they took reconfiguring European architectural conventions for their tropical conditions. Two particular cases emanating from Rio de Janeiro – Reidy’s design for the Museu de Arte Moderna and Niemeyer’s journal Módulo – highlight how Brazilians engaged with this polemical discourse and disseminated their works of tropical modernism to foreign audiences. Through these and other examples, this article also points to ways in which Brazilians were complicit in the exoticization of their own country, deploying rhetoric about the tropics when it was advantageous and condemning it when it was not.
Contemporary Latin American Architecture – ARC 584 Midterm: Cities Rio de Janeiro
In 1952, Rio de Janeiro introduced to the country, its first modern art museum developed by a group of people led by a female art director, Niomar Moniz Sodre. This new museum was very much reflective of what was taking place in Brazil at the time, and Rio de Janeiro specifically, was the scene of radical social change during the 1950s. During this time, Rio de Janeiro was the capital city of Brazil and at the mid-century experienced political, economic, and cultural shifts of seismic proportions. The 1950s was the precise time that Brazil was undergoing its process of modernization. Although this was particularly a time of political change, an important derivative of this change was a dramatic movement of the arts. Political parties, intellectuals, entrepreneurs and artists all believed that a national democratic or socialist revolution was possible within the country. These artists, entrepreneurs and intellectuals played a significant role in constructing the ideal utopia; a reformed and modern Brazil. This new museum, the Museum of Modern Art, in Rio de Janeiro, and the new developments that came with it mark a defining moment in the initial steps to a promotion and re-definition of modernism in Brazil. This analysis seeks to understand, convey and celebrate this political and economic shift in Rio de Janeiro's history that locates it at the dynamic center of a cultural link that includes architecture, urbanism, art and the collection and display of visual and urban art that
The purpose of this study is to make a conceptual analysis of residential architecture of Goa and Maputo, in order to find out and compare Portuguese Colonial reflections of Goan and Maputo's architecture in their houses. A comparative analysis was made to establish similarity and differences of conceptual approaches in the cities by examining their peculiar ways of dwelling on a time-line. Previous researches have been done about the architecture of Goa and the architecture of Mozambique , even its evolution. From the beginning of the local traditional construction till today's date, but in those researches there are no traces of comparison of the type of architecture in Goa and in Mozambique related to Houses, since these two locations where colonized by the Portuguese in similar times. This research can help in understanding the typologies of houses that were predominant in these locations before they were colonized, analysing the type of material and construction techniques used as local architecture, by comparing some of the houses constructed during colonization and Post-independence and find any drastic changes in their architectural character. The research was made by architectural analysis of the building skins by graphic representation supported by photographic survey.
URBAN VISIONS: PORTUGUESE IDENTITY IN ANGOLA [45|75]
Among other source publications Maria Manuela Da Fonte is author of "Urbanism and Architecture in Angola", from which, we propose to present a brief and succinct manner, in way of a rewriting summary, a summary of her thought. Our purpose is to expose the author view on the portuguese forms and brands registered in Angola and how their occupation across organizational structures urban and architectural production, developed and carried out, particularly between the 40 and 70 of the twentieth century. Maria Manuela Da Fonte born in Tras-os-Montes in 1962. Architect graduated from the Faculty of Architecture at the Technical University (1987) and PhD in Urban Planning by FA / UTL in 2008. Teaching since 1990 (FA/UTL) the disciplines of Design and Urbanism. As Professor Project Department Assistant - Field of Urbanism (FA/UTL) and member of the Research Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Design (CIAUD), has been active in teaching and research. Participates in several works on the theme of Architecture and Urban Portuguese in the Angolan context. Developed liberal profession of architecture and urbanism.
THE ROOTS OF BRAZILIAN MODERN ARCHITECTURE
REGIONALISM, NATIONALISM & MODERN ARCHITECTURE international conference Conference proceedings October 25-27, 2018 CEAA | Centro de Estudos Arnaldo Araújo Escola Superior Artística do Porto Portugal, Edited by Jorge Cunha Pimentel Alexandra Trevisan Alexandra Cardoso
In 1927, architect Gregory Warchavchik built the first modernist house in the Brazilian city of Sao Paulo. The synthesis of local and international, laid down in the works of Warchavchik at the turn of the 20's and 30's, developed into a national version of modernist architecture. The article analyzes the architect’s approach in combining worldwide modernist features and national elements, which appears to be in tune with the ideas of Oswald de Andrade laid out in his Cannibal Manifesto, laying a foundation for the development of brazilianness in architecture. Pp.465-473
Modernity and Continuity: Alternatives to Instant Tradition in Contemporary Brazilian Architecture
At the end of the 1970s, Critical Regionalism questioned the homogenization of architecture brought by modernism. The movement claimed a necessity for the mediation between ‘universal civilization’ and ‘local culture’, establishing the possibility for a meaningful yet progressive architecture to take form. In the face of a visible standardization of architecture throughout the globe, as portrayed by the reckless replication of design solutions disregarding local environmental and social conditions, the idea of Critical Regionalism seems relevant. However, the critical part of this discourse must be reframed in order to release the ‘local’ from its aesthetic form, establishing new possibilities for architecture to address its context in innovative ways. This paper examines examples of both purely aesthetic regionalism and creative solutions for addressing local issues. The study focuses on both past and contemporary Brazilian architectural solutions. Brazil currently faces a continuous increase in its construction market, but it is in past solutions that the most creative locally inspired architecture can be found. Through the examination of such examples, the paper will explore both the problems and potentials of a critical and regionalist Brazilian architecture.